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Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS. RANDOLPH, UTAH DAIRY HINTS Problems Face Engineer in Spending Road Money Tw distinct problems confront the highway engineer who must spend highway revenues in the best interest of the taxpayer. One, to salvage the oid pavements with s view to utilizing as large a proportion of the original investment as possible; and, second, to construct new pavements at the most reasonable cost consistent with service and durability. There are In the United States d nearly 400,000 miles of highways, and of this total at least 100,000 miles consist of water-boun- d macadam pavements. It is little short of an economic crime to dig up these old macadam pavements and replace them with an entirely new pavement, thus Ignoring the excellent foundation value of the old macadam. The material in these old pikes has been compacted under years of traffic to a degree of stability which could hardly be approached by entirely new construction. During the process of compacting the weak places, both in the subgrade and in the pavement, will have been shown up so that repair and replacement can be intelligently conducted without sacrifice of those portions of the old pavement which When it is are in good condition. considered that the stone or gravel constitute by far the heaviest portion of a pavement, the saving, in the cost of quarrying, transporting and placing this great mass of material becomes an item well worth while. For conserving these old macadam pavements an asphaltic wearing course is ideal. The second problem, tbat of providing new pavements. Involves the consideration of a very wide range of highway method and design. A few city types of years back the pavement were regarded as beyond the reach of the country road builder because of their great cost That was in the days when a $5,000 to $10,000 per mile outlay was regarded as quite liberal. Today the county highway which costs less than $30,000 per mile is either regarded as a shining example of extreme economy or Is relegated to the ranks of the cheaper Now when we go into cost types. levels such as these we are scarcely - abreast of the city paving types and it is entirely practicable for the farmer to drive from the market to town on a Fifth avenue or Broad street type of pavement and pay no more 'for It than he is now paying for other tyoes of country roads. 'As a matter offset, the famous Lackawanna trail Us mostly composed of sheet asphalt on a Portland cement base and compares favorably with the best pavements in the best cities. Few state highway engineers have had any experience with city paving, as curiously enough there have been very few city engineers who have been placed at the head of state highway departments, hard-surface- ! Guard Lincoln Highway With Surface of Asphalt Highway engineers in charge of construction in sections of the country traversed by the Lincoln highway are paving new stretches of this great thoroughfare in accordance with the latest and most improved road bulld-- ' ing methods by protecting ths concrete base with a surface of asphalt Particularly is this true of the section which crosses New Jersey and over which tourist traffic passes into New York city. Early construction of more than $600,000 worth of additional pavement on the highway between Trenton , and Princeton, a distance of 11 miles, has just been authorized by the New Jersey state highway commission. This pavement will vary in width from 20 to 36 feet, and will be sur-- ! faced with sheet asphalt in order to give it resilience against traffic impact . ana make it frostproof and moisture-proof- . The section which extends from News Brunswick to Metuchen, N. J, was repaved with asphalt this season, while that between Rahway and N. J., whs repaved with the same material last year. Eliz-'abet- Tree Tops Help Judging Road Over Hill Crest Many motorists hesitate to pass another car when approaching the crest of a hill, fearing still another ma- -' chine may be approaching from the other side, whereas the road at the top may ba level. To make sure that the highway does not dip down beyond 'the summit it Is only necessary to note 'whether there are any trunks of trees visible 100 feet or so away. If these can be seen when climbing jthe hill, the top of an approaching car could also be seen, and it is safe to assume that the road is level ait the top and that no harm can result 'from passing around the car ahead. Prevent Depreciation Clover Failures Serious Problem of Farm Implements g Device to Prevent Cow From Sucking Herself It Is annoying to say the least when a cow contracts the habit of robbing her own dairy and how best to stop the vice is a problem. In some instances where a cow shows a marked shrink in milk and is not seen to suck herself we have found that the robbing was being done by a calf, or even a yearling, on pasture. The usual treatment in such a case is to put a spiked halter on the robber calf, says a writer in the Successful Farming. Such a contrivance is objectionable in that Injuries to the udder may result. The better plan is to prevent the thieving calf from getting at the cow. In another Instance campers on the lake at the far side of the farm were doing the robbing, so investigation is necessary in all such cases. When a cow sucks herself there are various methods of prevention, each of which has Its advocates. We have often had good results from simply putting an old horse collar upside down on the cows neck. A "necklace of pointed lath or small pickets as Shown in the illustration proves effective. It is made as follows: Take six pieces of round, light wood about twelve inches long and one and one-haInches in diameter, or pieces of strong lath of similar length, and with small cord passed through holes bored lf "Necklace Prevents Cow From Herself. Suck-In- g in the round sticks, or tied around the laths, weave them to form an open fencelike necklace to be placed around the cows neck and secured there by tying together the free ends of the cords. When the cow turns to suck herself the sticks will prevent. Another good plan is to place a strong halter on the neck and a surcingle around the body just behind the elbows. .Then put a snap-hoo- k in one end of a piece of fork or broom handle and a ring in the other. Now snap the hook into the hanging ring of the halter, pass the stick between the forelegs and attach the ring in its end to the surcingle, or pass the rope or strap of the surcingle through the ring of the stick This will stop but not prevent eating. A simpler plan is to put a bull ring in the cows nose and hang another ring from the first one. That usually works well. If not, then put a common straight bridle bit in the mouth and hold it loosely in place by means of a halter. One man suggests greasing the teats with lard and then sprinkling freely with red pepper. That discourages the cow from sucking herself or being sucked by a calf. A somewhat cruel preventive measure is to put some hog rings in the cows lips and the latest suggestion, which we do not care to recommend, is to put the rings in the tip of the cows (Prepared by the United State Department of Agriculture.) Clover failure is one of the most serious problems at present confronting the farmer in many of the clover sections. With continuous .cropping and the consequent reduction of the fiumus and plant food in the soil the difficulty of growing red clover is greatly Increased. This condition must be met and solved, since the loss of red clover or its equivalent from the rotan tion leads rapidly to a farm and unprofitable crop yields. Causes for Failure. .The farmer who is contemplating seeding a field to. clover in the spring may well look to the suitability of that particular field for the growing of clover before sowing the seed. There are many-factosay the clover men of the United States Department of Agriculture, which are responsible for the failure of securing or maintaining a stand of clover, but these factors may be placed in five groups: Soil exhaustion. improper seeding methods, nurse crops, etc. ; unfit seed ; diseases ; and improper treatment the first aurun-dow- rs, tumn. Clover fails more often; according to the opinion of these men, because soils have become poor in lime, phosphorus, potash, or organic matter than for all other reasons. If lime is badly needed, there is no use wasting clover seed. If phosphorus is the limiting factor, the addition of lime alone, even if the land Is sour, Will have slight effect. Manure will (jo good more often than anything else, hut when lime is needed the results from manure will be much greater after this need has been supplied than before. By making the soil conditions such as favor the growth of clover failure can nearly t always be turned to success. Crop for Improving Soil. Where red clover cannot be grown, without the addition of lime or other soil amendments, and where, the application of these is for any reason impracticable, alsike clover should first be substituted for red clover, or it may be possible to grow mammoth clover for soil Improvement after common red clover will no longer thrive, and by turning under the mammoth clover the soil may be restored to a condition in which it will produce a stand of red clover. .. J Substitute for Milk Is Favored for Young4 Calf self-sucki- one-fourt- one-ha- lf lf lf Formula to Treat Garget herd. Hours of Man and Horse Labor to Produce Crops It requires ten hours of man labor and ten hours of horse labor on the average to produce an acre of hay. An acre of silage corn requires five times as many hours of man labor and six times as many hours of horse labor for Its production as does an acre of hay. Potatoes and cabbage each require ten times as many hours of horse labor, while small grains such as oats, wheat, barley, rye and buckwheat require two times as many man hours and three times as many horse hours Unpopular Habits. Those new neighbors of ours arent as an acre of hay. liked very well, Whats the trouble? The woman puts on airs and her Profitable Dairying Is Secretary Wallace told the AmeriBoscan Automobile association that by the husband tries to whistle them. Based on Alfalfa Crop end of 1923 approximately 179,000 ton Transcript. Profitable dairying is based upon f will milee-'ohave been desigroads cases because conin alfalfa many Joke. Imported nated as part of the federal aid highsiderable protein and lime are needed Your wife needs s holiday Doctor all to be UP 5, May said, way system. in milk production For high projbut three states had submitted tenta- at the Spa. Indeed I Pd like cows grain is needed even ducing to Husband you tive systems for approval and the t could get a brand new when alfalfa Is fed, but the feeding systems of 33 states had been ap- know that less than she costs me for of alfalfa will reduce tba grain wife far for a of total 105,406 proved, comprising Boston tepnirs. Transcript .miles, Improved Highways Will Spread Over All States ' Best Plan Is Proper Housing of Machines in Winter. Difficulty of Growing Crop Increased by Reduction There are two kinds of implement Earning Poorer of Pure ' of Plant Food, depreciation, namely, depreciation due Bred Higher Than Scrub While there Is no substitute for milk In the feeding of young, growing animals, a mixture has been devised by the United States Department of Agriculture on which calves will thrive. During the first and second weeks feed whole milk. The third and fourth h weeks replace of the whole milk with gruel made as follows: finely ground corn, 50 parts; oilmeal, 15 parts; finely ground rolled oats, 15 parts ; dried blood flour, 10 parts ; skimmllk powder, 10 parts and salt, part. Stir up in warm water at the rate of one pound of meal to nine pounds of water. - The fifth week use gruel and whole milk in equal parts. By the seventh week the gruel may be fed exclusiveto ly at which time one and one-hatwo pounds of meal mixed with water will make a days feed. Any signs of scours must be followed at once by a reduction in feed. The use of grain and hay is recommended with tongue. The plan of splitting the gruel at the same rate as for calves the cows tongue for a distance of fed milk. one and one-hato two inches from Its tip has of recent years been im- Pastures Benefit From proved upon by trained veterinarians who perform the operation according Application of Manure to modern methods of surgery and in Five to eight loads of manure to the such a way as to prevent undue suf- acre applied to the old pasture will fering and Insure against infection. be found a good practice on many On most farms there comes farms. a period in the year when the manure Given cannot be applied to cultivated land, Superior in Cow with the result that too "often It is allowed to pile up in the barnyard Garget often causes considerable loss where it rots so rapidly that much of in the herd. When an animal Is found its value Is lost before It is finally to be suffering from this trouble she should be milked after the remainder spread. It Is at time that the applicaof the herd, as the disease may be car- tion to the this pasture is likely to prove ried on the hands. After milking, the In this way, the farmer hands should be washed with a good profitable. immediate results from the apgets disinfectant. Milk from the diseased plication; he gets all the value there quarters should not be milked on the Is, while if It is left in the pile, half floor, but into a pall and disposed of. of the plant food may be lost cows suffering from It may be treated with the following mixture, recommended by the Purdue university dairy department. Mix eight ounces of vaseline, eight ounces of wool fat. two fluid ounces belladonna, two fluid ounces extract poke root; warm and mix. Massage udder thoroughly. Feed one tablespoonful of powdered poke root and one tablespoonful of saltpeter three feeds, stop three feeds and continue again if necessary. Diseased cows should be isolated from the rest of the LIVE STOCK FACTS A man with three wives was found guilty the other day. As he married the first 35 years ago. It is evident he never will learn. In common fairness to the lady we suggest that any hen that has laid 300 eggs ought to have a dozen for herself In the straw. to wear when in use and depreciation due to rot and rust when not in use. e Manufacturers of Implements are continually striving to improve their products by putting better material and better workmanship Into the machinery, which lessens wear. With these advantages supplemented with intelligent use and care of the operator, this form of depreciation can be kept to the minimum. The greatest depreciation, however, is the result of rot and rust, which takes place when Implements are left standing in fence comers or in fields exposed to the elements, such as moisture, freezing, thawing and the hot sun. The wooden parts will crack' and warp out of shape while the metal will be destroyed by rust. As a result much labor Is lost in getting the machinery ready the following season and, besides, they will never work as well as they did when they were new, 'The best method of preventing this sort of depreciation is by the proper housing of machinery. The Implement shed should not be made expensive, but should be made with a tight roof, either Inclosed on all sides or open on one side. As soon as the implements are ready to store for the season they should be gone over, bolts tightened and a memorandum made of the parts broken and any other necessary Repairs. Shovels and shears should be removed and sharpened. This work can be done during the winter months when work on the farm is not pressing. The implements will then be ready for use when needed the following season. J. W. Sjogren, Associate Agronomist, Colorado Agricultural College. Based on utility alone apart from breeding or sales value pure bred live stock has an earning power from a third to one-hagreater than scrub stock. The average superiority of pure breds over scrubs for all classes, of farm animals is about 40 per cent Of the principal points in which pure breds excel other stock, the most prominent are: Superiority and uniformity in conformation and type, greater sale value, early maturity, and economy in the conversion of feed into meat, milk, wool, and work. Surplus pure breds are readily salable at satisfactory prices in the majority of cases; but much depends on the breeding and production records and the business ability of the breeder. With rare exceptions, pure bred sire users are satisfied with the quality of the offspring obtained, except that the desire is created in many cases to improve the quality still further. The progeny of pure bred sires has practically a 50 per cent greater sale value than the progeny of sires not pure bred. Pure bred sires of good quality are readily obtainable in the experience of s of the breeders reporting. The principal difficulties are: Paying the price and finding the desirable type, but there is practically unanimous agreement that the results justify the cost The average Increase in financial returns, from live stock raising, traceable to the use of pure bred sires is 48 per cent. Canadas Road Building Is Progressing in West Farmers who are engaged in the sheep industry often forget to dock and castrate their lambs. Live stock men and packers are commission high-grad- Highways are being flung across Canada. Vast agricultural tracts that sprawl out from Winnipeg to the Rockies are becoming a network of roads that stretch like thin white ribbons to the horizon. Canada believes that good roads are a first essential of rapid agricultural and industrial - expansion, writes Edward Jerome Dies In the Illustrated World. The Canadian government, accordingly, has appropriated $20,000,-00- 0 to be used in construction of main highways and market roads. It Is to cover operations for five years. Under the terms provinces Initiate and carry wup the road building, and the Dominion government, on approval of the plans, contributes 40 per cent of the cost. This guarantees standardization of roadways and places only 60 per cent of the expense on the provinces. Results are most gratifying. The general campaign includes international automobile roads which will cement even more closely the trade relations between the United States and Canada. A highway from Ottawa to Sarnia, across the river to Port Huron, where the Victory highway cuts through Michigan, Is being laid out by the Ontario Highway association. This links up with the Lincoln highway, which crosses the Jefferson highway near Ames, la. The Jefferson highway runs from New Orleans to Winnipeg, the trail from the pines to the palms. From Winnipeg a boulevard highway is to stretch to points in North Dakota and Minnesota and across the Another internaMississippi valley. tional road will connect Alberta and Montana. Frequent Cleaning and Repairing Help Harness Frequent cleaning and oiling, and timely repairing, save time and labor and add many years to the life of a harness. Two or three rivets and a piece of wire, while all right in an need to be replaced emergency, promptly by more durable repairs. During the winter, or on rainy days at other seasons, good opportunities are offered to go over the harness and replace stitches which have given away, or repair permanently these riveted splices or other parts which have been temporarily fixed. Many farmers keep a supply of harness repair parts such as concord clips, conway loops, hame clips, trace splicers, repair buckles, buckle repair clips, lower hame clips, hame loops, repair cockeyes, and the like and find they can thus keep their harnesses in good condition at small cost. Scours in Young Calves Caused by Indigestion Ordinary scours in young calves are caused by indigestion. Either your calf has been getting too much milk or the milk is too rich in fat. The best treatment for scours in young calves is to reduce the feed. Do not let the calf have all the milk it will drink, and let it drink several times a day. Give the calf about two ounces of castor oil to clean the bowels. Accumulation of Leaves Shelters Many Insects The accumulation of leaves and rubbish under hedges and in brush land offers ideal shelter for many injurious insects during the winter. Plans should be made to clean these areas up early this winter. Late winter and early spring burning of grass land is not as effective in chinch bug control as fall and early winter. -- It has been found that the feet of the college girl are steadily Increasing In size, but any efficient shoe clerk can easily get around that lf three-fourth- f Docking of Lambs Great Help at Time of Selling staunch supporters of castration and docking of lambs for market purposes and pay more for animals which have received this attention. Castration of lambs is a simple operation and if performed at the proper time the lamb does not mind it and there is little risk attached, says Prof. Phil. A. Anderson, animal husbandry-ma- n at University farm at St. Paul, Minn. The operation should be done when the lamb is ten days to two weeks old; older lambs can be but with more risk. Use any good disinfectant, having hands and d of knife clean. The lower the scrotum is removed and the testicles forced out The spermntlc cord should be drawn out with the fingers and cut off with a knife in a scraping manner in order to prevent excessive bleeding. After the operation' is comIf blowpleted, apply a disinfectant flies are abundant, apply a little clean un-sex- one-thir- man Is less conThe cerned about the number of rooms in his house than whether the garage will bold two cars. The Paris tailor who wants to make knickers the correct dress for evening wear undoubtedly has been bribed by a bunch of golfers. Isnt It possible that herself knew something about vamping? Otherwise how did she land r? Maybe they permitted the former crown prince to go back to Germany just to demonstrate to him how little figure be cuts these days. . One advantage the duck season has ever the deer season is that there is practically no excuse for shooting a man by mistake for a duck. The couple away In the buckboard to ried have descendants now the boat to Paris to get a who ran get mar- who take divorce. Those Americans who have just been awarded $3,000,000 in war claims against Germany probably might to take slightly less for cash. ' Marconi says that Europe will soon be talking to America over the telephone, which means a perpetual busy signal on the United States treasury line. It is an interesting coincidence that every time there is talk about lending-billionto Germany nobody outside of s Berlin ever seems to have beard thing about it any- Eddie Rickenbacker prophesies that all travelers to Europe ten years hence wlll make the trip by air. In case of accident, however, the ocean will stilt be In its accustomed place. Movies of gland operations have recently been taken. Since Doctor all gland transplantations t be "humorous perhaps the new film are Intended for one-recomics. Mayo-declare- s el An airplane manufacturer says that planes can be built to fly twice as fast as those now used, but that there way to get them .back to earth again. Wouldnt running out of fuel have some effect? Is-n- Gunners on the Maryland approached the miraculous when they sent a projectile weighing a ton pine tar. Lambs tbat have not been docked through the bullseye of a target six American gunners-makpresent a poor appearance when mar- miles distant the records. keted, but the main reason for docking is that lambs on summer pasture The fact that an old couple in Lonoften scour. Such conditions invite the blow-fl- y and maggots and often the don were wedded at the respective-ageand ninety-on- e of eighty-eiglamb is lost prompts the opinion that while marriages may not be made in heaven Breeding Ewes Require some of them are contracted close by. e s Exercise During Winter One very Important factor in wintering breeding ewes is to see that they get plenty of exercise. Lack of exercise is one of the causes of weak lambs. When it can be arrangedT at least a part of the roughage should be fed in the field at some distance from the barns or the shed and the ewes should be out every day that the weather is fair. In fact, for best results, the ewe should have the equivalent of at least a mile of exercise each day. In sheltering ewes, protect them from cold rains and driving storms. Many people make the mistake of not housing their ewes until they have become wet or until practically all damLow temperaage has been done. ture in the bam or shed is not serious so long as the sheep are dry under foot and over head. Have ventilation without strong drafts. Danger lies in having a barn too warm and damp. Hard Luck With Pigs Traced to Improper Feed College students, says a California professor, are better equipped to deal with the actual conditions of life than any other class of people. And we should be inclined to measure their capacity by the extent ' to which they do not agree with him. Europe admits that her affairs need straightening out by a nation whose position Is that of a critical observer rather than an emotionalistic sympathizer. The most eminent doctors, wfien members of their own families nre in danger, call in outside physicians. Salt Lake City Firms assure prompt service and quick returns to these advertisements mention the name of this paper. T A BARBER IN EIGHT WEEKS Write Holer Barber Col., 114 Resent St & L. BUSINESS COLLEGES hard L. D. B. BUSINESS COLLEGE. great deal of the luck with young pigs soon after far- School of Efficiency. AH commercial branches. Catalog free. SO N. Main St.. Salt l.afcc City. rowing can be traced directly to BOOK8AND8HORTSTORIE8 feeding and in most cases to overfeeding of the sows. Just because DAniC Any book you want by mail, C. O. I a sow seems hungry just after farrow- DUUfU Deseret Book Co. M East So. Temple ing is no indication that she should FURS BOUGHT A er receive feed. CTIDC We pay highest market price for fur liberal supply of water should-alwayrUAJ hides, and pelta. Write for price list or be available. This will usually ship direct to a reliable house. We can make your fora and hides into robes, overcoats or satisfy and quiet the sow. She should np other fur garments, write for our free catalog: receive very little feed for at least 24 American Hide k For Ct, Furriers & Tanners Belt Lake City hours after farrowing. The first few 153 West South Temple feeds of grain should be light and fed SONGS A 8HEET MUSIC In the form of thick slop. She should new and old. All kinds. Sheet music by not be on full feed for from six to ten CnNrC OUntU maii. COD. Beesley Music Co. S7 S Main days after farrowing. CREAM WANTED SHIP DIRECT A Unnecessary. Willis Theres the ship I was tell- ing you about Nillls The one with the big black funnel ? Willis I guess she has a funnel, but we didnt need any. We didnt spill a drop. American Legion Weekly. Too Much Advantage. The Good Sport Come on, kids, m buy you all the ice cream you can eat. Raggedest Urchin of Trio 'Oiat aint fair, mister. Ted, hero, aint had no dinner. American Legion Weakly. " Direct Cream Ship eents Pay Most Money Send a trial can Blackman A Griffin Company, Ogden, UtaK. FRUIT BOXES A VEGETABLE CRATES rmoYTliATl kinds of Fruit Boxes & Shipping crates in any quantity. Salt Lake Box & Lumber Company. Say it With flowers Fresh Cut Flowers at All Times Hobday s Flower Keith Emporium Bldg. Shop Salt Lake |