OCR Text |
Show News Review of Current Events the World Over ' United States Pledges Aid for Peace and Security J. P. Morgan Questioned by Senate Committee Plan to Finance Public Works Program. f J . By EDWARD W. PICKARD to a demand for a ducted from the firm's taxable InResponding of the policy of come In 1031, 1932 or 1933. Three theUnlted States In the matter of or four million dollars of the he said, was deducted peace and disarmament, Norman II. from a mbassa profits In 1031 a year In Davis, announced which the partnera paid no tax to the disarmament but none In 1032, when the firm $21,-000,00- 0, e, conference In Geneva what seems to many a revolutionary departure from Ameritraditional can policies. Apparently It means that the United has abandoned Isolation, neutrality and the freedom of the seas. Specifically, Mr. Davis pledged his government never to Interfere with International action against a nation that has been satisfactorily Identified as an aggressor, and to participate In effective, automatic and continuous' International supervision designed to make certain that the nations carry out their promises In States rights disarmament President he said, Roosevelt's message," Is a clear Indication of the fact that the United States will had loss enough." ' On the second day the senators beard about Morgan k Co.'a preferred list" of frlenda to whom the firm sold Alleghany Corporation common for $20 a share when the market price was $33. In this list names. Inwere many now IL William Woodln, cluding secretary of the treasury: Charles Francis Adams, later secretary of the navy; Senator McAdoo, Newton D. Baker, John W. Davis, Gen. John J. Pershing, John J. Baskob, Silas II. Strswn and Col. Charles A. Lindbergh. Another list revealed included the names of bank officers and directors to whom the Morgan firm had made loans. Some of these loans had been repaid, but many had not, and In the latter category the largest was a little over $6,000,-00- 0 to Charles E. Mitchell, former president of the National City bank of New York, whose trial for alleged Income tax evasion was going on In New York city. . well-know- n exert full power and Influence and accept Its Just share of responsibility to make the results In disarmament definite, prompt and effective." iiarold After announcing that the United Federal judge of California' was States was willing to consult with the other states In cbbo of a threat acquitted In the Impeachment trial to peace, Mr. Davis set forth the In the senate, but he escaped by a American policy In these words: Further than that, In the event that the states, In conference, de- narrow margin. On the fifth and most comprehensive charge 45 senators voted guilty and 84 for ac' But under the constituquittal. tional Impeachment procedure a s vote, Is necessary for conviction. termine that a state has been guilty of a breach of the pence In violation of Its International obligations and take measures against the violator, then. If we concur In the Judgment THE administration and Its rendered as to the responsible and In congress have their from we will supporters refrain party, guilty national rethe $3,300,000,000 any action tending to defeat such way, for regulabill, states covery these which providing effort collective two-third- tion of ladustriea and construction of vast public works, will be financed by Increased Income and ' gasoline taxes and higher Income Imposts on stock dividends, as well may thus make to restore peace. Asserting that there must be real accomplishment In the way of disarmament, or a reversion to a race In arming, Mr. Davis proposed drastic arms reduction, and promised that the United States would go as far In this as the other states. Great Britain, Germany and Italy were highly pleased with Mr. Davis' but France repronouncement, mained dissatisfied, both with the security offered by the United States and with the Davis proposals for armament reduction. The more the French get, the more they demand, and their obstinacy is exceedingly Irritating to the other nations. told Foreign Minister the conference that France would not reduce her armaments unless a definite system of mutual assistance Is created, supplemented by genuine supervision of armaments. The supervision, be said, must especially cover armaments which are tnnnu- factored In private factories. as the" continua- for one year of all the nuisance taxes levied In tho revenue bill of 1032. That was the way It was reported to the house by the ways and means committee, and though tho Republicans and some others objected to these taxes and fought for a sales tax, that Is the way It Is likely to become law. The sum of $220,000,000 annually will be needed for Interest and amortization of the public works bond Issue, end the committee decided this should be raised by: L Increase of the normal Income tax rates from 4 to 6 per cent on the first $4,000 of net InINVESTIGATION of the private come and from 8 to 10 per cent on J. P. Morgan k above $4,000. This levy la esCo. greatest of Its kind In Amer- all ica, was started by the senate hank- timated to raise $40,000,000 a year, 2. Extension of the new normal ing committee with tax rates to dividends now Income J. Pierpont MoYgan, subject only to surtaxes and taxasenior partner, as tion at the source. Estimated to chief witness. The yield $S3, 000.000 a year. proceedings were 8. The addition of another conducted by Ferdiof a cent to the present 1 nand Pecora on becent a federal tax on gasognllon half of the commiline. Estimated to bring In ttee and attracted a j annually. throng of spectareadditional These the taxes, tors. John W. Davis, In are charsaid, temporary port former Democratic acter and may be eliminated by Presidential candithe President by proclamation date, was there as revenues when exceed operating counsel for Morgan, and the hanker was several times relieved from operating expenditures, or when nagging questions of Pecora by the the repeal of the Eighteenth amendprotests of Senators Glass and Mc- ment opens a new and ample Adoo. Most Interesting to the pub- source of revenue to the lic of the facts brought out was To adnirnTBTer the Industry con "that no Income tax whatever was trol features of the measure when paid by Morgan or any of his nineteen partners for 1031 and It becomes law, President Roosevelt has selected Hugh S. Johrjson 1032 and that they paid an aggregate of only $4S,000 In 1030. This of Moline, III, and he has been was because of heavy losses sus- busy getting an organization In tained by the firm. Morgan could shape so he can go to work promptnot recall whether he personally ly. He had a large' part In formuthe bill paid any tax In 1030, hut counsel lating A associate of Bernard Baclose for the Investigators said he did not Morgan repeatedly answered ruch, Democratic leader and New I do not know" to Pecoras queries York financier, Johnson was a about a $21,000,000 loss written off member of the old war Industries his firms books on January 2, 1031, board. lie was also head of the In addition to other deductions first draft board during the World has had slve experience In manufacturing, 1e income. ne was born In Kansas In 1SS2. Finally the banker asked LeonHe turned to the army for a career ard Keygs, office manager of the was graduated from West and firm, to erplnln the matter: Point, ln1.903,.Wlentrhe.,rctlredJn. transacInvolved said the. Keyes tion was the inevitable result of a 1019 he was a brigadier general. revaluation of assets made neces-sary by the admission of a new EXPANSION of cretin rather currency has' been partner, S. Parker Gilbert, on stnrted by the government under 2, 1031. Pecora hammered away with the powers given' the President in " questions, but Keyes, a methodical the farm act Secretary of the appearing man who spoke crisply and Treasury Woodln announced that wUhout hesitation, repeated his ac- the federal reserve banks had made count over and over. lie testified an initial purchase of-- $25,000,000 that the $21,000,000 loss could, as of government bonds In the ojen 'the law then stood, have been de- - market tion Paul-Bonco- three-fourth- s $92,-000,0- - , - , -- . Jan-nar- y That la tha atart of an Inflationbe-i-n ary step," Woodln a aid It la Into done to Inject something In other words, to the market. moving along." keep thin Woodln aald additional purchase would be entirely dependent upon condition." The new law authorize the reserve bank to buy up to $3,000,000,000 of securities. When the reserve banks buy bonds, cash balances of member banks are Increased by equal amounts. The administration hopes that the banks, with these additional funds on hand, will advance them to industry. ", Roosevelt President WHEN the nations of the world to agree to a tariff truce pending the outcome of the London economic conference, the administration thought it would pot be in accord with good faith to assess now the processing taxes on wheat, cotton and perhaps corn and bogs provided for In the farm relief act But Secretary of Agriculture Wallace thought otherwise, and after a conference with Secretary of State Dull he was permitted to go ahead with this undertaking. Probably there will be protests from Europe and Canada, and then the diplomats must get busy. Secretary Wallace and George N. of the farm Peek, relief act, selected Guy O. Shepard of Evanston as administrator in charge of the packing house products under the act He will have general charge of trade agreements between packers and between producers and processors relative chiefly to hogs and their products. Mr. Shepard was formerly vice president of the Cudahy Packing company. To handle the cotton work under the farm act, C. A. Cobb of Atlanta, Ga., was named. He Is editor of t flie Progressive Both he and Shepard rank alongside of Prof. M. L. Wilson, appointed administrator some time ago. Farmer-Ruralls- NEW YORK state came to the In favor of prohibition re- a manner that surprised even the ardent wets. The vote was about twelve to one throughout the In peal state, and in New York city It was aprpoxlmately forty to one. The 150 delegates elected to the convention all are pledged to repeal, and they will meet In Albany on June 27 to execute the will of the people. The Empire state will thus become the sixth to ratify the repeal amendment to the Constitution. WITH- s stately parade down avenue, speeches by Postmaster General Farley and others and much picturesque ceremony, A Century of Progress, Chicagos Worlds fair, was formally thrown open to the public, and thousands of men, women and children entered the vast exposition area and marveled at what had been accomBy high pressure work, plished. the fair was already virtually completed. The most thrilling and dramatic part of the proceedings came at nlghtfftll,- - when through a hookup" of three astronomical observatories a ray from the star Arcturus was caught by telescopes, transmitted to the exposition grounds and used to put luto operation the gorgeous lighting system of the fair. According to the scientists, the ray started from Arcturua Just forty years ago, at the time the fair of 1893 opened. The fact that Chicago bus created this exposition during the dopres slnn is as Impressive as the fair Itself. - - - PEACE In Cuba seems to he a off, though the government continues with vigor Its efforts to wipe out the . revolutionists. And, according to the latter. President Machado Is using more than vigor. - Operations against the opposl tlon are being directed by MaJ. Ar ento Ortlx, Macha- dos chief military and he is , i? pursuing the same tactic1 with which he terrorized Orl ente province In 1931. In Santa Clara and Camaguey provinces he has been hanging captured rebels to the trees along the highways and In the towns, and It was reported that he held as hostages the family of Carlos Leyva, who led a rebel raid" on Taguasro, threatening to. kill them unless Leyva surrendered with fifty followers. Then Ortlx returned to Sanctl Splrttus, and It was believed he would pursue the same ruthless methods In that section. 'strategist, REPORTS from China, confirmed that said foreign office In Tokyo, an agreement for a Chi tyational.Topics Interpreted by William Bnickart Washington. Tbs country has lust witnessed the move by President Roosevelt to Trust gather to himself People of Rootevelt another armful , aptbority In bis broad program to put the nations business back on Its feet. In the. legislation to encourage national recovery and provide for construction of public works as a .stimulant to the economic machinery, the President asked for authority to use In his discretion second In amount only to that accorded him In the Inflation provisions of the farm relief program. It might be assumed that the delegation of so much power to the President would create a distrust among the people of the nation, and that probably would be the result In any country save our own. Here, however. It appears that the great masses of the people would rather have that power vested In Mr. Roosevelt than In the d of their representatives own selection who sit in the two houses of congress. I find In my rounds In Washington that the opinion of observers' is virtually unanimous. Their Information comes largely from "back home," as the politicians say, and so everybody seems to believe the President Is more capable of doing things In tills crisis than congress, except congress. I might add parenthetically the reason congress has granted so much Is because Individually and collectively It Is afraid to go against the wishes of a man who has caught the Imagination of the electorate as President Roosevelt hns done. Although the legislation accords the President the sweeping powers only for two years, his rights during that time to form a partnership with commerce and Industry are almost limitless, albeit they depend upon voluntary by commerce and Industry to a certain extent But by the system of licensing which is set up. It Is made to appear without much analysis that business had better or else In the first Instance, all the longstanding antitrust laws are abrogated, kicked out of the window, so to speak. Upon the application of any association that Is representative of a trade or group or business, the President Is empowered to arrange with that organization and Its individual members for a code of rules governing Its competition. In other words, he Is emiiowered to say In substance that prices may be set high enough to afford all of them a reasonable return of profit It is obvious, of course. If there Is a fair return factories will open and normal channels of trade will begin to flow. That meant employment and employment means creation of buying power. But the agreement must he within the bounds of reason or the President will not accept It. . 500-od- te CHILD Rfo FOREST ARMY ARRIVES DECLARE CRICKET WAR TEST IDAHO BEER LAW NO MORE FACULTY CUTS SUSPENDS MINING WORK ANGELQ PATRI Further, It never has been popuCOEUR' DALENE, IDA. The lar among American business men to have all of the facts about their second test of the Idaho prohibition affairs disclosed.. It Is predicted law as regards to 8.2 per cent beer now that this condition, developed was Initiated in the Kootenai counhighly by the federal trade commis- ty district court here, based on the. sion, will be very much worse and arrest of Paul Miller, of Wallace, that one factory will probably know on a charge of possession of intoxiall about Its competitor, including cating liquor. the manufacturing secrets. BOISE, IDA. Training orders From these has come the progress have been received here for 83 Idaof modern manufacturing and ho reserve officers who will go into camp June 11 with the National Guard in Boise. The public works section of the NORTH SALT LAKE, UT. The bill Is of a less Imaginative chalast few weeks have seen choice racter. d . . Outright and with no ceptlohi, ,lt make provision for. the expenditure of three billion three hundred million dollars for public construction. It proposes the expenditure of these funds over. a period of two years, or so much of It as may . be necessary to provide employment . The construction work, of course, will cause all of the lines of business making or selling material for building to speed up. It ought to expand pay lines as well rolls In a hundred-odas give the railroads some business. It appears to be a gigantic effort to Increase the momentum of recovery which most everyone believes to be well under way. If It succeeds, no one will question the cost. It holds out that hope anyway, according to beef selling at the highest prices received for two years on this market. BOISE, IDA It has been announced here that no further reductions are contemplated In the faculty of the Idaho State univer- HopetoSpeed sity. d drafted the nor did he of construction, program offer to congress the plan of taxa tlon to raise funds for the Interest on the bonds for financing the work. He left the tax matter to congress and thus avoided causing trouble for himself, for he can say thereafter that the taxes were laid by the wisdom of congress. Mr. Roosevelt has not After a lapse of twenty years, the senate of the United States again has performed the functions of a court of trial on articles of Impeachment It has just concluded this task on charges of Impeachment adopted In the house of representatives against Harold Louderback, a federal judge In the n'orthern district of California, marking the tenth time in oar history that the senate has organized as a court of trial. Even blase Washington Is not acquainted with the procedure because It occurs so seldom, and the trial drew to the galleries crowds of the proportion attracted by the most extraordinary murder case. Because the senate sits as a court so seldom. It might be worth while to recall what the When Senate procedure Is. In Act a Court general the fed e r a 1 Constitution prescribes the work to be done and how It shall be performed. .The house of representatives sits as a grand jury, hearing accnsatlons or churgea brought against a federal official. The charge originally Is ono of high crimes and misdemeanors followed by a statement There are only two restrictions of u house member that L thereto the Presidents power in this di- fore Impeach the Individual named. The next Btep Is performed by a rection. Let me Two house committee to which la reThe them: quote a ferred resolution of Impeachment President Restriction may agree to those and that committee determines codes of competition if he finds whether It will recommend a forma "(1) tlmt such associations or vote of Impeachment by the house groups Impose no Inequitable re- Itself. Thus, when the matter Is strictions on admission to member- placed before the house It votes for or against Impeachment, which to ship and are truly representative of such trades or Industries or sub- all Intents and purposes Is like an divisions thereof, and (2) that such indictment by a grand Jury. code or codes are not designed to On March 4, Just a few hours bepromote monopolies or to eliminate or oppress small enterprises and fore the old congress adjourned, will not operate to discriminate senate attache appeared In the midagainst them." It Is the plain pur- dle aisle of the chamber and ad pose of that provision to see that dressed Vice President Curtis, ansuch things as chain stores do not nouncing the arrival of a committee swallow np the corner grocery and of the house. Their arrival having that a great corporation may not been duly noted, the Vice President drive lesser ones out of business. inquired their mission. To present articles of Impeach Thus, we see the government ment Is dea against narold Louderback, that fostering program ' signed to assure for business a replied Representative Sumners, of , the chief manager on the living wapFAnd In providing thatT it Is the hope of the President that part of the house. there will be a living wage for "They will be received." replied Mr. Curtis, without emotion. . workers, too. Then the senate sergeant But the program Is not an x bed arms arose In his place., of roses lor business." The PresiHear yel near yel Hear ye dent may, as a condition of his apcried the sergeant at arms, "All of the codes, "Impose such proval conditions (Including requirements persons are commanded to keep sifor the making of reports and the lent oh pain of imprisonment while the house of representatives Is exkeeping of accounts) for the protection of consumers, competitors, hibiting to the senate of the United States articles of Impeachment employees and others" as he may deem necessary In the public In- against Harold Louderback.1 terest" That provision Is a touchy fiedAnd so the senate had been notl- formally and offlclaltv. and of. course. the due courseTTorganized Itself Into lresident will take little part In a court of trial administration of the law. It will The defendant Is allowed legal he done by those to whom he has counsel Each side may call given the administrative duty. And lCSQfynnden.oath It . nev cr ha- s- been and -- probably the senate chamber Just as they never will be that any group would In court There Is the government officials see things the reel examination and crosA examsame way. Consequently, one hears the house ination, managers acting many predictions that .commerce at all times In the role of the prosand industry will be making reecution. When all of the evidence ports In ' such dotal! and1 In such U In the case Is then left for decin limbers, and Investigations will he the sion of senators, hy jury Ingoing on to such an extent that of whom must vote for con-- in will he engaged dustry going ever Its hooks In one way or an- viction oi the defendant, is auto mntlcaiiy acquitted of the chni e other about all of the time. Tt-Xas- 1 . POCATELLO, IDA. Ten units of the citizens conservation corps have arrived here for work In the Idaho forests. TWIN FALLS, IDA. Twin Falls county lamb pool directors sold the countys first wool pool for 22 30,000 pounds of wool cents a pound. BOISE, IDA Assistance from the conservation corps in combatting an outbreak of crickets on the south fork of the Boise river has been sought by the state commissioner of agriculture. AMERICAN FORK, UT. The American Fork Gold Mining company has resumed operations at the old Pacific property situated at the head of American Fork canyon. .BOISE, IDA Reporta received here state that President Roosevelt has signed a bill for suspension of annn&l assessment work on mining claims. BINGHAM CANYON, UT. The town board has decided to retain all regular employes on a basis of 18 days a month. This applies to the police and water departments. BOISE, f IDA. Advance payment of taxes doe the state have been promised hy counties to meet a $500,000 treasury note issue due on July 1, the state auditor haa 1-- the President -- , PLEASANT GROVE, 2 UT. The nese defenders of Peiping already had withdrawn froih that city and the Japanese werwonlyra few rnlles away. It was understood that the truce required the Chinese troops to remain south of a line running from the Great Wall north of g southeast to Lutal on the const, the line passing north of both Iieplng and Tientsin. Despite the reported truce there was renewed fighting at the walled city-oTungchovr,' 13 miles cast of . Petping., Tel-pin- f ( C. mi. W MtarD Nw)iwr X Cnlos Ji twp-thinl- cnsii-wis-BNSw'.fmp- s REWARDS' I 'HIS Isnt a very Rita.. I see you goog have mark In spelling and anotkT arithmetic and grammar good. I dont believe you .11? . " tyn m t,n 24-2- 1-- 2 Land Bank district. McCAMMON, The nice blue ones In Daly1 dow? Oh, good for me. m hundred In everything. y0u J, Well we will be satisfies less than that You do yonr J and you will get the dishes." .'For a few days Rita w0rk,U and the marks rise. Then yawn a little and snvs she b & Of Studying. She wants to go play. Gness shell rest now t will do the words In the nwtr. Dont forget that you wanttfc, dishes. No. Im remembering, ft by and by, Less and less enthusiasm j study, more weariness, more for play, more forgetting nnta fc ly her mother loses all patience a says, Sit right down and ft Now, no more of this. I am not Ing to let yon waste any mortt: How do yon think you are goiq get the dishes nnless you wort I dont care. If I dont get ft all right for you. I do wort study hard as anything and teacher gives me the hardest p tlons and makes me miss on pose. Rita weeps at her owngj The reward. In store, has failed pull her along the hard rot duty. Rewards held In store for fa payment rarely work. Bribinj child to work fallB oftener tha succeeds. It U right to rewirt effort Rewards encourage to push on when enthusiasm died down. They stimulate the to. fresh hope and they rent energy. But the reward auk Immediate. It must follow the deed promptly. Children hw the present moment Their and hopes and struggles ire il the moment To make a revert fectlve It must follow the ance Immediately and be a nr When n child finds himself warded for something he hu he Is delighted beyond words feeling ' Is not all caused bj thought of his personal gain it and very strongly, Is mlngkcl; deep appreciation of big wort r of advantage favorable weather, district have succeeded In planting practically all of the spring wheat acreage planned. SALT LAKE CITY, arly 500 men from Virginia have arrived in Utah to work in the forest army camps. PRO! O, UT. Volunteer workers In the Renoylze Provo campaign have reported total of pledge $160,000, at the conclusion of a 2 weeks drive. . farthers. Jn-th- ls UT.-Ne- ist ill .0 ail ole :i: mil rn 1 rtf ?ne 7' I! vai rool i i rt( ill 1 1 Aa hi ra i dm II1 irse p fti I noi nip rty. sai i, vd :n a o car a i tt n 1 s, he rioi cn .tor up he ill! oc atei ANOTHER had been A 1 cannig. feet i and her afternoon tired carrying her about $ in a rocker on the porch wi ti Edna May doing her home vat the short time before dinaer. J baby had fallen asleep on tbe in the Bitting room. Now he wife and cried. Go in, Edna May, and see you can do to please him. ft tired I cant In s it t Jic wa cr Du a ek ML , il in Wh 'Pe Ik toi n inj v. er, al Ai , t ) t itl kb i rre lie iy tlx --a ax aa, tn I a;i i'bi Fie ocb the baby's & ball tied to favorite Teddy sitting chair will Berve the when baby Is to be divert Yew minutes the means ar no Cry ing It out Is when ones nerves are ra better than having a It la cheaper In nervousd the long run. It wont W the baby that he Is to L no matter what rPtn0,? r Sometimes he cant he P the Booner he learns It It does cost a few howls, 'i of os can stand tlint A BU l u k move another itg Edna May cheerfully went rescue. In a short time sh He wants my red back. mother." AU right Give It to hla thing to please him." Mother rested for a while ia'j to prepare for dinner. Crosst Bitting room something catg--j eye. The baby sat in the a miscellaneous heap Hk rate among his treasure. Gh he commanded, and at one May gave him. For pitys sake, Edna MV Is the matter with you? B tired to death. I ask yoa with the baby for a few and you completely opset tbt Pick every bit of that stuff Edna May. quite crestfilfe gan gathering up the loot ahe laid hold of an artlcld tk creamed and fought to'!' Mother came swiftly, amaeW children and planted the one In his crib and the od ke chair. Stay there and do cant If you anything bt children were crying earn father walked np the pa. It was all very natural , was tired beyond words. E9 j waa willing but nnknowjf of M j baby had the chance The, only wJ he took 1 can see Is to have A IDA By taking ttt ie want ... American Legion department will invite Geo. H. Dern, secretary of war and former governor of Utah, to attend Its state convention In this city next August BEAVER, UT. The local relief committee has hired 12 teams and a crew of men, to go Into Fremont pass, L8 miles southeast of Beatfer, to open np a road lending into an area of good dry wood. PRICE, UT. Carbon high school band is making arrangements to enter the national band contest at Evanston, HI, June 8, 9 and 10, In .connection with the Century of Progress exposition at Chicago. SALT LAKE CITY, UT. Utah will ship approximately 75 carloads or 1,500,000 pounds of broiler chickens to the eastern and mldwestern states this year. The 1933 shipments are expected to show a 30 per cent increase over the crop of 1932. SALT LAKE CITY, UT. The last date to apply for loans for summer fallowing and winter wheat planting has been extended from May 81 to June 17. The maximum for loans in Utah and Idaho la $1. 50 an acre. Not more than $300 will be loaned to any one applicant The applicant must agree to plant not more than 70 per cent of hla 1932 wheat acreage. Loans will mature onlugdst 81, 1934, and wiU bear Interest of 5 per cent per annum. They will be secured by first liens on wheat to be harvested in 1034... - SALT LAKE errr, UT. Utah farmers who. have In the past several years made loons upon their farms through the Federal Land bank will not be required to pay upon the principal of their loans during the next five years, but will be required to continue their interest payments, according to Willard D. Ellis of Berkeley, California, M BtaJJ hard this molag a good mark In J give you that set of dish(? major festival of the year for this city, Utah Strawberry day, will be held Jane 2L Because of the delayed season, the twelfth annnal festival will be held ten days later than usnal bnt will not lack in any of effort the features which in the past have Dont promise rewards made it an outstanding Utah cele- far In the future. Make that bration. Free strawberries will be mediate. served as usual TWIN t FALLS IDA Idaho PLEASE THE BABT . China cone ,had been reached and was about to be signed.1' The Chi- & . X o; ti Ju ra ik Mi -rj 1 tl tc ve ra Gi Cl I |