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Show Spring is the Time to Make THEXOTTAGE A For Grafting $Y Dr. PLANTS SETTING AND ' (W. C, tWerri, Horticulturist, Utah Agricultural TRAINING TO STAKES ' College ' ' ' lover the West, onto the stock care should be taken to and particularly the owners of the see that the lower end of the cion Is small orchards, are becoming increas- attached on the stock and not allow down. ingly interested each year in the sub- the cion to be placed upside some of their fruit This precaution may sound superfluous ject of trees. Now is the time for the final to some and yet my experience with me stages of preparation for this import- a great many students has. taught on this them caution and sure be to this work ant Fruit growers all spring. of trees is simply Tlie the grafting info the tbps of fruit trees of another variety. Unless this variety is better in many respects than , the variety already being produced by, the tree it would k)f course not be worth while to go to the trouble of making the change. All over the older settled of the West there are countless old fruit trees, especially In the home orchards, which bear inferior fruit of very poor and almost worthless varieties. At best in many case3 they are varieties that were deemed good at one time hut which have now been superseded in public favor by newer and better varieties. The tree to be grafted should have a sound, healthy trunk and the lower parts of the main branches should be vigorous and in good condition. It does not pay to graft onto a decaying or unsound or diseased tree, at least not If the trunk and lower parts of the branches are affected. The tree or part which receives the graft is called the stock and the twig or part wlrlhh is inserted is called a cion. Usually the cions are collected the fall before the grafting Is to be done in the spring. As a matter of fact, the cions can be obtained anytime after the wood lias matured and the leaves have failed in the fall nnd before the buds begin to swell the next spring, providing the cions on the trees do not become injured - by the cold weather of winter. In selecting and securing the cions get them fruru trees of known productiveness. If there are none of the desired varieties from which to select cions in the neighborhood go to an orchard where they may be obtained. Select only the young wtiod that was produce'll the past summer. It Is usually more vigorous In the outer and upper portions of the tree and this should be used. Cut these twigs Into lengths of about one foot, bunch and tie them Into convenient bundles, and bury them in moist sand in the cellar until grafting time, which may be done at convenience after vigorous growth of the trees has commenced. The most common and satisfactory method of grafting the older trees is by the cleft graft. This method is suitable .for branches two inches and over in size. A simple method of grafting the small' twigs about the same size as the cion wood is- by the splice or tongue graft. Whichever method is used, the preparation of the cions Is the same. That is, they are cut into lengths of about four Inches (each cion stick stored in the cellar will therefore make three cions) with three or four buds each. In inserting -- s -- to adhere to the roots and give a better start when they are them FROM planted out. If the plants are grown In flower pots, in paper bands, or berry boxes, they should be carried to TO V n the garden In their containers. plants should be loosened by Inverting them gently and knocking Plants Should Be Accustomed to the edge of the pot oh something solid. The plants, then are set with the ball the Outside Conditions of earth adhering to tlielr roots. If the plants have been grown in paBefore Setting. per bands or berry boxes, the sides of the bands or boxes should be slit with a knife and removed as the plants PROTECTION MAY DE NEEDED are set. Where the plants are grown in trays or in a hotbed, a knife should Small or Boards Will Save From be run between the rows, cutting the foxes earth In both directions, and each Wind Frost Water Beand Sun, plant lifted with a cube of earth atfore Transplanting Carry Contached to Its roots. tainers to Place for Planting. Use Fresh Furrows. holes or furrows in which the The e It Is assumed that the plants are set should not be made ungardener has been busy long before til ready to transplant the plants. If the weather Is warm enough to sow made too soon, the soil will dry out any seeds In the open ground; that and cause the plants to wilt. Under a window box or hotbed has been pro- all circumstances, It pays to apply a vided, and that a supply of plants of little water around the roots of each tomatoes, peppers, early cabbage, and plant as It Is set; this causes the soil I eggplant are under way to set in the to form a ciose contact with the roots is of frost soon as as danger garden After the water has the plant. past. soaked Into the soli, dry earth should If plenty of south window space is be filled In around the plant and available, the United States Depart- slightly firmed. Plants set In this ment of Agriculture advises that such manner will Invariably start without crops as snap beans, qucumbers, wilting. anil even sweet com may be It is always a good Idea to have a or started In flower pots, paper bands few more plants than are required for berry boxes filled with good soil, and filling the space in the garden, in orthey will be of considerable size by der to replace any that die or are dethe time the air is warm enough to stroyed by Insects. ' plant them outdoors. In Plants that the hotbed BOYS AND grow In the house or GARDENS GIRLS must be hardened or adapted to outdoor conditions before they are set in the Youngsters Gain Valuable Knowledge open ground. .This Is accomplished From Tilling the Soil; Increase by gradually exposing them to the the Food Supply. of warmer the part open air during lat-ecare at night, being the day and Junior gardeners and members of taken that they are not caught by a the. boys and girls clubs have been sudden cold snap. factors In Increasing Ameimportant Hardening Early Plants. ricas food supply. In many cities this In boxes are grown When the plants work has been joined with the school-garde- n or trays, the boxes may be carried into movement. This kind of work the open each day and the plants al not only produces more food but teaches accustomed lowed to become gradually and the the youngsters to the outdoor conditions. If they are value of work. , - In a hotbed or coldframe, the sash or Teachers have reported that the efother cover Is lifted off during the day fort with the boys and girls has been and replaced at night. Later the cov- more than repaid by the; knowledge ering is left oft entirely; however, it of Nature gained by the pupils. Both should be kept close at hand to be put the bureau of education, through the on at any time that the weather should schools, and the United States Deturn cold. partment of Agriculture, through the Plants set in the open ground may boys and girls clubs, are giving offibe protected from frost by turning cial- help to the junior garden movesmall boxes over them and covering ment. ' the boxes with a little earth. Old berry boxes are sometimes used for SUNFLOWERS AND SHRUBBERY this purpose, but should be covered Sunflowers have not received the atcompletely with soil, as the plants will freeze just as readily underneath the tention they deserve. The d exposed .boxes as If left In the open, sorts, as well as without any cover whatever. A good the dwarf d varieties, are method of protecting plants Is by set- useful when skillfully employed in ting a common roofing shingle or a mixed plantations with other herbasmall piece of board at an angle over ceous annuals. The golden yellow each plant. These shingles can be set disks are like sunbursts among the o i the side to protect the plants from shrubbery. The tall habit and dense the sun during the daytime, or they foliage of some varieties make them may be placed on the opposite side in suitable for backgrounds nnd screens. order to protect the plants from the Because of their long stems and exwind and allow the sunshine to reach traordinary lasting qualities they are ' them.. ' of value as cut flowers. In some cases gardeners have provided small frames, on the top of r 9 which are fitted single panes of glass, MOISTURE PLANTS REQUIRE over set is frames and one of these each plant or hill to protect It. The in moisture take Plants glass should be so arranged that It small feeding roottheir through the removed during can be partially lets and discharge it through the wanner part of the day in order to surface of their leaves. As a retoo the becoming temperature prevent sult of the breaking of the roots high Inside the frame. These protecin transplanting, the supply of tors give good results when used over moisture is cut off nnd the plants and muskmelons of hills cucumbers, wilt To prevent the wilting of over as well Slimmer squashes, as the leaves, says the United plants of sweet pepper, eggplant and States Department of Agricultomatoes. water should be poured ture, Points to Remember. around the roots before the dirt in connection There are a few points Is filled in; also the tops of th with the transplanting of house-growshould be shaded and proplants plants to the garden that are, worthy tected from the wind for a day In the first. place, of special attention. Or two to reduce the evaporat or the plants to be transplanted should . from the leaves. he watered a few hours before they the cause will gre to be handled ; this dirt COLDFRAME WARDEN A .. Pot-grow- wide-awak- rausk-melon- in , s, r 0 . large-flowere- many-flowere- - . - point. For tlie cleft graft a branch of the tree is carefully sawed off at the desired point for grafting. , With a grafting chisel tihe limb is split open sufficiently wide to insert tire cion' sticks whose lower ends have been cut to a wedge shape, leaving the outer 6ide of tlie wedged part somewhat wider than the inner part. Two cions are usually inserted on each limb over two inches in diameter. This Is to double the chances of success for if both grow the weaker one is cut out the .next year. Now the most important part of the operation pertains to the necessity of having the cambium layer of the cion fit the cambium layer of the stock. The cambium layer is that tissue which lies just between the bark and the wood. It Is the active . region of growth of the stem. If the cambium layers of the stock and cion do not fit It is useless to hope for success. However, If tliis phase of the work Is carefully watched, the grafter can perform his work with both hope and confidence. Years of experience with students doing cleft grafting for the first time have shown that they ordinarily have about 90 percent success. The operation for the splice graft is simple. A long sloping cut Is made on lxith the small stock twig and the cion and they are joined together so tlie cambium layers coincide. The tongue graft is a modified splice graft where a slight split is made on both that tlie cion and stock cut surface-s- o on - joining them together the union will be somewliat more secure. Tlie final stage of the operation is binding the. union and applying grafting wax. Grafting wax is easily made by melting together 4 parts by weight of resin, 2 parts beeswax, and 1 part rendered beef or mutton tallow. After the nadten condition has been reached and after boiling for about one minute the hot liquid inass is poured Into a bucket of cold water. As soon- - as' It is cool enough to handle it Is taken out and pulled in the same fashion as molasses candy. When It assumes a light color it is ready for use. To prevent It sticking to the hands it is desirable to rub tallow over the hands befljre handling the wax. ; The wax Is used to cover the cut surfaces and cracks of the grafted pal-t- s to prevent drying out and the entrance of disease or decay. In cleft grafting it Is not necessary to bind or tie the parts for that Is done when the chisel is withdrawn and the parts of the limb clamp together on the don. But in splice or tongue grafting It is necessary to bind the parts by a waxed cord or by raffia. KANRED HARD WHEAT IS HIGH IN YIELDS Developed ' From Head Single of Crimean Wheat Selected at Kansas Experiment Station Pure Seed Is of Importance. (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture. ) Kail red is a wheat whicli is resistant to prevalent forms of leaf and .stem ni.it, is less liable to winter killing than the Turkey or Kharkof, and matures from one to four days sooner than those varieties, which sometimes means escape from bad weather con- ditions. It outylelds the varieties named in the principal hard winter wheat section by from three to five bushels per acre. The variety was from n single bend oi . 1 ' v Sugar jacket "melts in your mouth and gum center remains to give you all the usual Wrigleys benefits. 5 Jo Rubber but Vfore Stretch or ExcellO miss RUM SuspenderS --and Years Wear Guaranteed Aik Yosr Dealer ft he bsast them, rend gfVS2tabdd SSmESST 4 Ask for Mu-W- ay Garter, and Hoee Supporter Ns --Wit Itrech Suspesder Co.. Mir.. A Arias, Mick. Slim Missed Something. The company clerk had been reprimanded by the first sergeant bn several occasions, and he was beginning to have a chronic grouch. One evening he came into the company quarters looking gloomier than ever.- , Whatsa matter, Slim?- asked hii buddy. You musta been havin' some ' more hard luck! Hard luck? said Slim. Ill say 1 had hard luck. The company commander came around this morning and bawled out the top, and I wasnt there to hear It. The Leatherneck. Important to Mothers Bxamine carefully every bottle o! CASTORIA, that famous old remedy tothe warned contractor, "Pat, for Infants and children, and see that it day you became a new employee in Bears the this eorporatidn and I want to tell you of Signature must work all such that employees In for Use Over SO Years. quickly and quietly. ' Children Cry for Fletchers Castoris v Yis, sor. "And when I give an order 1 want It '; obeyed on tne instant. Giving the Old Man a T reat. v Yis, sor. Goodpatter I tell you, Nickelplhch And furthermore, I will brook no the whole town Is talking about youi argument and no back talk. driving your old father to the in your automobile. "Well, dont ye start It then ! I reckon they see non Nickleplnch Kanthe selected at Crimean wheat do a can I extreme good turn fmee. In a are and that politeness Dignity sas agricultural experiment station ten the old man a never I foolish to while. charged often employed people keep years ago, from which source It Is sent the bill to the Just cent for it distance. their at harwere acres ed that 2,000,000 county. vested In 1921. The Definition. Knnred Wheat Is thV title of DeWithout constancy there Is netthei Johnny Pa, whats an author? partment Circular 194, just Issued by Pa Its a man who empties his head love, friendship, r or virtue In th the United States Department of Agr' world. Addison. Knnred Is a hard red win- to till his stomach. iculture. ter wheat very similar to Turkey. It Is bearded nnd has hairless white chaff. The superior yields of the Kanred variety In northern and northwestern Kansas, eastern Colorado, southwestern Wyoming, and In Nebraska and South uakota appear to have Leen due largely to Its resistance to rust, and to winter killing. Kanred wheat may be grown with success wherever other hard-wintwheats are grown and should partly vareplace the Turkey and Kharkof rieties now widely grown. It shows no special advantage In the northern great plains and the Pacific northwest. It cannot compete with the soft winter wheat varieties grown on the lower lands and the richer soils of eastern Kansns or the eastern United WARNING I Say "Bayer wheq you buy Aspirin. States, and Is not winter hardy enough to replace spring wheat la northefli plains. Wherever Turkey or Unless you see the name Bayer' on tablets, you are are wheats Khnrkof be can Kanred the not getting genuine Aspirin prescribed by' physicians however, grown, grown with equal chances of success. over 22 years and proved safe by millions for . . In milling and baking experiments Kanred has Compared 'favorably with Headache Rheumatism Colds other hard red .winter wheats. For nec is successful growing pure, seed Toothache Neuritis Neuralgia essary, and because of similarity of Earache .Pain, Pain, Lumbago the seed to other varieties certification has been found essential. This Accept orfly "Bayer,' package which contains propet directions. certification is made by the Kansas with association Crop Improvement Handy Bayer boxes of 12 tablets Also bottles of 24 and 100 Druggists. of the Kansas agriAspirin la the trade mark of Barer Msnotsctnre of Houoacstleaeldasttr of Salley Ucacld the cultural experiment station. DISTEMPER AMONG HORSES Successfully Treated With Music Bagpipes The music of a bagpipe proceed-- f At this time of year hornet an liable to contract contagious dism three or four pipes. One of these rates DISTEMPER, IVFLUENZA, COUGHS and COLDS. Aa prev.ntlve against these, an occMlonal does of "STOHNS Is will oboe tlie chanter. Is a primitive msrvelonsly effective. Ay a remeryfos name already anfferlng, -la eqnally effective. OtVe it no a preventive. Dont BPOHN8 drones calkl theofhers eight holes; trait. On sale at drag stores. GOSHEN. INDIANA 8P0HN MEDICAL COMPANY tund each one low continuous ton. New Employee. - ' : poor-hous- e a' . Spohns Distemper Compound n , Select your food wisely, chew it well, and use WRIGLEYS after every meal. Your stomach will thank you. It is both a benefit and a treat good, and good for you. And, best of all, the cost is small. hard-wint- . I AFTER EHEBY MEAL rurkey and Kanrsd Wheat The Lai. tef Yield Mere Because of Rust assistance, Earttnesa and Hardinaasu : J |