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Show 'f THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH - does not vary much, the winter temp' ature after aging about CO degrees. Think of tue Christmas celebrations in tills old mission more than a hundred years ago, with the zealous priests trying to - teach Christianity to the wondering Indians I where Europe and Asia meet, Constantinople, has a delightful climate at Christmas time, the dally range of temperature being from a little above freezing to 65 or 70 degrees. Constantinople was named after the Homan Emperor Constantine. He made it his capital city and was the first to ' st protect the early Christians from persecution. Later he became a Christian himself and made Christianity the state religion. But since the middle of the Fifteenth century Constantinople has been the principal city of those who worstyp Mohammed instead of Christ. Still, all kinds of people live in and Christmas day is celebrated Constantinople there as in all the rest of the civilized world. The, children of London, the biggest city in the world, may have to celebrate Christmas in a fog so thick that they can hardly venture out of doors. Christmas eve may be freezing weather and Christmas Day about 50 degrees. - Now, by way of contrast, consider the Christmas day weather of children who live south of the Equator, where the seasons are turned upside down. Our winter is the summer of the countries of the Southern Hemisphere. So naturally the children celebrate Chriiitmas in the middle of summer. A Green Christmas is their idea of the normal holiday, even If the winter weather may be as severe as that of Montana or New England. - (MMAfl Supreme Council of National Defense Through of a WASHINGTON. begun Immediately the World war, the United States at last has a supreme council of national defense which Is declared by service experts to be the most efficient ever effected. n An even officers, three army' and three navy men, comprise the council, officially termed the joint after . half-doze- The Joint aeronautical board has been made virtually an adjunct of the il through an order which requires its recommendation to be re- super-counc- ferred to the higher tribunal. A similar restriction upon the joint munitions board, composed of the assistant secretaries of war and navy, brings this agency of defense under the same directing control. A glimpse of the scope of the new plan is given in the following partial list of subjects recently presented for the consideration' of the board: Function and missions of the army, navy and marine corps. , Policy relative toj development of aircraft in the army and navy. ; Policy relative to uses of rigid airships by the army and navy. Defense., plans for sections of the coast. Courses of instruction, army 'war college and naval war college. Experiments in bombing naval vessels from aircraft Censorship and control of communications In war. Coal and fuel oil supply and stor, board. Appointments are all the detail of an officer to a certain bureau carrying with It membership on the board. The present organization Includes Gen. John J. Pershing, chief of staff; Maj. Gen. John L. Hines, deputy chief and the head of the army war plane division, and Brig. Gen. Brlant H. Wells, for the land forces, and the chief of naval operations. Admiral E.'W. Eberle; the director of war plans of the anvy, Rear Admiral W. R. Shoemaker, and the assistant chief of operations, Rear Admiral R. H. Jackson,' for the navy. To this board is finally referred every major problem. Involving the national security, and all items of information and all rumors which may age. have a remote bearing upon the naavailable for military tional defense. The new organizaand naval purposes. tion extends In a network dver the Combined army and navy exercises " entire country. for the coming winter. ; Man-pow- " Six Army Planes to Fly Around World time In the early summer four or possibly six airplanes will hop off from Bolling field, Washington, and turn their noses to the west. Before their pilots again glimpse the. nations capital, they will have traveled 30,000 miles, crossed' two oceans and almost ,a score of countries and encircled the globe In the air for the .'st time In the worlds history. Such is the picture in the minds of officials at . McCook field at Dayton, O., who, under the direction of army air service headquarters at .Washington, are making plans for the first round the world aerial cruise. Tentatively, a route has been laid out and two air officers are going over it with the Idea of making recommendations for necessary changes and completing other preparations. Lieut.- C. E. Crumrine of the McCook field, now Is In Iceland, hearting eastward, while an officer of the Philippines aerial forces Is working In the opposite direction. They will meet In Europe and after comparing data, return to their home stations. The flight, designed primarily to demonstrate the ability of planes to operate away from their regular supply bases during wartimes, will be made In comparatively short jumps. The distance between most of the stations will be 500 miles or less, the SOME 1924, - And so it Children In more is the world over. two-fiftof the world celebrate Christs natal Now, Dasher! now. Dancer! now, Prancer. now, day. Millions of them never see snow all their Vixen!. of but see snow, millions lives. Other plenty On, Comet! on, Cupid! on, Donder and Blitzen! So of summer. brate Christmas in the middle In the Hawaiian islands, by way of contrast, It Christmas day weather all over the world is of is chiwhere the all it' kinds always summer and at Christmas things are upon depends many . ' ldren live, green and the flowers are in bloom. Yet If anyone finds it too warm down on the seashore he can What was the weather on that first Christmas day, nearly 2,000 years ago, when Christ was born ' climb np on one of the high mountains. Some of them even have snow on their tops, they are so in Bethlehem of Judea? thats the first question high. When one begins to think about Christmas weather. There are hundreds of American children who Well, it must have been warm and bright, for the live in the Canal Zone along the Panama canal. shepherds were feeding their flocks by night and They and the children uf Panama cannot see much the Wise Men of the East saw the star in the East change In the weather at Christmas time. It is aland followed it. In modem Judea, which is drier ways hot there, somewhere around 80 degrees. than of old, the temperature in December by day There are two seasons the wet and the dry. It Is about like that of a cool summer day in Chirains practically every day from April to Decemcago. Sometimes it gets pretty chilly at night, ber. The rest of the year is not so rainy. So the but freezing weather is rare. So that first ChristAmerican children and their parents along' the mas set a good example to all the ages. canal wish for a "dry Christmas Instead of a Bethlehem probably has changed very little ' '' white Christmas. Since the first Christmas. The ordinary house, has In snow is In Tahosa valcabin The the little but one room, on the floor of which the occupants log ley, 9,000 feet up in the Colorado Rockies in Rocky sleep at night on mats. No one thinks of staying Mountain National park. The mountains in the In the house in the daytime, except when it rains or storms. They sit on the ground outside, when background are Meeker 6n the left, Lady Washington on the right and Longs Peak, King of the not at work, and talk with the neighbors. In the Rockies in the center (14,225 feet). It looks pretrear of each house is either a shed or a dugout Into the hillside. There the family ass and goats ty cold on Christmas day, but It Is not as cold as It looks, for the air is very dry so high up and and sheep and poultry are sheltered. It was in in the rear of such a grotto or cave or dug-opeople do not feel the cold so much in dry air as in moist air. Zero weather up there Is more comsome house that Joseph and Mary found shelter. It was In such sr place that Jesus was bom and fortable than 20 degrees above zero in Chicago. Snow begins to fall Just about Christmas time and His mother wrapped Him in swaddlings and laid Him in the manger or trough out of which the catpretty soon people are going about on skiis and snowshoes. Every winter many visitors go Into tle were fed.Rocky Mountain National park for winter sports. Why did not God provide a better place in this The whole park is full of natural ski runs and time of need? Would it haye touched the heart of mankind so deeply had Jesus been bora in a paltoboggan slides down the mountain slopes, with many small lakes for skating. And In summer ace? .For our sake He became poor that we the weather in this great public playground, set through Him might become rich.; The Lord of apart by congress for the people forever, is as heaven and earth a Babe In a manger in a stable in the little town of Bethlehem that He might save ' lovely as any in the world, warm by day and cool . at night, with a profusion of flowers and birds and ns and all men from sin! wild animal life. The snow on the mountains melts in the United States some of the Christmas day Sway, except in places of perpetual snow, and any weather is very moch like that of the first Christmas in the Holy Land. And some of It Is Just the person, Including boys and girls, can climb them. opposite. For the United States is a big, country Georgia, like the other southern states, seldom something like 3,000 miles from coast to coast sees snow In winter time or feels freezing weather and L000 miles north and south, to say nothing The photograph is taken at Savannah. The of Alaska and the Hawaiian Islands and our other place is called "The Hermitage and the houses are old outlying possessions. Besides, some of it Is not mncb higher than the sea level and some of it plantation homes built of bricks that were brought from England. The majestic old live oak Is a reaches away up nearly three miles into the sky. feature of the scene. Children at "The Hermitage So naturally there Is a great variety of climate do not cry because they do not have a "white and weather which Is one of the things that Christmas. makes the United States 'great and rich and good The California scene takes us 3,000 miles across to live in. In some parts of Alaska, for example, the chilthe continent, from the Atlantic to the Pacific coast. The photograph shows the old mission, San dren sometimes have a Christmas day almost as Antonio de Padua, near Monterey. cold as it is in Siberia and the artist has drawn St Anthony a Joking picture of a man in Siberia on such a of Padua, who was born in Lisbon, Portugal, In cold Christmas that the mercury is dropping 1195, was a Franciscan, who achieved great fame as a teacher; It was he, so the story goes, who through the bottom of the thermometer. Verkhoyansk, in central Siberia, probably has the coldtaught a school of fishes with such success that est Christmas day anywhere 75 degrees below they heard him with attention. The mission is one of a chain built by the Spanish sera But Alaska is a fine country for St. Nick. priests in the There is lots of snow for his sleigh and there are early days of settlement along the Pacific. Monthousands and thousands of reindeer from which terey was the capital of California when It was a Mexican province. It has a balmy climate, which be can pick ont a fast and strong team every year. than -- , ' ut - able-bodie- d -- , ' ; ( In San Juan, in the Argentine, for example Christmastlde is now in full swing among th Spanish and Portuguese. The weather likely l! hot and dry, with a parching wind from the north. On Christmas day the Cathedral of San Juan Is crowded at early mass, with the people devoutlj kneeling on the stone floor. The feature of th celebration is a group of figures portraying scenes El Nino, the connected with the birth of Christ. Blessed Infant, Is represented by a large doll In a cradle, over which is suspended a gilded pasteboard star. There are figures representing Mary and Joseph and the Three Wise Men; also cattle and sheep. To these earnest worshipers it is an actual reproduction of the stable and the manger In which took place the most momentous event in ' ' history. The Christmas dinner Is most likely to be serve! out of doors. Turkey? No. The Christmas feasi is usually an entree called "ninos envueltos, which is, literally translated, 'children wrapped up. These consist of pieces of beefsteak rolled up and stuffed with minced meat, eggs aud V ' spices. The most curious Christmas custom, from th viewpoint of the visitor, is the gathering of worshipers before crosses standing by the roadside and lighted up with candles. These crosses are set up at spots where murders have been committed. And here the people gather for prayer. Peru, which turns winter Into summer, has every kind of climate from the Arctic cold of the high, hard-boile- snow-cla- d d mountans to the torrid heat of th lower valleys. The high plateau of the interioi Is rather cold, while the average temperature ol the lands altmg the ocean Is 68 degrees. In Lima, the streets are a scene of lively gaiety on Christmas eve. Picturesque and fantastic cos tumes are worn and many of the revelers ari masked. Music Is everywhere.' Noise and prank! are the proper things. In the homes are dancing and the exchange of gifts ; in many the drama oi the Nativity Is the feature of the program. At midto the churches. night the crowds flock The first event on Christmas day is a visit to th vie with Christmas market, where the one another in display. At nine oclock the crowds the great event again go to the churches. Possibly of the day is the procession, headed by the priest! and composed of thousands of marchers in plo fantastic masks. There Is turesque costumes and music and the marchers carry banners and boughs, which they wave In time with the music. Figures are carried aloft and of the Madonna and Child touch. a religious celebration the give At Cairo, In the land where Joseph was sold Int Pharaoh raised him to tin bondage and where land next to his own, n highest position in the more delightful place can the traveler find al in three Is cloudy Christmas time. Only one day warm and balmy, witl and the gentle winds are. of 12 degrees. a daily range to temperature Historical Rome has about as many clear dayi as cloudy ones and the days are pleasant and th nights simply cool. So it is evident that Christmas day sees all Unrest miles. As laid out at present, the route to be taken would not necessitate any sustained flight over open water. Aft- er crossing the country from the cap- ital to Seattle, the squadron would head northward through Canada and after touching at Wrangel, Alaska, would hop to the Aleutian islands and then to the Japanese archipelago where several stops would be made. The mainland of Asia would be reached at Shanghai, China. For the trip across the Atlantic aU ternate routes are available. One itinerary calls for hops from Aberdeen, Scotland, to Faroe Island, to Iceland, to Greenland, and to the main--lan- d of North . America at Frederik-da- l, Hamilton Inlet, Canada. The other provides for the European takeoff at Dunmore Head, Ireland, and the more direct course to Newfoundland and thence to Quebec. Through continental Asia and Europe the tentative itinerary would carry the aviators to Shanghai, China ; Mandalay and Delhi, India; ChoriBar and Bagdad, Persia ; Damascus, Syria ; Aleppo and Constantinople, Turkey ; Angora, Bucharest, Rumania ; Belgrade, Serbia ; Budapest, Hungary; Vienna, Austria; 'Munich and Strassbourg, Germany, and Paris Asia-Mino- r; and London. , in Our Insular Possessions activities islands and Rico have been marked in the last fiscal year, Maj. Gen. Frank McIntyre, chief of the War departments bureau of insular affairs, said in his annual report that there was little justification for reports that a condition of unrest existed In these territories. Political activity has been marked during the ' year, General McIntyre said, both In the Philippine islands and in Porto Rico. This has led many people In the United States to believe that a condition of unrest existed in these territories, which Is very far from the fact. Both Porto Rico and the Philippine Islands, have received during the last year greater benefits from the United States than at any time in the past, and these benefits have been more generally appreciated. The year has been one of general prosperity , the general continued, The first six months of the calendar year 1923 show a material betterment In foreign trade. For this period the total shipment of domestic products wag $67,109,679, of which $50,470,807 came to the United States; the imports were $41,776,848, of which came from- the United States. political Although Speaking of the economic situation in Porto Rico, the report said : The economic situation in Porto Rico Is, compared to former years, excellent. This by no means Implies that the serious economic problem resulting from the overpopulation has been even partially solved, so that this continues to be the. one pressing problem in Porto Rico. This would be partially met If the shipping lines between the United States and Porto Rico had adequate passenger facilities, particularly for steerage passengers. . There Is little doubt that if such facilities were in operation the passenger traffic between Porto Rico and the United States would in a short time be Increased tenfold. ' The excess of labor would receive in the United States permanent and seasonal employment if steerage accommodations were available. Owing to the great liberality with which Porto Rico has been treated by congress In an economic way, the revenues of the island havcf In recent Increased. The years materially burget for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1923, was based on estimated revenues of $12,000,000. This is about four times the revenues of 15 years ago and a little less than three times what they were ten years ago. Great Waste of Natural Gas and Oil of natural gas and oil, flooding, seepage, waste in the various fields in the United States, have been enormous, according to statements of the Interior department, based upon a recent survey by the bureau of mines. While the oil and gas industry has progressed steadily and has been practically revolutionized during the 64 years of its existence, losses have ran into untold millions of feet of gas and gallons of oil fuel. Floodings of oil sands by water have damaged Irreparably entire oil and gas fields) the water trapping underground oil that probably never will be recovered. ' Water in an oil well so increases lifting costs that many wells are abandoned before the normal- recovery of oil and gas in obtained. blow-out- s wild and Although cele of of kinds were all wells the greatest facways and formerly kinds of weather mean the sanu tors in the loss, modem equipment bratlng. But all the celebrations In Bethlehem. has made It easier to muzzle the bom Is "Christ thing: flows Hie old practice of stall-keepe- longest hop being approximately 850 LOSSES - allowing gushers to waste oil and gaS unchecked until the force either was stopped by cave-in- s or decreased an appreciable amount, has been done away with, but not before millions of dollars worth of the natural resources were lost In the early days of the Cushing field in Oklahoma, In 1912 and 1913, It is estimated .100,000,000 feet of gas were wasted dally. In 1912 the total amount of gas consumed throughout the country was 662,052,000,000 cubic feet, while the loss of casing-hea- d gas alone was estimated at 141,000,000,000 feet in that year. It seems probable that from d to one-haof all the gas produced is wasted, . the bureaus study showed. Production of gasoline from natural gas was started in 1904, and while the amount recovered has increased by leaps and bounds yearly, it was estimated that since that year at least 2,500,000,000 gallons of gasoline have been, wasted. one-thir- lf |
