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Show KMERY COUNTY PROGRESS. CASTLE DALE. UTAH Federal Plan to Tame Missouri River Alter War Will Benefit Mounting Battle Tempo Calls for More Material Dams Curb Erosion, to Route Manpower Into Critical Work; Labor Needs V2ry Throughout Different Areas. WNU Washington Correspondent Trust Building raw material and Didnt War Mobilizer Byrnes say almost equalled the production of the entire world? These questions are being asked In many minds. I have asked them of the men whose Job it Is to get things done In Washington, and I want to try to put their answers before you. Let me quote one sentence spoken by War Mobilizer Byrnes himself: "Critical production no longer or goes into stratefeeds pipe-line- s gic reserves it is going right Into battle." If we compare "critical production with fighting units, perhaps the counter-offensiv- e recent German will help us see the picture. When Von Rundstedts drive started, men and tanks and guns and trucks, "critical production" in other words, all had to be poured into actual battle. The result was that there were Just not enough of them in the right place at the right time and our line crumbled. There were no immediate reserves to throw in and bolster the defense. Later on, when the veterans from the Third army and the First army and the British troops arrived, the tide was turned. They represented the reserves of "critical production" which should have been there all the time. For many months on that particular front only the men in the front lines were needed. There were enough men there to take care of the normal enemy opposing them. It was a minimum force without enough reserve to take care of maximum need and they were t thrown back. That is the situation in war production today. Certain critical supplies (airplanes,- - tanks, other vehicles and thejr accessories, certain types of ordnance, certain types of ammunition) are being used so fast In battle that if an extra strain developed at a certain point there would not be any reserve to call upon. Changing Conditiont Alter Planning Why are these things lacking? Why didn't we pile them up, as we do other things, until we had enough to take care of an emergency? Chiefly, because their greatest need developed after we started our war programs. Reserves for the future can only be based on or estimates based on previous knowledge, or lucky guessing. When the war began nobody, not even the Japs who used amphibious warfare in the early stages to the best advantage, had any idea of the type and number of landing-craf- t, to say nothing of the. technique of operating them, which are used in the latest Allied operations. The contrast between the Japanese landing in Lingayen bay and the American landing three years later in the same place is astounding. Byrnes used as examples of other inventions and unpredictables," improvements over old models. Jet planes, new types of radar Snd the like. Today, 55 per cent of our war production does not need to rise. Some of it is properly declining. But there are other parts of the program which are lagging that should mount, because they are Of course, "critical production. some plants making such goods are temporarily closed while for new models. Others are under construction. But many plants lack nothing except manpower, those, for example, making certain types of planes and tanks and ships. Tires are being ground to pieces by shell splinters in the mud of Luxembourg and Belgium. Tanks are rolling from New Guinea to the Philippines to the Rhine, and bigger and better ones are demanded There is a constant need for all kinds of ammunition, but there is critical need for certain types of ammunition, both heavy and light. And so we come to the main problem which is really the only problem today manpower. We have the present-informatio- BARBS There is a report that Hitler even hear himself properly more Lucky Adolph. have the manufacturing facilities in time. Undersecretary of War Patterson told the house military affairs committee that In the first six months of 1945, 700,000 men would be needed for war production and industry necessary to the war effort. I have talked with the War Manpower commission experts and they break down those figures something like this: One hundred and fifty thousand men needed immediately for critical war production. One hundred and fifty thousand more for other war production to take care of the normal turn-oveexpected replacements, etc. The remaining 400,000 must be retained in civilian production and services which have to be continued in order to maintain the total war effort. The situation Is summed up in general terms this way: The manpower mobilization problem is not as large as.it was in 1942 and 1943 but it is more acute in certain lines. Two things contribute to making it more acute. One is the fact that we havent the pool of either civilian production or the unemployed from which to draw as we had at the start. Second, because the needs are "critical" (battle needs) they must be satisfied immediately or the actual front-lin- e activities may be Immediately affected. One thing which must be considered Is the geographical shift of the American labor force, a point which affects the general situation for it involves moving a worker from place to place. And in the present need, although the West coast (where labor is concentrated) is still the most critical area, the building of new factories to meet new needs and the change in the type of needs from one established factory in one place to one in another place involves the question of suasion or force on the worker. For Instance, there is a great need In Utah and Wyoming for workers in coal mines. The scattered foundry sections from Michigan and Ohio, through Pennsylvania and New York to Wew England are critical areas. Even plane production, concentrated in the West, has its problems, for, although some airplane factories on the Pacific coast have closed down, many of the new factories for the flying fortresses and other new models are in areas other than the West coast. We have the man and woman-powin the nation to take care of the need. It is a question of getting the right man in the right place. cant any They say a girl gave the answer, "The telephone rirgs," when asked by the professor as to what happens when a body is Immersed in water. But I doubt if she felt that it would put a wet blanket on her will Army engineers and the bureau of reclamation of the interior department have been for some time at in the development of a comprehensive plan. The army approached the job from the standpoint of navigation and flood control. The reclamation engineers were Interested also in irrigation, erosion control and power projects. On November 27, 1944, a reconciliation report was filed in which the two agencies were in complete accord and the congress in its flood control bill accepted the entire program and also authorized $200,000,-00- 0 each to the army and the cross-purpos- Wf TOO MUCH WATER The rampaging Missouri river is eroding millions of .tons of good soil away every year. Here the flood waters carved into the bank, washing out a road, and leaving a pillar of earth to indicate the earlier line. k non-wa- j bureau of reclamation to get the program underway. President Roosevelt signed the bill on December 23, but put a hiatus in the proceedings by recommending the creation of a Missouri Valley authority to handle the project and asserting that his approval of the bill was with the distinct understanding that it would in no way jeopardize the creation of such an agency. He appealed for early con-- . sideration of the new authority by the 79th congress. The President further asserted: "I consider the projects authorized by the bill to be primarily for postwar construction. Now. Hence, the project is now merely Only Blue-Pri- nt in the blue-pristage and it is possible that a fight may develop in the new congress over whether there shall be divided responsibility as to the army and the reclamation bureau, or whether a new Missouri valley authority shall be created. Proponents of single regional control point to the Tennessee Valley authority and its successful operation as a yardstick for future federal policy in developing and controlling all the nation's waterways. However, there are powerful interests which oppose the creation of these regional authorities, such as the power utility interests, the railroads, the national rivers and harbors congress, the Mississippi Valley association, and even divided public opinion along the waterway. The rule of thumb, for instance, of the TVA is that regional authority will produce the largest possible benefits at the least possible costs, and "each task must be carried out in such a way as to contribute to the total result to salvage every nt Ralph Waldo Emerson once saio that "Good is a good doctor but Bad is sometimes a better." But what difference does it make? They're probably both in the army now. ITT' IB 4 sev irritaOj at t lo Bui you' possible benefit and the ultimate goal should be the greatest procurable economic returns and human benefits for the entire region." Arguments on Rule. Eben agricultural interests are divided on the pros and cons of regional authorities as opposed to operation by established federal agencies. For instance, in agricultural sections where there is plentiful rainfall along the lower Missouri and water resources are adequate, opposition is voiced as subsidized competition by the extension of irrigation. Public opinion is joined in industrial areas with the railroads in opposing the development of new competing waterways. One basic objection to operation by the reclamation bureau has come from large land owners and ranchers of the west and northwest. Under the law governing the bureau of reclamation, this agency cannot propose irrigation for more than 160 acres of land for any one person. Another objection is that all reclamation projects must be over a period of approximately 40 years. In contrast, the statutes governing TVA give 60 years or more for liquidation and a regional authority likely would not be hamstrung by the limitation of acreage proviso. In a recent pronouncement however, Harry W. Bashore, commissioner of the reclamation bureau said: We continue to stand on the basic policy that the bureau will support the principle of relatively small family farms as one of the foundations of American agriculture and rural social life. On new land which is brought under irrigation for the first time, we shall insist that the undeveloped property be parcelled in lots of not more than 160 acres. Forms Shrink in Size. During the past 20 years the average size farm or ranch in the states of the Missouri basin have increased, rather than diminished in size, due largely to the decrease in population. For instance, in 1920, the average size farm in Montana was 480 acres, in Wyoming was 749 acres and in Nebraska it was 339 acres. By 1940 the farms had increased to 821 acres, 1,866 acres and 391 acres, respectively. Dust bowls, droughts, floods have driven farmers and ranchers from the plains states during the past decade. Net loss of population in the period from 1930 to 1940 in the seven plains states was 302,314. In the Missouri-Souri- s area of North Dakota, a strictly rural farm area, 28.7 per cent of the population moved out, equal to 1,000 families of five each. The financial loss entailed by this shift of population in at least four of these states is reflected in abandoned farms, abandoned towns and unused properties. It is further reflected in increase of size and congestion in the three larger cities of the basin, Denver, Omaha and Kansas City. These Benefits Expected. The agreed plan of the reclamation bureau and the army engineers is intended to do these things: 1 Provide navigation and flood control on the river from its mouth to Sioux City, a distance of about 760 miles, by construction of levees and revetments to provide a channel 6 feet deep and 300 feet wide. 2 Construct 89 reservoirs and dams with a combined capacity of 45,700,000 acre feet of water. (An acre-fois water a foot deep over one acre.) This is more than the annual average flow of the river at its mouth. These reservoirs are to be constructed to withhold water along the main tributaries including the Y'eliowstone, the Big Horn, the Belle Fourrhe, the Cheyenne, the North Platte, the Republican, the Smoky Hill and along the main ot stream. 3 Irrigation of 4,760,400 acres of new land and furnishing supplemental water to 547,000 additional acres to Increase crop values approximately $130,000,000 annually on 53,000 farms of about 90 acres each. 4 To increase the population of the Basin by about 636,000 from irrigation development alone. 5 To increase the assessed valuation of properties approximately $600,000,000. 6 To furnish adequate and safe water supply and sewage facilities for 19 cities and towns along the river. 7 To construct 17 hydroelectric plants which will provide 3,800,000,-00- 0 kilowatt hours of electricity to be sold at an annual value of create additional recreational facilities through formation of new lakes and parks and the protection of fish and wild life. 9 To introduce proper land use, soil erosion conservation, contour treatment and reforestation. States in the Missouri Basin watershed include approximately of Montana, from the source of the Missouri in the southwest corner of the state; North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Wyoming, including roughly the northeast half from a line bisecting the state from the northwest to the southeast corner; approximately the northeast quarter of Colorado; the north half of Kansas; a tip of the southwest corner of Minnesota; a strip along the west boundary of Iowa and the northern part of Missouri from a line reaching from the Ozarks in the southwest in a northeasterly direction to St. Louis. Needs of the people in these widely scattered areas of long distances are divergent. Those living along the lower river want flood protection at one season, and supplemental water for navigation at others. In the western and northwestern section the people want protection from local floods, water for irrigation, water for sanitary and domestic uses and power for various purposes. The comprehensive plan which has been agreed upon is intended to store water to prevent floods and water the land in time of drought The great river will be made to serve the people to live within its basin and thus decrease its destruc-tiv- e power. " Will Pay for Itself. Construction cost of the plan is estimated at approximately 0 which is to be from the sale of water and power over a period to be deter-mineOnly $400,000,000 of this cost has been authorized. The entire nation has a stake in maintaining the agricultural productivity of the plains states, for even in the drought 9 period of these seven states Montana, the Dakotas. Wyoming, Colorado, Kansas and Nebraska, produced 41.5 per cent of the nation's wheat; 43 4 per cent of the rye; 43 8 per cent of our barley; 15.3 per cent of our oats and 10 per cent of our corn. Droughts, the dustbowls and the lowering of the ground water level by the rampaging river has permitted wheat yields to reach 2C bushels to the acre only 5 times 1879, 1882, 1883, 1895 and not again until 1942. In 8 ... ... The terrible crash of the old China of Clipper at Trinidad reminded us the flight we made from Natal to the U. S. . . . The Boeing circled over Port of Spain for more than an hour waiting, we learned, for the man in charge of the field lights to wake up and turn them on. . . . The law there at the time, it appears, prohibited plane landings at night. . . . When the China Clipper crashed it was the first time Trinidad permitted planes to land at night. To two-thir- r $1,325,-000,00- 1930-193- many of those intervening years the yield has been below 10 bushels to the acre, thousands of acres of seeded and land have been abandoned year in and year out. But at last the government has a developed comprehensive clan aimed at the relief of this agricul tural arsenal of the nation. From fnUttrank'- Mnl' in lhe northwest in the southeast; from ?oe"verVhe southe to Devih D.'. ln the northeast the harnessed Missoun will extend benefits-- but not until after the war. - if The author of Argentine Diary (Ray Josephs) has an exciting reIt is the first port in Cosmopolitan. article On Evita (Little Eva) Duarte, the girl behind the Colonels clique in Argentina. . . . We wrote about her activities here last June the first story to appear in the U. S. about her influence in Argentina. . . . Little Eva, we said, e a worked playboys herself up, colonel by colonel, to a top spot in the leading Fascist regime in the Americas. . . . Josephs' Cosmo piece is called "Under Cover Girl," and youll know why when you read it. . . . His story, he tells us, was inspired by the item her about her, and that is why the editors bought it. . . . Two major movie studios are interested, too, report the author. . . . Thus a columnai item has bloomed. h one-tim- WHEM CONSTIPATION mil-- ,. punk as the dickens, brings ota upset, sour taste, take Dr Caldweu's to quickly pufl the trigger ojM sards and help you ted f chipper again. tupc faM aons, ler ' lb OR. CALDWELLS is the tone na laxative contained in good mi Pepsin to make it so easy to uL MANY DOCTORS me pepsin tons in prescriptions to We n cine more palatable and egr take. So be sure your luatj.,, tamed in Syrup Pepsin. INSIST ON DR. CALDWEUVl vorite of millions for 50 jeta that wholesome relief htatZ ton. Even finicky children Jont CAUTION: Use only as directs, nay, Ml Z dr. caw rele, SENNA LAXATIVE COntainid SYRUP gal-pa- l, u T, the iction Font Things like this are making Secy of State tinius a very respected gent around Washington. . . . The other day he invited Secy of Interior Ickes and his staff to meet with the State Dept at a private dinner. . . . Mr. Ickes was asked to make a complete criticism of the State Dep't. . . . The idea was to its le (thos to I 1 hertl MA who KIArT!1 watch narve nigh ichot ffiSfesiS achieve better teamwork. . . , Ickes let them have a blistering attack, and plenty of State Dept ears sizzled. But the confab achieved its unique purpose. . . . It put the State Dept lads on friendly, human relations with the Ickes bunch for the first time in a dozen years. natic in hough ok 5 ... sb tc icy ,00 car a CftLOX to ch Won i as kmail 4 Add fine screen playing: Mark Daniels in the "Winged Victory" hit. . . . In the colm When raw win4sj pre-diete- d that another strike would break out at Wrights in New Jer-seThe workers there wish it emphasized that they wont strike and intend to vote for the continuation of the pledge. y. A Broadway playgir! was tipped four days before Tropical Park shuttered. She plunged on the horse for a $10,000 killing. But the bookie, with no future m racetrack welshed to the coast. Her gambling, boy friend happens to be one of the Easts toughest sportsmen. Not a new way of committing suicide, at all. to a sure-thin- ... A Gilmore hatcheck gal got a $100 tip from a fellow, who returned two ake her S3id U Was 8 "intdemanding it back. He $1 cut like a knife.. CHAPPED 111, g SOOTHED QUICKLY! Cracked Bae so cruel.,andp Caused when raw, bitter, dries skin cells, leaves thenn Skin may crack, bleed. MenU-- y acta medicinally: (1) Stimulate blood supply. (2) Help retao thirsty cells so they can ed moisture. For sore, ebapp? lips Mentholatum. Jars. . twj MENTHOL '9r 1 gave mstead. Not a bad tip. at Havana is "dead-pr- ac. tically no tourists. But Cuba great prosperity, wages are higheJ n e'er' The Cuban capital is mat . 6d machlne the Presidential Palace.gunners, ditto . . Groaned one wealthy Cuban planter: . n eiVng Ur pePe milk andTSl creaml They hate it!" . Isn t it true you No!" tea"aideq herSaSked month NowSitMkeTth6 to make thaU" "$5'000 8 months l auk ha lie An American soldier made such a hit conducting a Berlioz symphony in Rome that the Italians requested a repeat. He couldn't because his three-dapass had expired. lozeJ Millions use F A p T give their throats 15 ing, comforting treX, reaches all thl coughs, throat ness resulting from mldT. soothe with F 4 F. record-- ONE OF MANY dams and reservoirs already constructed in the Missouri Valley basin is the Gibson dam on the Sun river in Montana. The top of the great wall is about 200 feet above the river bed. Eighty-nin- e more such projects are planned. $35,000,000. Over optimum Cautet Letdown A concrete example of journalis(being thrown for the tic count) was the story which said that Dick Merrill, the famed transatlantic flier, had broken another flying from Seattle to Washsix hours and three in ington The story was wired minutes. from the Capital by one of the news One night later we services. shook it grabbed Dicks paw and hard as we congratulated him. . . . he I dont know what its about, said. "I just came in from Africa. How could such a story that never happened get started? ''toucj, jiu-jits- u For more than 30 years feeble attempts have been made to shackle the destructive power of the Missouri. Millions of dollars have been expended in levees and dams in attempts to prevent the cosUy floods which annually destroy vast sums in crops and property. Damage of the 1943 floods alone was placed at er There are several reasons why the right man (and woman) is not in the right place now. One is due to an error in judgment which may, or may not, be blameworthy. Gercome-bacmanys power, for which I attempted to set forth certain reasons in two preceding columns, was underestimated. This caused a shortage in certain types of weapons. Superabundance in others. The latter put men out of work and cau.spd them to seek r jobs. We had counted on a more mobile type of warfare. We did not think we needed the heavy artillery to blast Germany out of powerful defenses. We counted too heavily on enemy vulnerability to the bombing of German cities. That was both a psychological and strategical error. Underestimating the length of the European war also had a bad psychological effect. It caused many workers to quit war work for what they thought would be more permanent employment. It caused great pressure on Washington to begin reconversion, as War Mobilizer Byrnes admits was wrong. He said: . we could not do two things . at once . . . could not pursue an all-owar production effort while simultaneously releasing materials, facilities and manpower for civilian production." The man and his Job were separated. too, by the improvement of models and creation of new equipment. No one can be blamed for this. But frequently, as I have shown, it tended to place the job and the man miles apart. ... one-sixt- r, by fruit-plants- ." Harnessing the nations second mightiest river, the turbulent, muddy Missouri, which annually roars its flood crests along its twisting course for 2,460 miles through seven states, will become one of the major postwar projects. More than 11 million people live in this great basin of a half billion acres, comprish of the area of ing the United States. News Analyst and Commentator that our war production York Mr. I. Hoffman (the New branch of the Hollywood Reporter) recalled the most costly comma in Many years ag0 U. S. history were a tariff bill listed articles that was item One free. to be admitted . But . "all foreign a careless clerk replaced the hyphen It caused orwith a comma. grapes and bananas, lemons, anges, be admitto fruits other imported . . . ted to the U. S. free of duty. estian government the cost It dollars plus. mated million By WALTER SIIEAD By BAUKIIAGE Washington, D. C. What Is wrong with the American war effort on the home front? Why all this excitement over a new draft of manpower? Lint From a Blue Serge Suit: Provide Irrigation, Electric Service Big Problem Is WNU Service, Union Million People Living in Its Basin 11 "Wty ''" ' V,V.VVvvvWv.,... ulcp( ,, S'! w ' -- ng waste and overgrown with sagebrush can be brought into productivity by ade quate irrigation. This pit.,ure rac frw thousand feel from productive Irrigated land. song plungers , "aJ ' . a?r The 'Englarnd''sSCrbln!Mr Church Tea Part ?r,th- - as 'tel it. oced Ml( Mu ?'( ftaui ln 5""d Dona pln. Qrl! s desi'"ptnm our succell th,b,,,Khered turns!" of a by failure - his own Jit the 'lie |