OCR Text |
Show THE nicn COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH Elevation of Guns "on U. S. Battleships ASHINGTON.If Presi- abuse of the - dent Harding does net disregard the advice of naval authorities, work of elevating the guns of the battleships will start soon. The department takes the ground that nothing In the spirit or letter of the treaty forbids elevating the guns and that It Is Imperative that this be done If the treaty status of equality between the United States and Great Britain Is to be established. The navys attitude In the matter is thus explained by Rear Admiral W. L. Rodgers, head of the general board of the navy: "American naval officers who were most closely In touch with the work of the Washington conference of 1921-2- 2 are one In their belief that nothing In the naval treaty prevents Increasing the elevation of the guns as provided by the congressional appropriation of last session. .The United Stated. navy Is to be second to none. It can only hold this place by modernizing itsT ships. Other nations are doing the same thing, but not all take the same steps to reach the objective. ' Modernization of ships Is as old as navies. The United States navy, like the British navy and thf French navy, has always followed the practice. "The limitations on modernization prescribed by treaty are to prevent . treaty by building practi- cally new ships ' under cover of alterations. Such sharp practice, it was the intention of the treaty to forbid, bu each nation Is free to modernize Its own ships as It thinks best without disputing the methods preferred by any other navy, always keeping Inside the treaty limitations. The change In angle of elevation Is what the United States navy needs to keep our ships equal to those of Great Britain, which may choose at pleasure means of modernization more suited to Its needs. Neither the treaty jtor the spirit of the treaty expects to exclude competition. A navy equal to Great Britain Includes competition as Its basis. The . treaty limits competition to such as may take place within the terms of the treaty and to this extent only. If the country wants no navy, or navy that Is inadequate; It may read-llhave such. But It should go about it, knowing what It Is getting and not thinking It Is getting a navy second to none. ' v Putting the matter In another form, It Is unbelievable that our delegates meant to agree that Great Britain by treaty was to preserve tor some of her ships an ability to fire at ranges which most of our ships cannot attain without alterations of some extent. Is a Friend of the Druggist Flapper IS the flapper who is These figures delate only to the the drug store and the ITpreparation Industry of Asiorls Cross American people are turning away Sbc!m afArmricmi for a CanuoV d from the patent medicines and druggists preparations. time-honore- By JOHN DICKIN80N 8HERMAN STORIA, Ore., the oldest city of the Pacific Northwest, was founded in Astors 1811 American For company. . far-flun- . No-Ma- 1CT Drake takes possession of coast in the name of England. 1728 Discovery of Behring strait by Vitus Behring, Russian explorer, sent out by Peter the Great. 1780 Russian fur traders begin extensive operations In Aleutian Islands. at San Diego by Spaniards, first of - a series of colonies along the California coast. 1778 Cook confirms English title to Oregon Territory. 1782 Capt. Robert of enters Boston mouth of Gray Columbia and names river after his ship. ' 1803 Louisiana purchase from France. 1806 R Lewis and Clark winter at mouth of Columbia. 1811 Astoria founded by Pacific Fur company. 1812 War with Great Britain. 1813 Astoria sold to North West Fur company Brltlsh). 1821 Hudson Bay company (British), absorbs North i West Fur company. 1818 Country left open by agreement between United States and Great Britain to fur traders of both nations. 1823 Promulgation of Monroe Doctrine, referring In. part to respective rights of Americans, British and Russians on northwest Pacific coast. 1829 First agricultural settlement at Astoria. , 1834 Methodist mission founded In Willamette valley. . 1836 Presbyterian mission founded by Marcus Whit-man at Waiilatpu. , 1840 Large immigration to Oregon over Oregon trail 1843 Ft. Bridger, first rest house for Oregon Immigrants. 1843 American settlers form provisional government. 1846 "Oregon question" settled by fixing international border line on forty-nint- h parallel from Rocky moun-- , tains Ho Fuea strait. 1848 Oregon finade a territory. , . 1869 Oregon admitted to Union. . -- . John Jacob Astor, the first! trudged from Waldorf to London with the" traditional bundle and stick and arrived In New York In 1783 with a few musical Instruments. He sold these and engaged In the fur business. He made much money, and invested It in New York real estate.. He got out of the fur business in short order the minute the discovery of the process of making silk Here Is hats spelled the doom of the beaver. the Astor succession : John Jacob Astor II (1788-- , ; William 1834) ; John Jacob Astor III (1822-189; William Waldorf AsWaldorf tor (1879 ). The first William Waldorf Astor was born In New York, was graduated from Columbia and In 1890 succeeded his father as the bead of the family, with a personal fortune of more than $100,000,000. He served in the New York legHe was minister to Italy 1882-islature 1871-8- , ), Astoo-(1848-191- 9) 1. 5. In 1891 he went to England to live. He be-- , came a naturalized British subject In 1899, bought several London newspapers-anmagazines, purchased Cliveden from the Duke of Westminster, British society struggled hard to get Into high-u- p and contributed so enormously to charitable enterprises that George V created him Baron Astor In 1916 and later Viscount He did not live long to enjoy his title. The present Viscount .Astor married In 1906 Nannie Langhorne Shaw, a widow who was bom In Virginia she is the Lady Astor who visited us not long ago to scold us for not joining the League of Nations. There are other Astors in America. The family holdings in New York real estate total hundreds of millions. The history of the North American fur trade of course begins with the Hudson Bay company the old saying was that the H. B. C. on its blood-re- d banner stood for Here Before Christ and that the companys motto, pro pelle cutem, meant a skin for a skin. Anyway, Charles H In 1670 granted a royal charter To our dear and entirely beloved cousin Prince Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Duke of Bavaria, etc. . . . constituting the Governor and Company of Adventurers trading Into Hudsons Bay. The Merry Monarch turned over to the company practically all of North America north of the Great Lakes, with power of life and death over all present and Inasmuch as Canada was future Inhabitants. then admittedly French, there was war to the knife until the Treaty of Utrecht In 1713 confirmed to the company as a part of the shore of Hudson Bay. The Treaty of Paris In 1763 of course wholly confirmed the charter of the company, since all Canada thereby became British territory. In the meantime the Hudson Bay Company had been sitting tight; working In secrecy; keeping, missionaries, school teachefs, agriculturists and all strangers out of, the country ; extending Its chain of trading posts ; making the Indian bring the furs to the posts, reaping enormous profits and monopoly building up the biggest and In the worlds history. In 1784 was organized at Montreal the Northwest Company, which entered Into a mighty struggle with Its older rival. In 1821 the younger company was merged In the Hudson Bay Company. In 1870 the British government forced the company to surrender Its charter. Now the Hudson Bay Company, probably richer than ever, is engaged in selling off the 10,000,000 acres left to It out of 3,000,000 square miles and running a chain of mall order houses and department stores. The Louisiana Purchase of the land between the Mississippi and the Rockies was confirmed In the spring of 1804. Thereupon the Lewis and Clark expedition started from St. Louis to see what we had bought for $15,000,000. It went up the Missouri and spent the first winter on the site of Bismarck, N. D. The second winter was spent on the site of Astoria at Jhe mouth of the Columbia. It returned to St. Louis In the fall of 1806, after having been given up for lost. The Lewis and Clark expedition reported unlimited numbers of beaver. That was the beaver age. Canada and the West lived off the beaver. Trappers swarmed on every frontier. Beaver skins were the medium of exchange. Astor was quick to see the chance for fur operations on a big scale. He had already got control of the Mackinaw Fur Company and had practically cornered the fur trade of the Great Lakes region. He planned a chain of trading posts across the continent from St. Louis to the Pacific. He planned to ship a part of his furs to China, then as now a good market for fiqe skins. He planned return cargoes of silk and tea to New York and Boston. d cross-sectio- -- He tried In vain to buy out the traders of the Missouri Fur Company, just beginning extensive operation from St. Louis under the leadership of the famous Manuel Lisa. So he organized In 1809 the American Fur Company under the laws of New York, a holding corporation. He established a company, the Pacific Fur Company, for the Astoria project He furnished the capital, $400,000, and assumed all financial risks. ' He took in ten partners, who contributed time and labor. His partners were mostly experienced traders lured from the ranks of the Northwest Company, Scotchmen and British subjects. Astor made ready two parties for the mouth of the Columbia, one to go by sea and the other to travel overland to pick out the best sites for posts. In September, 1810, the Tonquln, under CapL Jonathan Thorn, sailed from New YorV with S3 passengers Including four partners : Alexander Mc- Kay, Duncan, McDougal, and David and Robert Stuart The Tonquln lost eight men In getting across tiie Columbia bar and arrived May 25, 181L A site was selected; tools and part of the supplies were landed. June 1 the Tonquln sailed on a trading expedition to Nootka Sound. The Indians captured the vessel and killed the captain, McKay and all but five of the crew. The survivors then blew up the ship. The shore party under Me-- ; Dougal made slow progress, but finally got under shelter and began trading operations. In tbe ineantlme the overland expedition, which had started from Montreal July 6, 1810, under Wilson Price Hunt, had been In desperate straits at several points on the long Journey by way of the Missouri and the Grand Teton, the Snake and thfe Columbia.' It did not reach Astoria until January 10, 1812. The arrival of the supply ship Beaver May 12, 1812, relieved the situation. Trading operations were- - undertaken on an extensive scale. Two partners of the Northwest Company brought the news of the declaration of war In December, 1812. The Pacific Fur Company, partners. In Hunts absence, terminated their partnership with the Northwest Company at Astor and sold out-tan absurdly low price. Astor was unsuccessful In efforts to recover his property after the war. Astoria was therefore a failure as a trading post, so far as Astor was concerned, but It was the beginning of a northwestward .movement of the American people over the Oregon Trail that gave us two states of the Union, Oregon and Washington, and ultimately Alaska. Modern Astoria Is financially typical of hundreds and thousands of ambitious little cities of the country, as Is shown by the statements admitted to congress In. Connection with the proposed loan. The city, however, had a construction problem peculiarly Its own. It Is located 12 miles up stream from the mouth of the Columbia on what was originally a tidal flat, submerged to a depth of 80 feet at high tide. , The city was first built on piling from the harbor front to the foot of the hills. Then, in order to establish a modern sewage system, the city built a bulkhead along the water front and filled in. The street grade was fixed at nine feet above the fill and buildings were raised to that level. The streets were constructed on bridgework, with asphalt paving and concrete sidewalks on the sub--sldla-ry by John Jacob Last winter fire devastated 34 blocks, the entire business area - of the city, with a loss of about Astoria Is deter$11,000,000. mined to rebuild itself. ' Legislation Is now tending In congress for the loan of $1,063,000 to the municipality for the purpose of municipal rebuilding. Heres a text on which a volume coaid be writn ten. Astorias history from 1811 to 1023 Is a of American life during the century In which ,we marched across the continent Astoria brought Into being the Oregon Country and the Oregon Trail The Oregon Country" was In part reThrough the sponsible for the Monroe Doctrine. .Astors we get a glimpse of the half century of the .rise and fall of the American fur trade beginning .with the Lewis and Clark expedition ; , also of 'America as a land of promise for the evolution of a family beginning with a German peasant Immigrant and now the largest land owner In New York city and holding a British title. And finally g wilderthe evolution of Astoria from a ness trading post to a thriving little city of 16,000 Is financially typical of nearly every frontier city of the West since the Louisiana Purchase. " When Astorias blockhoifce and stockade were built In 1811 the United States consisted of the 13 original states and Vermont, Kentucky. Tennessee and Ohio. The western boundary was the Rocky Mountains. Texas and the Southwest were Spanish. The Pacific Northwest was Russian, Brlt-- . Land. lsh and American a ' Here is a chronology that Is helpful: (1763-1848- keeping chemical busy, according to the latest official statistics of the census bureau, while the . o pla.iklng. The ' destruction of the burned area was therefore practically complete. Before It can be rebuilt It will be necessary to reconstruct the sewage and water systems, build substantial retaining wnlls around each of the 34 burned blocks, fill In the streets with material dredged from the river, and pave and lay sidewalks all of which will cost about $1,063,000, the amount of the loan asked from congress. Until these things are done, accordno capital can be obing to the official statement, tained to enable the property owners to rebuild. The city of Astoria has Issued bonds and Incurred bonded obligations amounting to $5,553,-895.3- 2 for schools, municipal Improvements, port of Astoria docks and county roads. The assessed valuation of all property prior to the fire was ; the bonded liability was therefore 49 per cent of the assessed valuation. Because of the conditions following the fire the bonded Indebtedness Is so nearly equal to the value of ail the property that the city Is deprived of the ability to sell further bonds for reconstruction purposes through the ordinary Investment ch enrols, The census bureau has just completed the compilation of Its figures on the census of manufacturers In 1921. It has three general classifications covering the basic business of drug stores : Druggists preparations, patent medicines and perfumery and cosmetics. Of the three, the last classification, perfumery and cosmetics, called the weapons of the fiappeiv-- Is the only one which shows an Increase. The value of the perfumery and cosmetics 'produced In 1921 amounted to $72,500,000, according to the official figures, compared with $59,600,000 In 1919, the last census period for statistics. This' la as increase of 22 per cent. In 1914 perfumery and cosmetics output was only $16,900,000. Thus, from 1914 to 1921 the percentage Increase In this decorative business reached the astounding -- manu-facturi- .figure of 829. products. If the Imported perfumes were added, many more millions would be accounted for. Out of our 100,000,000 population, there are about 25,000,000 women of an age likely to employ the beautifying or rejuvenating agencies of perfumes and cosmetics. This means that each one of these women spends about $3 a year on such products. ' In 1914 there were only 276 factories making perfumes and cosmetics; In 1921 It took 422 such establishments' to fill the requirements. In 1914 the Industry employed only 5,421 whQe In 1921 there were 9,367 persons engaged; The apothecary whe filled prescriptions Is finding business declining. The business is better than It was In 1914, The figures slww that the vatoe of druggists preparations tn 1914 was $48,000,000; In 1919 $114,000,000; while In 1921 it was down to $81,000,000. This might be explained by a statement that the people were baying patent medicines more generally, but apparently this explanation does not held, for patent medicines show a IT per cent drop from 1919 to 1921. American-mad- e How Geographic Board Tinkers the Map HE Will of the map, the Ueves in dropping out the possessive Hays United - States geographic board might jokingly be called. Arguments about names of places are diplomatically, bat officially, settled by this august tribunal, mainly for the benefit of the government The board establishes a form as correct, and henceforth the name Is so written on all government maps; charts and documents, and In the postal gulden About 25,000 decisions have been made by this geographic board since it was established hi 1890. Okefen-oke- e swaifip was spelled twelve different ways when the board settled on the form given here as most acceptable. Qnohqnlnapassakessamaaagnog, the Unpronounceable name fastened to a little New Hampshire brook,, was officially discarded by a derision of the board, and It became simply Beaver brook. Endless names ending In borough bare had the ending shortened to boro, and a good many scarcely esthetic names have been changed to others suggesting pleasanter associations. . For one thing, the board alms to simplify names to some extent It advocates dropping the words courthouse as they are sometimes used after the name of a county seat. It prefers single word names. It be- - apostrophe In such names as Longs peak and Pikes peak. It has cstab- llshed the practice of spelling Pittsburg and similar names wftbout the final h, and the spelling of center hi the American way, rather than in the English, centre. The board else sees that no two post offices tn a state beer the same, name. There Is greet duplication of names In different states, and this Is sufficiently confusing. The presidents are honored all over the country' by towns named for them. There are 28 Washingtons, 24 Lincolns, 27 Madisons and 16 Jeffersons. The board serves every government bnrean that makes maps or charts the War and Navy ' departments, the land office, office of Indian affairs, geological survey, coast and geodetic survey, and Tenant bnrean, td mention a few. , is also It appealed to by the State department for the correct usage of foreign place names to be written In treaties and other government documents. All of the government offices that are vitally concerned with the correct usage of geographic names are represented on the geographic board Yank and Jap Now on Equality in China announcement that armament, the American and OFFICIAL Lansing-Ish- ll between the United States and Japan has been cancelled and Is of no further force or effect has been made by the State department with an explanation that the cancellation was being announced almultaneous-l- y In' Tokyo in an identic statement. The statement given out. at Washington Included only the texts' of the notes exchanged between Secretary Hughes and Masanao Hanibara, Japanese ambassador, and was made public without comment. The note to Hanibara, signed by Secretary Hughes under date of April - 14, said: I have the honor, to communicate to yonr excellency pay understanding of the views developed by the discussions which I have recently had with your rinbsssy In reference to the status of the lAnslng-Ishl- l exchange of notes of November 2, 1917. The discussions between the two governments have disclosed an Identity of view and, lit the light of the understandings arrive!) at by the Washington conference on the limitation of Japanese governments are agreed to consider the'' Lanslng-Iahi- l correspondence of November 2, 1917, as cancelled and of no further force or effect "I shall be glad to have your confirmation of the accord thus reached. Ambassador Hanibara replied under the same date as follows : . I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your note of todays date and am happy to be able to confirm to you, qader Instructions from my government, you understanding of the views thus developed, as set forth In your letter. This restores a parity of Interests on the part of the Japanese and American governments In China and gives them an exact status with that of Great Britain, France, Portugal, Italy, Belgium and the Netherlands, the other signatory powers to the treaty negotiated by the arms ' conference. , Nothing now remains between the United States and Japan that conflicts in any way with the provisions of the r pact as they treat the question of the open door and equal v opportunity. r nine-pow- nine-powe- |