Show pitr m titi r II I i I II C or 0 the Worlds Longest runlet A ic It i t I I MIDNIGHT on rn Thursday ot of AT A this Ihl wk rUail John U n In tin till ord th Ih New subway ot or th Ih the greatest pro 1 w carried lo to completion by b th Ih the WaIn and nd hand of formally Opened O to UtI Lii public Within 24 4 hour houll Of the op It U It I estimated that over sit t i million milIon people made mede use uee u of th the it to 10 f let t to lo and from th lr work i week Its It capacity cp Uy of a million i day das dI will be b taxed tailed to th Ih the utmost t The MIl h triumphant outcome of title Ibl plan pun begun only four tour yean ago afo 0 bt be b bot beo of ot o at this time to the Iho theos os I of It U II la true that th the h problems of the one city are tot not those thol of at 0 i he ma other othor and Ind irn that Iha the ob lib tn In n the way wa of New Nw York and ancl O b tm i mining hud to 10 lie be h carried on At AI In this parts of ot th hill hili uptown which reaches reach from One On Hundred lIun end and street tri to Fort Port the lb Ih la Ii I WO JOO 00 test fet below the he cur tur curas ur race as and half hAlt a dozen down do en shafts haIe wore we sunk unk In III different parts parti of or the rook man mu In order to 10 the work below A shift shaft WM was sunk at AI One Hundred and Ind street and md another at atOne atall atOn One all On and trem and ond from the Ih bottom bollom of ench ech of ot them hem tunneling vent ent lIt on In Irl both directions direction until the Ih workmen joined one on n another by through the rock between hetWIn In many meny mil II localities where It wee WAI found impossible on account of the enormous of ai ap a on lower Broadway o use uie the Ih cut ut and cover system tm In building the thi subway the subcontractors were ware r ordered to 10 have hIve their men diN dig dl In underneath like ilk moles mol and this wi was done don without a single Inri ac nc accident For linn months montI lower sy as wai was walked over by b million AJ AI F i it i m i mi l i j i i ii ij j From this Ihl building thousands thousand of wires wired and cables reach reich to 10 the Ih various attrib attributing distributing along the route of the th un uti underground road Tie Tb lighting and nd power systems m have been kept entirely separate anti and out oue devices device prevent the lh possibility of electric flashes nh about aboul the Ih cars car carsa a a Several hundred hun red Inspectors appointed under unar civil service rules tul every ounce of at material ma In till titi construction of ot the subway find and audited All iii Di Ih the bIlls bill These Th inspectors further furthermore more In addition to III the Ih ma ins material tend demer d visited the works wards w r of the Ute manufacturers at al frequent tr fIU nt interval and I i d the material as II It was WI IK he I Ing In made mild Record of 0 nil all kinds In tn Including eluding countless photograph were WI taken of ot every frY bit of u sa soon awn soona as II a It ii Will was tested find and so 0 perfect was wu this Ihl phase of 01 the I hp work that een even to A Atar 1 tar lar of cement ment It was WIll possible to trace tr tnt Its it makers maker name nam the Die nettle A UL t f y n n OY n H n OPENED OCTOBER EVENT IN N AMERICAN TRANSPORTATION TRAN 1 JM I a I I L p j i g r 4 tJ 1 li S Sl l WAY Ii rt 7 I j J I I The Tho above an tin accurate picture II of nf ono OM of the tho entrances to the new subway Y the t e opening of which occurred I Itin on tin Ort Oct 27 VI Tim Fhe building of ot this tube II Is ono one of ot the greatest engineering fonts feats In the tho world orld constituting the long 1 I flit act single I In iii 11 I l AA o V ITI subway are entirely t I It f i i Dot on one nr It ir tun hs dune Iune tue Other Cin en cm dA dANni d Nc w in nrc to r rp ap th Ih tile rt rf war I f fi i tour four yearn of f patient A I d t ff g lu Ing IlK nil 1111 u ii of that bet t titHe time most l been n nit r ih lb n i ui have I it vou 1 Their meet earn cars anti and antiI I OIK K i tt II I bren iwen ren slung lulI In tO the air Uric III f v U i ii U i II 11 park t 1 dumping ground anti lr CIlIK cata I Ight I day tl it l 4 h t ot of litti lift 1111 th IIII NUb a 0 anti tid hl roud with hr y ni are sery Iry f of Ih II Ii lit W IV I 1 go throuGh r II the ii 11 v fl l el St vine over II to lo s t tI t t th thIt hI I It I itt liB bat 1 tn lit hr rt to 0 lIf begin ln to 10 rive 1 1 rid t an 1111 I lIa of 01 Iho I m gt 1 lii Ihl U 11 j itt III z II wk tk 10 i if t til V and hon tet 11 th lPh I II A i un Nn I overlook f 1 lr r I f h I Ii I earl tint has hOM I it II i t r of 01 tit tl rN 11 It tIit tI J it II III a t I In t I 0 of Wm tit tilt bl bit I W ii r f tile steel I F 1 Jh It lug I III l 1 ti I II fl tt r th Ih I II I lii uny lany pus rill t IC V the t it It I n a iah hJ Il fl IIII tre hll its not nott I r f 11 I or P PI t 1 J I t H l I ot H II a a i to In t tit III l 1 Li II h work hAt has hAtH H 1 II tr r III Ii I j i t r construe 1 It t I I tar far 1 Ibm I In ever M be fr kow 11 lit thu IbI y f 11 far farM faras M as IV t te re el d It tU III I i nit hen the first no II liv f lb h ul IU worn oft IB ft a 1 honor and credit 1 t tJ 1 ell V ik 1 thun the building of this m I ill rh It lies Ite In the starling business t t 1 R Ii y 1 that his has characterised every ever BI CI l i t t III Its nI nIn pr tre Tl Ti r has been no skimping no tin tint noi i t KII gl K g to 0 the hard and fast tilt j I 1 tl tJ of f the contract matte mall by byJ 1 J 11 i McDonald with the th city It This ir r 1 t I called ralle for rails t I r th IF operation of ot the cars and IDO ji nl 1 rails rail have havi been provided i r I 1 ut The original for tor fi I nt nl Wal W as and r f i ii 18 s been already alreed expended on 0 ui this thu th t n alone which inclusive of tub lb colt coat coatI i instruction brings the total coil Il tib f t iii work a all a It U no Ia computed overs a distance of II l I UH mile nf fI c 7 subway proper five n ml and It of elevated viaducts viaduct and VI of deep tunnels The Th mah r rII of II track from city cIL hall halt to One On Hundred a pd Fourth street trl Is I eT 17 miles mile long op sad and k all an the way nay following onto oto title tills are Art a system of ot 74 1 and a system of ot 11 S ST T q making a total of o 14 11 miles 1 T IM f track li Is II I TO tG miles milt The Thel l 1 r of the tha which la ii I to be he heV pe f V the public for traffic next n t 11 tira II J I of ot the four track r jt c t i I r north M as West f C r rT a I IT T l i i umber timber of other great lIat work works r i I r f s th the greater t cc t i N Yirk Irk system Is II In reality 11 a n rub rUty tv Men been built by b the theu thet It ItI u I t rj r I noi v f p t ig M ned up ami dug due MM sad I 11 1 nt tr 1 I 11 1 MI n to ti the r required d depth and tod andl Ir f 11 i l t u 1 red rd over with heavy s I rl lining 11 the bottom of the ther theT r T j I F ni nh IM T M g Ln n i problem problems overcome OVI I In Int Int t t r inn of this Ibis subway r I fir i 4 ii i iu fly I fir tir the greatest of them thim v i i t of the tinder r t I II c r HIM fl rm n ivor i i r f without U W Uc c T Ii I r i dr ir lr hut by the lb e ly I 11 t 1 n to i nf nt f i clamping lamping tubes and f tip ng n i Ii ni Tit f t Til the th required depth un us 1 t 1 tU M tH td tr with th OIt ie subway Ubon ex cx I on n fl dry Ir land lend Section of ot i t 14 t I i y wit ty built in the th lh form torm of oS t v i i l h It were well closed cios d at each elt end endi It ad adI i Ih h ii A IM light covers overt These Tilt w wise r I I s si I n a s rectangular structure of ot Iran Den sad and concrete sunk unk to th the river bit bet t torn tom it and bolted boiled to lo t advancing Mh tun U tuna n Dt t a a alit In lit certain parts parti of the rout actual J 1 k I r of 0 l Plot not one GOt of 01 whom vel had hadan hadan an sn Inkling that almost be ben auth n h his hi feet stretched a great hole 10 ft rt deep d I p The whole subway nAge tube Is I surrounded by lIy b an at entirely 1111 rely novel ceil t tt designed lo to obviate th this vantages attendant in on cuts many or of which link leak badly Top Tol To sides anti and bottom of this thin subway ore con can constructed ot of concrete and waterproofing In alternate ly 1 r lucail In a it rums work of atri beanie The roof Is sup lun supported posted ported by b tel steel pillar not more than tin live Set feet apart alien anti and set let In ro roIn r rows In the concrete of tho he top to and the bot bottom torn tom Th The of ot M tM tut tul e docs dooc away aw entirely with the problem of or ant arti artificial ventilation l air c Hi lb Hiat at the station In entrances to t keep keen the tunnel fresh and sweet and th the ruth rush of or ran will keep kte this air constantly In lii motion It II Is when we WI get eel to a 1 survey of the figures of ot material used In the construction lion tion work that Ihal we realize r something of at ofUs Us its II Immensity Over Or tons Ions of ot structural steel have hal been blen placed ed In III position And the Ih specification specIfications calling collinI for an ultimate strength lh of from to pounds per Inch have not nol only been buen h held ld to 10 but actually ex ox exceeded exCeeded There was aim Abo a II requirement that thul every bar of this Ihla steel should un on undergo dergo derro the te lost t of nt being heln bent I cold coM umi act tut lint Hat on Itself without sign of fracture on the convex side aldo Th The largest In the world has haa Isa hn erected to 10 supply tho the motive molln laer ower for tor the new ne system The build building building ing ng stands Mauds between anti and streets and Eleventh and Twelfth avenues and Is I In Itself a It stupendous work not by b any In means overshadowed even en by b the subway aubR Thi Tho machinery consists of eleven engines each of at horse horno power and seventy two boilers of ot horse horH po er For the purpose e of ot sustaining the weight of ot tho tue great reat building build InK and Its lIa enormous plant In safety tho the foundation I tion was carried down to lo bedrock I N j f fot of ot Inspector In tor who ho nn on it und anti Its It whole record from the time of Its Iti manufacture to Its lie final ut u us device known to 10 modern eel science ence moe ha hn hap bent been be used lied lo to expedite the th Ih work wark It as a strong and Sate litre ns Ci pos possible fri albEit sible Ibl conveyors lull 1111 compressed c aIr drills drill novel forms of ot riveting apparatus a electric dump carts electrically manipulated and dozens of nf other oilier methods wert vere brought I Into Inlo use The Tue contrite contract was nax finished three week ahead of time though up UI until six Ix months ago RIO very er ery tow few professional Ional men believed It would be possible to 10 complete the lie work according a to con Mn contract contract tract stipulations That Thid It WAR VU done Hull Iona no so fit thor thoroughly thoroughly brings us u to In n R consideration of oft t fbi be head anil atul center of I tie lie operations John II the llie titan man who built buill the nUll ruid to whose Individual Pluck Mild ami genius genlue New Kew York clearly owes the successful completion of the work a When Shii the plans anti and specifications were published there were ver only two bidders bidder The conditions demanded demand were hard And small eln men inca were we frightened Mr rr McDonald however was wa not 1101 one of ot these lie examined the papers with K gerat rut rare core and then came to 10 the front and offered oferd to 10 build the tha road for IW 35 ThIs Thin bid bitt being the Ihl lowest WAS waa accepted The Thc figure named astonished every engineer of note In th the United mates tates and and ond they openly o enly declared that he lie hall hail made n II great grent er error ere mr and placed pd the cost of construction nt at an nn Impossibly small email sum sumA sumA A bond of oC was demanded August AUKust Helmont who knew McDonald and had every elory confidence In him or organized a n company ami furnished the tha money mane The city then loaned for fer tho the work stork of construction the amount to lo be repaid with uth Interest and the entire subway to revert lo to the city at the Hie end of fitly fifty years during whIch time lime the company Is 18 to hive have the tho use ue nf ot it No such Ruch advantageous term ns as these thelie were wen ero over before made mad by b a I municipality for tor similar work j j jI I H I I LONGEST tUNNELS IN WORLD 1 r Mutt Miles New N Tork To Transit H Hilet ilet It London 11 1 t M 12 MSt 4 t i St It Ml 3 F 1 Paris 11 Underground Itt H J 1 Mont Moal TH 74 7 1 T j B AO O AUstria S tube hbo London 6 f 1 H Hi J Jr i r Mi n 4 j nd IW OJ i I Ic C Boston Doon n itom 14 lit 2 f fi i if j Unit at Northern RR Rn I 2 H i iX J JN JYo X New N w Yo C I 3 Ir I IJ 4 r J AMt I II Iu X u I tall n I X I Ivanhoe o 3 I of 4 f fX X lamia Canada 1 I X j I HH H Hi HiTh v f The Th difficulties In the th rood road of con etin might WIll well have III n man Mare re than yards 11 of o had to be he dug out and slid II of 0 mck blasted anti and carried away Nearly mn IllIn tn killed and un on 4 were near for tor th the construe ion of the tile subway but through all the the Ih chiEf actor n never vr fil hi or feared frt J He lie has hai 11 ghen In dp IIII Lii every IV of his hll wak Wilk waking WilkIn tag ing In hours hour to the problems problem In solved and sni has pr personally been ben many tImes over every fry yard ard of the rout route During all cli 11 of 01 the till four years ho has hns never permitted himself lt to 10 make moke a pro pre fro that ws wa w not horn borne out antI and ani fi n finally naU tally nally aU at the th very ery tr moment lit when even een v vats beginning to bo be he h the Ih directors of ot the company and anti the city official by that in tour our months the uld be opened to 10 th lh public Mr McDonald U ii I 60 years ear old with magnificent phy iiii 1111 ability to 10 endure all sorts of or I IH H til I hardships He lie wax was a born bom In Ireland h 1 I 1541 14 H and Ind Will wee brought to title this 1111 country tires three years lIn later his hi father l H II peasant lit coming tn to Next York Yorkus IS us an emigrant seeking work For I or years luring hurbig his hlA younger life the boy bo earned 5 rents cents nod and M I 1 a ilay In lit the rock cut tut ul of ot oth tho h Hudson railroad and learned to o 0 read and write In a free school hool that Ais ita aA supported by h private benevolence I I There h L ben been attacks atta ata Jf Ti without egInit the subway project It was and limes Mr HUH has u been en charged with bud bid faith Ilith awl ami with having the that hut he could not no I the tho york ork h had hat undertaken JIll Hut he has haB never replied to o A n stogie single criticism and cud even Iven now flow ith Ills his hi splendid triumph on him Ilm he lie refuses reIned to talk about illY thin except empt the ha ho hom rae m asked naked n II count couple of days ago age to break lil lie us long lone and sos say JIlt something for I l I publication ho he replied Them IB In nothing like hike the tha New e ew York subway In th the World and t I Sin nip proud of th Ih the work 1 t dont think I 1 would feel any In prouder If I w Will r president of the United It may Ina be well to say laY that Hint had It not been II for tor or two Iwo years yearn of ot Ibor labor conditions hitherto unknown lit itt this the subway would Have been more moi n titan a year ago listing Having shoveled and blasted bla lell tills tuis four fohr track SI 1 feet teet wide will under unde the mo moat t crowded 1 parts of 01 New XI York with the foundations t of tall buildings on either side Ride of u J ii anti and tangled miles of or titer Itter maths sewers steam Rait pipes anti and all kinds of |