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Show EMERY COUNTY PROGRESS. CASTLE DALE. UTAH internal Revenue 6s Guide to A VOICE FROM THE COUNTRY (Eternal (Problem Agricultural Revolution Dooms General Farm rHiU (Editors Note: This is the first in a series vru of arUcles on cur- rent problems by Louis Bromfleld. One ot Americas leading writers, Bromfield is author ot The Green Bay Tree, the The Rains Came. Earl Antumn, PuUtser Pleasant Valley and numerous other books.) prize-winni- WhenQiooof By LOUIS BROMFIELD Released by WNU Features. By BAUKHAGE Lately there has arisen in the mind of the writer doubts concerning two patterns of American life in which all of us have taken great pride in the past. These are unwelcome doubts but observation and study of the patterns in relation to the highly integrated industrialized world in which we live are: make them unavoidable. News Analyst an d Commentator. WASHINGTON. It is a cloudy fall day, and the last tattered brown leaves are fluttering nervously on otherwise-bar- e branches, wondering whether it is better to make the plunge now or wait for more favorable breezes. About the game thing is going on in an old colonial mansion on Connecticut avenue where, beneath those high ceilings and surroundings, Republican national committee typewriters are clicking mimeographing machines are whirring and sweet telephone bells jangle out of tune. $ Party leaders, like the uncertain that it gives uncommonly little to leaves are wondering whether the the common man and is balm of twice-vetoe- d tax bilj, carefully re- gilead for the brackets. high with furnished and upholstered what they hope in Republicans counter with the equipment, will bring in the votes assertion that tax relief is a crythis time. ing need. They feel Americans will not be too angry if their Down the block and across the where financial load is Ughtened at the street in an the plaster on the expense of Europe, provided walls is hardly that emergency relief is voted and perhaps a MarshaU plan acdry, sit their opcepted in principle but considposites, members of the Democraterably shaved down as to the ic national comtotal actually authorized. mittee, in their brand-neYou may have read the report quarTaxes and the Budget: a Program ters. They are for Prosperity In a Free Economy, hopefully preda document issued by the icting that any effort to make Committee for Economic Development. This group emthis tax reduction bill a law ploys a large staff of experts who when the world study governmental problems and is trembling on report on them at frequent intervals. the edge of disaster, will boomThere is much in this latest report to give aid and comfort to the erang. Democrats say that il a tax reschool, but it also contains duction bill should pass, is vetoed the warning that "it is not necesand the veto overridden, what it sary or desirable to make final dedoes for the folks with over $5,000 cisions about 1948 tax policies at income a year will be balanced off this time. It will be necessary early by what it doesnt do for the folks next year. At that time, it will be below that income bracket. possible to get a clearer picture of the expenditure outlook ahead and Too remember the original of the degree of inflationary presbill, (H.R. 1.) the first bill into sure which then exists. the house hopper January 3. 1947. At that time Democrats But the question of inflationlabelled It the bill, ary pressure and how to ease claimed It would save the man it is already a highly political with two dependents and $2,500 one. Both parties realize that a year income only 59 cents a they have to grab the reins if week, while it would save the they are going to get credit for man with a $100,000 yearly in- eome $250 a week. guiding the country out of a boom-bucycle. But that tax reduction bill and a later one substantially the same were squashed by presidential veto and congress upheld the veto But Apple Cart Tipped now the possibility of something When President Truinan revealed new (and very attractive) has been the fact that he intended to use the added A community property tax emergency session of congress conprovision for every taxpayer. vening November 17, not merely to Briefly this means that a husband consider aid to Europe, but also to and wife may divide their income ponder a program for lowered into two equal parts, computing the prices, it upset the apple cart. as tax on each of those parts, and mul- one Republican said to me. An tiplying by two.. This naturally cuts agreement had been reached to give the total amount of tax to be paid. priority to aid to Under present tax schedules, for exEurope. Senator Taft, boss of the ample, the tax on two Joint incomes of $50,000 each comfcs to less than Republican policy income beimmethe tax on a $100, 000-ncommittee, d surcause of the diately made the tax rates. reassuring state-men- t that he felt COP Confident the question of emergency aid and Of BilVs Patsage prelimipossible Thirteen states Oregon, Wash nary legislation on New Mexico. California, ington, the Marshal plan Arizona, Nevada, Idaho, Texas. Okcould and would be lahoma, Louisiana, Nebraska, Michsatisfactorily taken and Pennsylvania already care of by December igan 19. He didnt have community property tax proif anything, he had in what else, say visions. So has Hawaii. The pro- mind for the boys on the hill to vision, if inserted in a federal tax handle. But he did assure them bill, would put citizens of the other would be home well before they the 35 states on the same basis. Christmas holidays. The money savings under the Then came the Truman announceproperty tax clause ment that efforts to community check inflation couwould not benefit those married would be considered on a par with ples whose combined net income is the plan. He said the less than $3,000 because the rates two were interwoven beclosely to that point That don't change up cause if the dollar continued to is why opponents say this commushrink, the purchases of supplies nity property tax proposal, too, is couldn't be stretched to meet the aimed at saving money for the big- need. and out doesnt help ger taxpayers After that Taft lost little time in the little fellows (although the tax protossing any implied advisor to the ways and means committee tells me that neither would gram for the congressional session any benefits accrue under this pro- to the winds. If Truman was to invision to the married couple whose clude consideration of a domestic combined income is $5,127,000 a economy program, all bets were off. "All of the policies of the presyear) ent administration, said Senator But the Republicans feel sure Taft, were so bad he couldnt "go that this proposal would carry a along with them. bill through. They And so the apple claim many Democrats living in cart was upset. states contiguous to the comtax states What Is going to happen is demunity property would support it. , cidedly hazy at this writing. Heres the way Democrats view the situation: They know that the last tax bill might have been passed over the veto; some say it certainly could have been passed, had it included the community property tax provision. They are not flippant about the Government controls on the faRepublicans ability to muster the vored American practice of installs vote this time necessary ment went off November 1, buying a veto. to override now on the purchase of from and But Democrats nourish this hope: That if tax debate is insisted upon that radio or refrigerator is strictly before the question of lower prices a matter between you and the dealand European aid (including the er unless congress decides to step Marshall plan as well as in again at the special session. One result of the removal of inemergency aid) is settled, the public will say Republicans are fiddling stallment buying curbs is very likewith politics while Europe burns ly to be an increase in the already and will repudiate those Republicbadly swollen prices of consumer ans at the polls. goods. Even if a tax bill should surmount Under the law. now out of effect, a Democrats still down payment of the ot the hope it will boomerang on the fa- purchase price was required of miliar argument, mentioned earlier. anyone buying on the Installment -- g non-prof- it 30 st IThat PICTURE OF PORPOISE . . . Porpoises, frisky schoolboys of the sea, are forever playing their version of leap frog. Here are eight of them (count em) caught in a playful mood by the camera off the coast of Southport, N. C. ACCIDENTAL Big 4 Harmony Remote; Grain Men Ask Hearing BIG FOUR: minor economic law is operating in this particular controversy: Pessimism of the most occurrence of re- With the imminence vital international cent months the Big Four foreign ministers meeting in London on November 25 the mood surrounding the coming conference was predominantly one of pessimism. That there was much justification for such pessimism, no one doubted. When the chief representatives of the U. S., Great Britain, France and Russia come together they will tackle the tough, deadlocked problems of writing peace treaties for Germany and Austria. Deputy foreign ministers, in London to dispense with preliminaries before Marshall, Molotov, Bevin and Bidault put their heads together, said the powers were as badly split as ever on major issues. If the conference fails, as it is very likely to do, the U. S. will have to face the question of whether or not it wants to conclude a separate peace with that portion of Germany zone. outside the Russian-occupie- d Such a treaty, not involving the Soviets, probably would precipitate a final split between this nation and Russia. Nevertheless, sentiment has been rising in the U. S. favoring such an action if the Soviets refuse to cooperate in straightening out the problems of Germany. James F. Byrnes, former secretary of state, advocated that course, as have other responsible officials. The corollary to that proposition is that the U. S. then must follow through by keeping itself strong militarily and economically, proving to the rest of the world that it has embarked on a definite policy course and that that course is the right one. INVITATION: Grain Battle Three of the nation' major grain exchanges, smarting under President Trumans accusation that their "speculation" is responsible for prevailing high prices of cereals, have carried the attack into the enemy camp by requesting a special congressional investigation by the joint committee on the economic report. The request was made by the Chicago board of trade, Kansas City board of trade and the Minneapolis grain exchange in a letter to Sen. Robert Taft (Rep., O.) and Rep. Jesse P. Wolcott (Rep., Mich.), of the committee. Taft responded immediately with a promise of further hearings. Countering Mr. Trumans repeated charges that gambling and speculation by grain exchanges have boosted food prices higher, the exchange officials contended that the real cause of the rise in grain prices is the administration's "extraordinary and ever increasing purchases of grain and flour for export." Administration bungling and lack of planning" also were cited by the grain officials. Wherever the truth may lie and it probably is somewhere midway between the government and grain it should be exchange viewpoints recognized that a force akin to a Normal reaction, government whenever grain prices shoot above what is considered a safe level, is to lay the blame on the grain exchanges, charging them with manipulating prices through speculation. That has occurred often enough in U. S. history to bear out the theory. Grain dealers, of course, invariably blame the situation on over-exportin- From that standpoint, at least, an investigation at this time should shed some new light on the longstanding controversy. It might even provide some real information on why prices are so high. HEADLINERS . . . Sen. Owen Brewster (Rep., Me.), above, of the senate war investigating committee, smiled gently, called first successful tests of Howard Hughes 25 million dollar flying boat gratifying. IN SARASOTA, FLA. . . . The ribune, polling beardless males to discover how many strokes are needed for the morning shave, compiled this statistic: From 38 strokes for a fuzz bearder to 175 for a wire IN WASHINGTON Herald-T- hair. IN TACOMA . . . Edgar H. Eisenthe hower, generals brother, laughed heartily, said be was only joking when he remarked that he would form an Against Eisenhower for President Club" with himself as president RED CZECHS: Go Communist Add Czechoslovakia to the list ot Communist - dominated nations in Eastern Europe. A man named Element Gottwald, Communist premier of Czechoslovakia, has emerged as a new strong man, possessing complete authority from the national cabinet to rebuild the government of Slovakia. Rebuilding the government of the nation will mean simply that Gottwald and his Communists will change Czechoslovakia from a nation whose people had at least a part measure of to a nation under totalitarian rule. Although the Slovak Democrats, predominantly conservative, are the majority party in the country, the Communists were able to place Gott-wsla former blacksmith, in complete power. Thus Czechoslovakia has shifted from a position as a Soviet satellite with some will of its own to a lower position as a Russian dominated state with literally no It has become another unit in the string of Soviet buffer states to the south and west. d, Curbs Off, Prices May Go Up e veto-hurdl- one-thir- plan. Now, however, the rule book has been thrown away, and retailers doubtlessly will reduce the amount of the initial payment. Attracted by the lure of "easy terms, householders now may see their way clear to buying needed items that they felt they could not afford before. With the down payment and installment terms relaxed, demand for goods is sure to rise: but it is certainly far from sure that the supply of such goods will Increase accordhard-presse- ingly. Thus, if the old law of supply and demand follows its natural bent. The well painted bams and pattern houses, the new automobiles, the general farm is doomed. That our present compii- landscaped grounds around the all farm house, the good fences cated, complex economic of these one sees on dairy farms, civilization cannot afford countfruit farms or potato farms. The less small enterprises save farms that appear to be falling under very exceptional circumstances. apart are almost always practicold pioneer Both doubts are certain to arouse ing agriculture in the A good many of them are pattern. both but protest and even abuse, or shiftdeserve the consideration of every closing down each year over to specialization in order ing citizen. thoughtful to improve income and living standThe general farm, producing a ards or even to survive. American an little of everything, is It is all part of the vast agriculpattern growing tural revolution now in progress and out of life upon it is the result of pressures from frontiers our isolated mechanized highly integrated, and no longer fits industrialized civilization. The farm into a highly com- is no longer a frontier outpost in plex national econ- the defense against Indian attack omy. A few acres when it was necessary to produce of corn or oats or everything that was conwheat or hay can- nearly sumed. not support a corn In most productive areas of picker, a combine or a hay bailer. the U. S. today, a farmer is an Therefore the genintegral part of our social, meeral farmer is at economlo structure chanical, once at a great disusing electricity, gasoline, maadvantage, in competing with the chinery, prepared feeds and corn farmer, the wheat farmer or other things which bind him into the specialist grass farmer or the the whole structure so that he must integrate himself and his fruit farmer, all of whom are dofarm into the structure in order ing efficient jobs along specialist lines with the high degree of mechto survive. anization which any specialist enThe farmer of the future will not terprise can support. but a a be Because the general farm cannot businessman, a scientist and a spemechania of support high degree cialist. All of us will benefit by the change in terms of prices lowered through efficiency, in terms of health and in terms of taxes which no longer will be needed to subsidize farms living by a pattern which has become obsolete and which, in the past, has cost us dearly in many ways. The passing of the general farm does not mean the passing of the family-size- d farm. It is not a ques" Because the general farm cannot tion of the amount of land but of support a high degree of mechaniza- how it is used and what the farm tion, the general farmer must work plan is. A specialized farm of 100 acres operated under an efficient long hours, do things in an slow and inefficient way." plan produces 5 to 10 times as much income with much less labor zation, the general farmer must work long hours, do things in an slow and inefficient way. His gross income is almost certain to be only a fraction of that of the specialist in dairying, grass farming, com and hogs, fruit, potatoes or any other undertaking where a man is doing one or two things efficiently and well, instead of 10 or 15 things inefficiently, slowly and painfully. I know of one specialist farm of 160 acres, raising apples, raspberries and hybrid seed com which last year grossed $33,000. It is highly mechanized. Alfalfa is grown not to feed cattle but to mulch orchards and raspberries. The labor schedule is balanced the year round with no peaks and no slack periods. All attention is focused upon the "The farmer of the future will not three specialties and high producbut a busition yields per acre rather than be a gambling upon high prices to sur- ness man, a scientist and a specialist. vive is the basis of all operations. than the same acreage operated The income is high and the hours old system of egg short because the farmer is operat- under the money for the wife. Sentimentalefficiently. ing ly, the passing is sad but Im afraid it is inevitable. The same acreage, operating as a general farm with a few chickens, a few cows, a few hogs, a few acres of wheat, oats, corn or hay, could have produced a maximum gross inFORT LEWIS, WASH. Designed come, even in these times of to keep army personnel "accident of about high prices, only conscious, a new safety program $6,000 or $7,000, with a net of has been launched by Fort Lewis not more than $3,000. officials. Separate unit headquarters are The farmer would be at the mercy of a custom bailer, com issued white flags, to be flown from picker, combine or haybailer, and the roofs of headquarters buildings. would be forced to do things the In case of an accident resulting in hard, way and fre- hospitalization or death of unit perquently suffer losses because the sonnel, the white flag is taken down machinery was not available when and replaced with a black flag. his crops were ready. Bad weather or sudden decline in prices can ruin him or reduce him to subsistence Never Too level. ALBANY, N. Y. Yon can I suspect that in another generteach an old dog new tricks, ination the sists State Sen. Thomas C. Desgeneral farm will have become a curiosity mond, chairman of a legislative except in poor agricultural areas group investigating problems of where a few farms cling to the the aged. As proof, he offers old ways. Anyone with an observant evidence that one eye driving through agricultural "over 65 listed himself as an country can see for himself the on a apprentice waning of the old pattern. of nt VyHAT: on what Do you want seS be content with,!, to have that assurJJ Service is a good w 0 its pension benefit, id, Dozens of in our Readergelds where the jobsT'L selling tranpoSyi tU.1 ajjdvlili sAstSSi Weekly Newspaper wipi'A Street. New York if address with iciV V011 wl Christmas tiring experience iuL suggestion. For the pleasure of d? smoking-h- ere art? items that are the man or womaj mild, mellow, rid rettes, select a caf a national favorite'1 ' pipe-smoke- r, Wjstl pound tin of the large tobacco. Prince j Camels and Prince; gay gift packages e wrapping is necesil and Prince Albert fi give. At your deale r, INSTALLMENT BUYING two-third- Thej the 2 NEWS REVIEW steeply-graduate- long-rang- k Old-Fashion- ed Income Tax Spectre Haunts Next Session of Congress office-buildin- U Where will rise too, or the day of falling prices will be postponed. Installment credit, economists say, is a volatile factor in our economy and can be a considerable force operating to help bring about a depression. When goods are available on easy credit terms, consumers are tempte ed to buy to the limit. They their incomes. This accentuates the boom and eventually a saturation point is reached. The excessive credit has to be liquidated out of current income on the downswing. and so the depression, if one is already in the making, is given a further impetus prices over-pledg- Only Vicks VapoRUbe , action when you nann chest and back at bet H special Penetrating It to PENETRATES tubes with special me It STIMULATES chest indOI like a wanning poult keeps working far - H hours-eve- n' While you sleep Quafitf T; AC Elements have u guard in the Colletts ' . Its made ot acidprkp M which cant ret pollution of the engine oil Dont take a chance on dirty oil. Buy I AC and be sure. hunter-trapper-farm- DIack Flags Spur Army Safety Plan Old - old-tim- er Lords Acre Nets $30,000 for Needy N. Y. Residents of its. The auction climaxed a project commenced a year ago when residents of the village decided to do all proceeds destined to go for do- something to relieve worldwide sufmestic and foreign relief. fering and to promote human underAn auction sale, offering mer- standing. chandise collected through Three charitable institutions, community effort as well as Catholic Welfare the output from fields in the adja- Protestant Restoration association, fund cent territory, attracted 7,000 buy- United Jewish appeal, will shareand in a to Lord's ers Acre, pleasant plot the proceeds. Nine families needy of land just inside the village lim in foreign countries will be aided. BYRON, this farming community harvested a $30,000 crop on Lords Acre, with Na-tion- mss rhii $dt ur aw heal hial |