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Show THE WEEKLY REFLEX. KAYSVILLE, UTAH mnm CROPS ON THE PLAINS Moisture Is Considered Most portant Factor. mmm NUT TREES THRIVE NORTH IN Hickory lc Mott Popular and la Found In Many States Lltt Is Tima . and Labor Required. ' There are eery few aectlona ot the atatea where the abellbark. fortbern and pecan tree cannot be frown. The hickory la more commonly found, and la a natiee of many atatea. . The pecan ia uaually found along rleer or creek bottoma, .but can be transplanted to any toll, sand or . clay, with fair success. The hickory doea not aland transplanting so well as the pecan. Both can be grown from the nuta and the out grown trees glee the best results, producing nuts younger and forming line trees,' as the growing In the open from the start adapts the tree to the Jocatlon and there la po stunt from, transplanting. The pecan or abellbark when grown In the open produce wonderful cropa of nuts. If grown on high land the trees will never be large for forest trees, but when grown on any low, rich, moist soil, the tees make rapid growth, aoon growing Into large fine shaped trees. There-Ialways some uncultivated spot on the farm where a few nut trees could be grown. It requires but little time and labor to plant them and within a few years the home will have a supply of line sweet nuts, each year. . rMK0KJKJon TO PREVENT WINTERKILLING Alternate Freezing and Thawing Causes Plants to Die Out Straw ' -- i Mulch Is Recommended. The object of mulching strawberries In the fall Is to prevent winterkilling. Winterkilling is usually caused by the plants dying out too much during ' the winter months, or by alternate freezing and thawing.. The best mulch material to use Is clean straw; this Is placed on the plants 4 to 6 Inches deep after the ground has been frozen, t In the spring after the ground Is thawed, the straw Is worked around the plants, writes F. F. McCune in Farmers Mall and Breeze. This serves several purposes, such as keeping the patch free from weeds, conserving the moisture, and forming a clean mat for the berries to ripen on. After the fruit has ripened, the straw should be removed. ' PRUNING THE BERRY BUSHES Blackberries and Raspberries May Be Trimmed Any Time After Leaves . (By R. Have Fallen. O. WEATHERSTONE.) The question Is often asked as to the amount of pruning necessary for blackberry and raspberry bushes and when this should be done. This pruning ot raspberry and blackberry bushes may be done at any time after the leaves have fallen. If I I , could have my choice as to the date would do the pruning at the close ot the winter. But those who have large plantations are obliged to do the pruning when they have leisure time, and mince plq. It was a good old English custom, not to be rejected by the American colonists, altbougb modifications were neceesary to suit the tnd conditions of' living religion in the colonies, the Christ-splri- t being' substituted tor the pagan yuletlde, the famous boar's bead was omitted, and the Christmas pla became known as mince pie. However, many old observances were kept. Including the mistletoe and. holly, and Christmas was a day for family gatherings, with a feast prepared by the women, of the bouse It Is quite possible that we would not like their flavorings today. They used a .variety of spices, wines and seasonings In even their plainest dishes; but as everything was prepared In : (lie home, either under the supervision of the mistress or by her own hands, the mixtures were 4 t ! I.1 XJnpruned and Pruned Berry Bushes-Pl- ant at Right 8hows Bush Properly Pruned Two at Left 8how Bushes Unpruned. I therefore to such people I recommend pewter. In the middle of the table was the famed pruning any time during winter. bowl Here are the quaint directions Christmas Where the winters are severe, or making It: are bent down and each bush pound of Break nine sponge cakes and half ... held down closely to the ground for macaroons In a" deep dlshf pour over one pint protection. I would not recommend raisin wlfte, halt pint sherry. Leave them to pruning these bushes thus protected Sweeten with ' two ounces -- of powdered until the winter Is past, and the buds soak. sugar candy and- pour over one pint and a halt are beginning to start growth. of custard Stick with two ounce aliced almonds Place on a stand and ornament with Christmas EASY WAY OF PROPAGATING evergreens. The tankard with the Christmas brew was put Cut Shoots of New Growth of Currant on the table. and all the sillabubs. Jellies, pickles, Bushes Soon as Leaves Fall-8- 011 lemon tarts, red apples, nuts, the cookies and the 8hould Be Sandy. cherries fresh from the hay. The fireplaces were now blaitfcg. and the red By 8. O. COOKE. Connecticut Experiberries and green leaves of the holly were shim ment Station.) in the light Ing Aa aoon aa the leaves of the currant mistletoe waa waiting for the unwary, and The bushes fall cut the shoots of new smell of the brown turkey, savory stufthe good growth Into lengths four or live Inches and applesauce was. everywhere. .long; bunch as you do asparagus, and, fing Don Their Best Frocks. tie firmly and place in a trench with the small ends down; cover about one After the housewife and her daughters had Inch deep, and the soil should be quite seen to everything they hurried to put on their best flowered silks, with white whims around sandy. If possible. Just before cold weather turn them their necks and the moat secret beautifiert on over and Iqt them remain until spring, their faces. When the cuttings will be in fine shape Then the dinner being nearly cooked, they took (of. planting ouL the little browned pig, raised him gently and put two amall loaves of bread tinder him. and added Prune Trees Gradually. """ ' more wine; an anchovy, a bundle of sweet herbs Never prune young tree, heavily in and a half a lemon was put Into the sauce, which was poured over him hot. They had him sitting smy one year, but do the work gradu Season from aeaeoa. to ally nt hit haunches looking lifelike Then they put the-plan- ts 1 ;l polishing apples. Roasting the Little Pig. The little pig was put before the fire to roast In the dripping pan. In which were three bottles cf red wine for basting a long table,' While the things were spread with tha the length of the room. white linen cloth, napkin, china and sliver or a field should be plowed, the question of whether a great amount of mois-turwill be accumulated by holding the snow that falls than will be dissipated by the growth of weeds is paramount It must be decided by the man on the ground. In answering this question several factors must be considered, namely, the amount of moisture already In the soil that may be lost through weed growth, the prob-abltime before the weeds will be killed by the frost, the possib'ii.tie of e e Increasing thy water but- eoft-cooke- d The Table Decorated. The table Is a picture to cheer the hungry. The large turkey Is at fne end and the pig at tha other end of the long table, with everything they are to eat between, excepting the plum pudding. After the silent grace, which stills the noise for a moment, the carver takes his knife, and with a deliberation born of steady nerves carves under the fire of twenty pairs of eyes. The directions . in Gentlewomans HouseRaise the leg fairly of tha tur wifery says: key and open the Joint with the point of the knife, but do not take off the leg. Then lace down both sides of the breat bone and open the breast pinion, but do not take It off. Then rrlse the Merry Thought between the breast bone and the top of It, and so on till the turkey is boned. While this is being done' the Christmas bowl Is passed. After they are helped to turkey and pig they pass the vegetables and delicacies, and even the mince pie Is eaten when they have the desire for It The Correct Manners. The proper conventions are strictly adhered to. The book of etiquette Bays: A gentlewoman must not lean her elbows on the table, nor by a ravenous gesture discover a voracious appetite, nor talk with her mouth full, nor smack her lips like a pig. The children were kept In order. In all the 4 feast waa decorous, but merry for all that At last, when they have eaten to the extent ot their capacity, the plum pudding, blazing and with a piece ot holly stuck in the top. Is brought in and eaten with brandy sauce. Then the toasta are drunk with the good home-brewewine, and the feast is 4ne. d HISTORY OF CHRISTMAS ' Christmas, originally Cristes masse (the masa-o- church festival of Christ"), is the English name for the season in which the birth of Christ It la apparent, however, that is commemorated. a festival was celebrated at this season long it was held sacred aa the birthday of Jesus ot Nazareth. The Saturnalia ot the Romans and the winter festival ot the heathen Briton were both celebrated about December 25; and later, the Roman festival in honor of the sun god. Mithrn (instituted 273 A. D) From the latter the day became to be known ns the Birthday ot the Unconquered Sun; and after its adoption by the ' Christian church In the fourth century at the anniversary of Christ's birth, this name was given n symbolic interpretation. A study of the customs associated with this period also reveal a heathen. If not Invariably 'a solar, origin. The lighting of the Tule log (in buche de Noel) on Christmas eve, once a widea function of spread European custom, ia or was ' such predominant importance among the Lithuanians and Letts that their words for Christmas eve literally signify "Log evening.- sports of the "Lords of Misrule" in England are thought to be an Inheritance from the Saturnalia. The decoration of churches with the once aacred mistletoe and holly la a e pagan-surviva- l r au-rag- e in the Importance of these factors Is considered In Department Bulletin No 253, The Effect of Different Times of PlowStubble In Eastern ing Small-graiColorado." The major portion of the " bulletin Is given to a description of the time of plowing for spring wheat, but ia as applicable to oats and corn. The experiments were performed at Akron (Colo.) field station, but the deductions are general and useful ' result the entire great plaint Serve original content- - of eggshells In omelet throughout area. with the ham. It waa found that there was a wider Hide one persons gifts In bookcase, paper In variation .... egg io read: faliand winter, when .the moisture - - if yoa are either wise or smart should be stored, than during the growYoull find me In a hurry. ing months. Rains in August and early Among gifted people I now dwell; September Invariably produce a 8o hunt, dont sit and worry. growth of weeds, which usually exFrost King and Snowballs. haust the valuable moisture supply. As this Is the time for the clever woman ot The loss of moisture which has penethe family to devise some unique way of die trated to a greater depth than three tributing Christmas gifts, she may decorate the Inches, after the weeds are dead In tha living room with evergreens, holly and mistle- fall and before growth starts in the toe, and then place in one corner a table covered spring. Is almost negligible. Either with a white cloth, hidden from view by a screen from land fall plowed or from that covof generous size. On this table Is placed snow- ered with stubble light precipitation balls These snowballs, made of white cotton evaporates unless It falls ss snow, batting and tied with white robbon, contain each which Is blown Into drifts until a condesignated present and are heaped In a pyra- siderable quantity has accumulated. mid,, thus obtaining a mass of snowballs of As ten inches of light snow are equivavaried size. The pile is scattered freely with lent to only one inch of rain, and tons diamond dust In order to give It an attractive inch of rain penetrates the soil to a sparkle. If there Is a amall boy In tha house ha depth of six Inches, It will be readily may be dressed as a Frost King, In a costume of seen that snows of one to two Inches white wadding, sprinkled with diamond duat; supply a very small amount of moisleaves and holly berries can be sewed here and ture, a greater part of which will be there upon the robe. At a given signal the screen lost by evaporation. Every effort is remove, disclosing the tiny Frost King, who, should be made, therefore, to conserve with a few words of Christmas greeting, gathers the moisture which falls either while the snowballs into a pretty baskeL and as each the crop la on the land or while the ball bears a small tag he finds no difficulty In land Is lying idle distributing the gifts to those assembled. Early fall rains will be used by A Holly Pie. weeds unless the land is cultivated. winter snows may occur, but A novel way of distributing Christmas gifts Heavy on Christmas morning is to make a big pie In they are likely to blow off the fields the center of the table of holly branches, and ar- unless there is either stnbble or aa range It so the gifts can be easily drawn from uneven surface to hold them. The time under 1L Each gift must be tied with a narrow and method of cultivation, then, should red ribbon and one end lead to each place at be planned to prevent weed growth the table. This is great fun, and of course every- and still leave the soil or stubble In one is anxious to see who gets the most rib- such a condition that It will hold th bons. the lucky one being declared the most popu- maximum snow. However, the period when labor is available will also be lar. The pie is not opened until end of an important factor in determining the time of plowing. When labor Is A Christmas Trail. scarce, cultivation other than plowing One member of the family should take done charge of the gifts, and when the coast is clear should Which will kill weeds and can be this If to. resorted be lay the trail with them In all of the available rapidly may on tie stubble the leaves cultivation downstairs rooms Start from a tiny Christmas surface or leaves the surface rough tree on the living room table by to It to hold the snow, it may be of even a card for each person, marked, fastening for example, greater value than plowing. Disking thua: Card No. I, father. Loo: for card No. 2 or In the fall are the methods In umbrella stand In halL" In the stand he will mostlisting commonly used. find a package tagged In this manner; "Card No. 2. father. Look for card No. 3 In your hat In hall TUBERS closet. The third card will be found on gift SELECTION OF SEED in the spot designated, -i- tb further Instructions, which are followed on to tbe next, until all hla Experiments in Great Britain Show presents come tc light Everyone pursues hla or Tha Beat Results Are Secured ber trail at once, and a merry scene of confusion From Immature Tubers. Is the result These card may be beprepared forehand. and no difficulty will be The prevailing opinion - among experienced If. in placing-theach la trail gifts, finished before growers regarding the condition the starting to lay another The last cards should potato crop should be In when harvestthe direct the family to their places at the dining ing the tubers for seed la that room table, where they will find It as or. dead. should be souveplants amusing nirs of the occasion. termed, quite ripe, and that the crop j Cobweb Method. should not be lifted until a fall of rui ' A rather novel and entirely Inexpensive way haa occurred. so of distributing Christmas However, experiments for gift. Is to employ the that show cobweb method. Suspend g rope diagonally years past In Great Britain while across the room, over which the stats, an Immature seed in dug may always cross, each string tty be labeled at Its strings source with the plants are quite green, the name of the member ot the yield. most satisfactory or the gives the friend for whom It la Intended. A family sheet can be hung across one end of the room, Fruit and. Poultry. . hiding the gifts for w,ndln the J?1 !!eW. Dtil A profitable combination on a Let strings. onc-1- 1 SiLb5B lng necessary to farm within easy reach of a good beginning, of the string, where the ket Is fruit and poultry. Hens to co tUChed' ThU fford consider- well require a liberal range that sue to the ,houW run tains bushes or trees enough under beds, over transoms ply partial shade. They also rtqiW a and even out of doors. If possible. a P . variety of green stuff, with comhiuauoa. a Such of hi sects A,hu of L,th!ve,etnenl mrery contained kling In there la the added which may be easily supplied by Pl4nn pour. atuche. ,o thoae thing, which have value been reaiu land to fruit and Inclosing It orned hreugh one a own efforts. try netting wtra. n r a red apple In hla mouth, which, alaa! he could never eat, and garnished him with holly. At last the company came, the mistress pre serving a calm exterior, but with an Inward anxiety lest something' be btirned or spilled at tha last moment When all is ready the beaming host says, Friends, will thee Join us In the Christmas feast T And with great .dignity he leads them, with the guest of honor on his arm, followed by tbs older people and the children. In soil by holding the snow that may come, the- danger of aoil bio zing if the stubble and weeds are removed, and the distribution of f&rin labor. The eggs without any menter, ham and tion of gifts. At each place have an eggeup or saucer, on which yon put an egg. the contents having been the removed previously through a small hole-iend; partly, fill with sand, and -- let each contain a small paper with a suggestion in poetry of where or bow to find their gifts. As each person thinks he Is cracking his egg he finds the puzzle Inside. Much merriment and good cheer will be tha Mines Meat Reclpa. e - - u SlrtTn1 " 'la- Ji tc c th at w ei Si w T win-te- When the family Is all present at breakfast The rich plum pudding and cakes were made early In the fall and put away to mallow and Not the least to be considered were the green decorations Ground pine for festoons and wreaths, mistletoe to hang, and holly everywhere were the necesaitlea. When Christmas morning came the excitement waa at the highest pitch. The housewife, her daughters and her malda were up early. The brick oven waa heated and the.mlnce plea put In. The turkey waa dredged with flour and put on the spit, with a small unwilling child to watch and turn It as It browned. , Another child was set to cracking nuts and (TEg start to serve the meal of coffee, bread and Everything was turned to account In the season with a view to future use, so In this way preparations for the holiday were going on long before the dsy. In cherry time, a supply was carefully packed In hay and kept for Christmas. Tha Christmas cookies, with coriander seeci In them, were baked alx months before and kept In an earthenware Jar In the cellar. n tfi, time of plowing. No dependence can be placed on a heavy precipitation In August and September, yet tt fre quently occurs. As moisture is considered the most Important factor in crop production In the great plains area. Its conservation is the primary object in cultivation. Stubble, weeds, and uneven ground are common means of retaining snow and holding a large part of the r precipitation. In deciding when Hidden In Egg Shells. wholesome. 6ti vans-tlo- n precipt-tatlo- LL gifts, carefully marked, should be one consigned the day before to the must she and purchase a in, charge, and clothespins of clothesline quanity The line should be stretched back and forth across the living room, and each gift, wrapped In tissue paper and tied with red ribbons, should be fastened to the Uhe by a clothespin, decorated with wings of red and green paper. w In the bay window a table should be arranged on which Is placed a "Jack Horner" pie, containing a Christmas souvenir for each member of the family. The ribbons attached to the packages In the pie should be carried up to a hollydecorated hoop suspended over the table, each ribbon tagged with the name of the one for whom It Is' Intended. When the "family wash haa been taken down each person seeking his or her own gift they gather around the pie, and at a signal - pull out their plums. Christmas season brings to mind the many Christmas days gone by, with their fobr great feature turkey, cranberry sauce, plum pudding JA - MTSEWBPP HiS Compared.- - The average yields of spring crop such as wheat, oats, and corn m th great plalna area, from spring and from fall plowing, show that the blind following of a- role prescribing any .particular time of plowing might cause a reduction a a often aa It does an In the yields. The great in the time and amount of In this region must be const ain MDonr QOE03G ripen. The mincemeat waa then made, the recipe for which waa recently found In an Old Philadelphia cookbook. W copy all but the apelllng: "Four pound veal, four pounds auet, two pounds rI- Ins, one pound currants, six apples, some rose water and sack half a pound, no more of sugar, three-fourth- s pound cloves, mace, nutmeg and cinnamon, some candled orange peel, lemon peel, citron and blanched almonds. They made a puff paste for their pies different from ours. One recipe called for flour, one pound butter, ten eggs and some milk or water. Some housewtvee made their winter supply rf mince pies before Thanksgiving and reheated them before using. For the lemon tarts, the lemons had to be flrat soaked in salt water for two days. Then every day for fourteen days they were put Into fresh cold water. When they were made, applet, oranges and sugar were added. A few days before Christmas the mistress went to market, the maid carrying tha basket She would get her turkey, cranberries, celery, oysters, and a little pig for roasting whole. The day before Christmas the real excitement began. The stuffing waa made, and such stuffing!' Bread crumba, beet auet, liver, lemon peels, nutmeg savory, pepper, salt, cream and egga. The little pig, only four or five weeks old, waa filled to bis utmost capacity with mashed potatoes or Fall and Spring Plawlng Is MSQJTOKkS ME (SMS applet. ' Be Plowed mm mm , s Van on the Ground Mdst Decide QUM. tlon of Time When Field Should - P s t 0 t) |