OCR Text |
Show THE RICH COUNTY NEWS, RANDOLPH, UTAH GRAZING DIARY VnUIADLE MAINTAINS SOIL PRODUCTIVITY FOR FUTURE USE Many Pastures in Virginia Hava Never Been Plowed. ' Authentic Record of Happenings and Experiences Often Prove of Great Benefit OF MUCH VOLUME HTfflEST Dozens of Farm Problems Encountered Every Year That Might Be Solved . More Easily If Records Wert. . Where Beef Cattle or Sheep Are Grazed All of Resulting Manure Is Loft on 8otl Lime and Phosphate Are Favored. (Prepared bp the United State Department et Asrleulture.) There is no system of agriculture that maintains the productivity of tbe soli better than grazing, according to observations of the United States DeConvenient partment of Agriculture, especially where the animals are kept continualSome of the best State Department ly on the pastures. (Prpuid by.tht AfUnited rieultnre.1 pastures In southwestern Virginia A well-kediary Is the most in- have been grazed for at least 100 teresting and valuable volume in Its years. Many of them have never been owners library, and the determination plowed. to maintain such a record frequently - The difficulty In getting a good sod Is expressed In the form of a New on land that baa been cropped with fears resolution. Unfortunately, how- grain for a few years has proved the ever, that Is the first good inten- wisdom of keeping the land permation permitted to lapse, observations nently in grass. It most be borne In by the United States Department of mind that there are striking differences in methods of grazing. Where Agriculture have shown. Valuable In the Future, Forth farmer, the diary will a record of form happenings and personal experiences which will be valuable In the future conduct of his business. If, when he finds his alfalfa field swarming with grasshoppers, he can look back in his diary to a summer 10 years before and find the poison-ba- it formula that controlled the Insect then, he will save much valuable time. He may wish to know the exact location of a tile drain that was laid down when be was a youngster. If the eveut was noted in hls own, or Ms fathers diary,' a perusal will give him more definite information than a days digging with a spade. There are dozens of farm problems ; encountered every year that might be solved more easily,' If the fanner had access to a complete chronological history of hls property. The diary may be given a promlent place in the bookkeeping' records of the farm business. Generally speak- Grazing Is Best Means of Maintaining Fertility of 8oll. ing there are three purposes to be served by farm accounts: 1. To determine the farm invest- beef cattle or sheep are grazed, all of ment, receipts, expenses, and the net the resulting manure Is left on the pastures, and the land Is further Income of the business. if the animals are given addi2. To furnish the net returns from feed during the winter. This any Individual farm enterprise and to tional not the case on dairy farms, supply specific information as to its is usually where the cattle spend much of the details. 3. To obtain a memorandum of what time in yards or stables. Grazing Is not sufficiently remuneraother people owe you and what you tive to justify the liberal use of comowe them. fertilizers, and very little Is The blank forma necessary for a mercial! ever used in tbe blnegrass region on can be . system simple accounting the pasture lands.. In England It is worked out by tbe farmer himself, or not uncommon to apply basic slag at he can apply a system recommended the rate of 1,000 pounds per acre to obalso can He hls county by agent grassland. Some farmers tain information direct from, the of- permanent In the bluegrass region of Virginia are fice of farm management and farm to use 'lime and some form economics. United States Department beginning of phosphate on their pastures. This of Agriculture. The chief advantage the stand of grass, bnt there of a farm accounting system, which Improves are no data available to show whether is a part of the farm diary, Is In the cover the expense. In additional Interest furnished by the the Increase will the absence of any experimental data, every farmer is advised, to experiment on hls own fields in a small way. An application of 500 pounds of acid phosphate or of bone meal to a half acre In an old pasture will soon show whether it is advisable to use fertilizers. If this quantity makes a marked improvement In the stand of grass, less might be beneficial. . pro-oer- The Pilgrim Fathers always interesting at time are usually considered Thanksgiving from the religious viewpoint, as is natural. Also much is written about the influence of the Plymouth colony upon the political formation of the American nation. Here is something out of the ordinary a consideration of the Plymouth colony as an economic success. Darwin P. Kingsley calls the Pilgrims the most He is successful adventurers in all history. president of the New England Society in the City of New York, a writer, a speaker, a man of wide culture, a student of Shakespeare and a collector of Shakespeareana. In addition he is a noteworthy figure in the business life of the country. The address which follows in part was made at the one hundred and fourteenth annual festival of the society. John Dickinson Sherman. A ' I X3Z&KCtrjniJ& After 1630 the migration from England was very large, and was made up, not of adventurers and profligate peers, but Of the-bes- t (Boughton) remain English, they could not return to England without risking contamination by contact with Puritans and Anglicans. The wilderness of America, with all Its terrors, seemed to offer them the essential conditions. . They early decided not to go to Jamestown, because tlieSpiseopal church was already established there. They tried to get definite concessions from the established church ns to their own government and worship, and then abandoned such attempts. Finally, in June, 1619, they got a patent from the Virginia company. They concealed their real purpose, and got the patent in the name of John Win-coThey hoped to sail without revealing who they were and what they purposed. Later they abandoned this patent for another granted by the Virginia company to John Peirce and associates. Under this Instrument their anonymity was com- blood b. OPULAR knowledge of the little group men, women and children which Pof at Plymouth Is to this general effect They were members of a church In Scrooby, England, under the leadership : or ministry of John Robinson; they were persecuted and fled to Holland; , they left Holland .later for, reasons never very clear to the average' man; they sailed in the Mayflower, and founded the colony and church ' at ' Plymouth in 1020. In relatively recent years they have come to be known as the Pilgrims, 'but to many of us the name does not convey any idea by which this small group Is distinguished, when the larger term Puritan is used. To most, men ' and Puritan" are interchangeable fTUgrim . words. These Impressions are largely erroneous, and es- pecially so In confusing the purpose and the' ultimate achievements of Pilgrim and Puritan. The Puritan was the driving force which politically, commercially, and morally created New Englnnd. The Pilgrim, on the other hand, had no such driving power; but he made an unequaled contribution to the progress of the- - world. In which the Puritan had only a collateral part. The nucleus of what finally became the famous Plymouth church wqs a little group of farmers and laborers brought together at Scrooby, In the north of lEnglnnd, through the personal magnetism and capacity of William Brewster. They' were a part, and a very radical part, of the Puritan revolt of the time. They claimed to be n church, ' but they had neither pastor nor organization, The first article of their creed was opposition to the established church, and while they were served from time to time by the Puritan clergy of that church, they were clear from the beginning that they must separate from it wholly. This was about J 1000. s Bradford united with this unorganized group at about this time, and John Robinson a , little later, They were ail spiritual rebels. Their revolt was against the Puritans quite as much as ' against the Episcopalians. By their standards the Puritans were of the two the greuter sinners, because, having seen the truth, they paltered and shuffled ; they stayed in the church. and still persistent Contrary to belief, the members of the Scrooby congregation were never persecuted by either church or state. The Pilgrims went first to Amsterdam, but tliey didn't like it. The city tolerated all sorts of religious dissent. Therefore, while there was work to be had in Amsterdam, they finally settled lu chiefly because that city had within it no Leyden other religious malcontents; they had the field of dissent ail to themselves. ' The group never flourished. They were mostly fanners and laborers. Leyden was an Industrial city. .Its industries were strongly controlled by guilds, and it was necessary to become Dutch' citizens to get really lucrative employment. The life was, hard. The young people began to murmur. Some began to break away. Some even. became' Dutch citizens. , The original emigrants were now approaching; middle life,, and time was pressing. They .were determined to remain English, but soon realized that they could, not do so If they stayed In Hoi- - . land. They then decided that while they would William -- d - . . plete. contract with They then negotiated a seven-yea- r Thomas Weston and a group of London merchants, afterward known as "the Adventurers. The contract, ns first arranged, 'covered the financing of the .enterprise and to set up a trading ' post.'. The question planned then was how many would po across the sea; and who? It was decided that if a majority voted to go. Robinson should lead them ; if 'the majority voted not to go, Brewster should lead those who went The majority voted not to go, and Robinson never saw the New world. On September 10, 1620, the Mayflower left Plymouth on her Immortal voyage. In mid ocean they nearly turned back because of some structural weaknesses in the ship. Lund was sighted on the nineteenth of November. The sailors said It was Cape Cod; so they turned south, as they were under a Virginia patent and must land In territory controlled by the Virginia company. They quickly ran Into the shoals and breakers that Ie about" ' the cape, and then turned northward. In doing this they abandoned their patent en- tirely. ' The famous compact signed In the May- flowers cabin before they landed was drawn up not as a kind of earlier Declaration of Indepenv dence, as orators time out of mind have said, but because some of the men denied that Bradford had ' any authority over them after the patent had been Thfc new 'Instrument was intended to abandoned. be a declaration that all stood on an equal footing. ,Tlie critical rerlpd of the Plymouth colony , was from 1620 to 1627. In those seven years its found-- . ers achieved the success and rendered the unique service that have mightily Influenced the subse quent development of the world. These were not the first religious zealots who landed in .the New World, fertile Huguenots bed preceded them; nor was Plymouth the first col- ony, for:many settlements had been made earlier; but they first interpreted America to Europe. The thing that impressed Europe was not the high ideals of the Pilgrims, not their religious devotion ; the fact that counted was their economic success. It is not easy for us to understand wlt It earn In those days to demonstrate to the Old World that men could live, could even prosper. In the New World, without aid from over the sea. No one had previously dene It; no one believed It women of Plymouth could be done. The men-ancame to the New World to' make homes, to stick even though they died In the struggle. They stuck and they died. In the first year more than one-hatheir number died. In the next six years, out of a population of one hundred and ninety-nin- e only six died. Th great Puritan migration which began In 1627 which directly created Massachusetts, and , had an nltnost immeasurable Influence In founding New England was the direct result not of the Pilgrims religious beliefs but of the economic success achieved at Plymouth.,. . Six, possibly more, of the guarantors of the Bay colony had been members of the Adventurers who purchased the Mayflower and backed the original enterprise. . They knew the whole story Intimately and profited by the exserlence. MILK GOAT INDUSTRY GROWS Animal Will 8upply Sufficient Amount of Milk for Average Family Easily Kept . . d lf . ? ' . of England. Nevertheless, Plymouth began relatively to lose ground. Whole communities came over In a body, bringing all classes from laborers to physicians and clergymen; but few went to Plymouth. The Pilgrims had no constituency. Their bitter opposition to the established church and to the Puritans, and their desire to be. let alone, effectually Isolated them from their sister colonies. In the next two decades Bradford, Brewster, and Standlsh ' died and Winslow returned to England. The creation of thriving towns all about Massachusetts bay and to the west as far as the Connecticut river, on the Sound, and even over on Long Island, powerfully reacted on the little group. Up to 1630 Plymouth was the dominant force In the New World. After thnt men and events swept past her and around her until In 1691, she was swallowed up by Massachusetts. y Their absorption Into the Massachusetts colony was easy and natural. In 1691 their creed did not differ materially from that of the churches founded In Salem and, in the later colonies. All the New England- - churches were as completely separated, from die established church as even Robinson ' . could have wished. The political extinction of Plymouth was really a triumph. The Pilgrims had conquered spiritually. The New England churches were ruled by the congregations. What they called popish practices were everywhere ended. Plymouth, losing her civic independence, became first a general possession of all New England and then a tradition of the nation. The little Mayflower band bad become, a mighty host, steadfast always in the maintenance of Individual rights, and latterly stout defenders of religious liberty. sons more now the of There are Pilgrims In the Mississippi valley than In Massachusetts, more on the Pacific coast than In Plymouth., The revolt at Scrooby, so unimportant that it was scarcely noticed by the authorities, at first registered merely a protest against established error and power. Then, with little conception of the significance of their acts, the men who led that revolt became the most successful adventurers ' . ' In all history. Europe generally regarded America much as the Greeks regarded all the world beyond the Pillars of Hercules as uninhabitable, except by barbarians, and full of terrible monsters. Coloniza tlon had' previously been a failure because it had The un lacked knowledge .nd a right purpose. charted western seas and the unexplored western world were! almost as mysterious In 1620 as they had been In 1492. The economic success of Plymouth dissipated the mystery and made the 'continent a land for citizens rather than for adventurers, for workers rnther than for profligate peers, Europes attitude was immediately changed, nnd the New, World was elowly transformed from a Illimitable opportunity. Botany bay into a place of The Pilgrims were politically Impracticable and remained economically .unimportant to the end. as a They were spiritually brave, but ' body apart with. They agreed live to Impossible were they with few. and few agreed with them; but they made the great demonstration, they and not Columbus made the great discovery.' An ancient legend tells us that the two great rocks standing one on the southerly point of over against It on the northerly Spain, the other were tom asunder by Hercules Africa, of point to admit the Atlantic and form the Mediterranean sea This beautiful old myth, as Is the habit of facts and explained myths, fitted Itself to existing a mystery by creating a greater mystery. The Pilgrims did not mystify. They answered the riddle over which Europe had gravely pondmore than a hundred years. They lifted ered-for conthe curtain, which for six hundred years had cealed the great mystery. With their feeble hands marked the entrance tn they erected pillars that a new continent through which, speedily poured the flood of life that has given America to tin. ed ' The production of milk goats has for a great many years been an ImInk portant feature of the dustry In many European countries, but it has never secured a very strong foothold In the ' United States. In this country the goat has always been . an animal of more or less ridicule, as the majority of the people do not realize the possibilities of certain breeds or types that have been bred for many years along definite lines, say specialists of the United States Department . of Agriculture. In continental Europe milk goats are largely used by families unable to keep a cow, and great benefit is derived from having fresh milk at hand and et a low cost. In those countries' the goat Is often spoken of as the poor mans cow."' During the past several years considerable interest has been manifested In the milk-goIndustry In this country. The fact that the goat will supply sufficient milk for the average family and can be kept where it would he Impossible to keep a cow Is beginning to appeal to many people, especially those living in the small towns and the suburbs of the large cities. The milk-goindustry Is only In Its infancy In America, the department specialists say. This type of goat Is adapted to our country, and the Industry should become of greater Importance every year. live-stoc- Make the Keeping of the Diary a of Each Day's Routine. . Part The diary supplies personal Items. Items of supplementary Interest which usually are left out of the accounts.. Without the diary, the task of keeping the books of the farm business becomes dry and uninteresting. Only persistency and practice will a diary. make one an adept The only rule whleb can be followed Is that the entries must be kept Interesting, and in choosing an inter-estlnhigh light in the days ' work one must have an eye to the future, as well as to the present. It Is Important to write the records regularly. - Make entries in the diary every evening at a certain time, and consider it as a part f the dally routine. Once the owner commences to slight his diary. Its failure is certain. Best Materials Essential. It never pays to use Inferior materials in the making of a farm diary; the work Is Important enough to merit the use of good tools. Good paper and binding, a good pen, and ink that will not fade in a few years are essentials iii preparing a volume that will grow in value and Interest as its It Is a mistake to age increases. think a small blank book is sufficient The limited size of tie sheets makes writing cramped and uncomfortable and detracts from ; the 'pleasure of writing up the record. While a diary can hardly "supply the required amount of bookkeeping for a large and extensive farm business, it does record facts and figures that are neve: preserved in any other form. g , ALFALFA SEED THIS SEASON to Reports to Bureau of Markets and Crop Estimates Production Is Larger. According A somewhat larger production of alfalfa seed this year than last Is Indicated by reports to the bureau of markets nnd crop estimates. Dry, hot wenti.er interfered with the crop In portions of the Southwest, but else where the crop Is larger than usual. , |