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Show The Cache American. rra r'i?T :r) nil-- a jU "y ) n n li A vY c V, nn P'.p V j . bead of the Soviet labor movement was a very imart man of forty-thre- e called Kuznetsov, lie was really keen. Hed lived In America, graduated from Carnegie Institute of Technology with a master degree In metallurgy, and If you tried to point out that his labor movement here wasnt really free, hed come right back at you with aome American example trying to prove that ours was even less free. He outlined their set-ulike this. AU Soviet unions representing workers send delegates to the Trades Congress. This meets every year or so but hasnt since the war. This corresponds to our AFL and CIO naUonal conventions rolled into one. Its strictly labor no soldiers or farmers are In It This big Congress elects fifty-fiv- e members to something they caU the Flenum. These fifty-fivelect eighteen to something called the Presidium. And these eighteen elected him Its secretary, which makes him head of the workers. He said at least 90 or SS per cent of aU workers belonged to trade unions. Th p n e 'PPP-- ' Y ; ' 'V: U ' . V k , : ii: ,V yP V jfA - ,ts ' - , , .U M't v -- X - ; 4 Y ' - i : Y.' vj "I -- , v :V ,'tV: 1 5 Stalin stayed In Moscow when many advanced on city. So we asked him who : i Ger- didnt belong. "Well,,, he said, "some apprentices are too young, and then in the reoccupied regions, it takes a little time to convince all workers they should belong. He said the dues were 1 per cent of a workers salary. There is no initiation fee, but they sell you a book costing only one rouble. "Now, is this a perfectly free union movement," we asked him, "or is it directed by your government? It was perfecUy free, he assured us. Of course, he said, anyone they elected to their Congress must be approved by the government He said, "in 1919 a strike in one steel mill lasted two days. And in 1923 there was another little itrike In western Russia. We were changing over from the old czarist money to Soviet roubles, and it took time to get it all printed and out to the workers. As soon as the situation was explained to them, they went back to work. There have been no strikes since, and in the future thera wont be any because our workers understand they are all working for each other. If a worker is discontented and gets discharged for any reason, would it be difficult for him to get a Job some place else? "Very, very difficult, said Kuznetsov. Do you have any absenteeism?" We simply dont have it without reason." "But arent workers sometimes a little late? ha aaid. "The Occasionally, first time he is warned. The second time he may be fined. If it happens again, be is discharged. If a worker fails to damages too much material or does anything else which we consider serious, he may be arrested and tried before a Judge, and if he Is unable to prove his innocence, sentenced to a number of years penal labor. The rules In the factories are very strict and rigidly And the union officials enforced. encourage the worker to testify against a man guilty of these offenses maybe they themselves bring charges against him. Joining the trade union in any plant is completely voluntary," Kuznetsov said. How do you account then, for the fact that practically everyone who is eligible Joins? It is to their advantage In any country, and particularly In the Soviet Union, where the Trade Union Movement offer many benefit. Here a union member received greater sick benefits than a nonunion member. There is a housing shortage here and most factories own apartment houses which they rent to the workers. Union members receive first consideration. All workers are entitled to vacamemtion with pay, but bers cannot spend their vacations in the rest centers maintained for workers. If a worker is sick, the physician may recommend an ex non-unio- n ' ' , -, ' Iij . ; , '. tra werks vacation, and he can go to a special type of rest center equipped to care for invalids. But members are not eliginon-unio- n ble. 6 per cent of en employees salary goes for rent In these apartments." factory-owne- d "Young apprentices live tn rent-freOlder dormitories. workers may live In them, too. but they pay. Skilled worker, or those who exceed their norms, are entitled to better quarters. Because their pay Is more, their rent la proportionately higher. "What relations do you hsve with American labor?" we asked. "None at all with the AFL, he said. "We're very much disappointed. Also, their representative, Mr. Watt, criticized our Russian Trade Movement at the last meeting of the International Labor OrHe ganization In Philadelphia. claimed we were not a free movement You can see that we are. I dont understand why your government would permit this criticism of our trade unions. "Russia is your ally, he said. "I can't understand why your government would permit It, and we simply dont understand the AFL. It probably Isn't the workers, but only the lenders whp have these distorted notions. Here we are sure that your workers really want to with ours, only the leader wont permit It. We do have some relations with the CIO letters from Mr. Murray and several others. It Is more sympathetic, and desires to and more nearly understands the true position of workers in America and workers here. We hope some day we can with the American labor movement. After all, we are working for the same cause." he said, e Until we reach the Urals, which e from divide the country we fly over is exactly as it was up from Teheran the same thatched villages dominated by white churches with onion domes. We crossed the Urals, which ere, in this area, not mountains but low, rolling hills, wooded with birch, oak, elm, maple, but no pine. At this airport, as at all the others we are to touch, we are met by the and Important local dignitaries Communists all grave, d by ComRussians, munist standards. Zeeses take us across the city to the house of the plant director, where we will spend the night. We drive through teeming, unpalnted slums which are worse than those of Pittsburgh although we keep in mind that Magnitogorsk is crowded because many industries have been evacuated here. We leave the slums and go up a hill which, overlooking the alums and the blast furnaces, are the spacious homes of the executives even as it is In Pittsburgh. We come into a paved residential street with gutters, sidewalks and big yards. Except for architectural differences, we might be in Forest Hills, New York, or Rochester, Minnesotas "Pill Hill." Magnitogorsk was started in 1916. There are now 45,000 workers in his plant, of whom 25,000 are construction workers, for it is expanding. h furnaces and six Twenty blast furnaces are operating, two of which were opened during the war. The mountain they mine contains an estimated 300,000,000 tong of ore which is 60 per cent iron, and another 85,000,000 tons which will run from 50 to 45 per cent quite a stock pile! Eric tells me that we have only about 100,000,000 tons left at Hibbing, and are using these up at a wartime rate of 27,000,000 tons a year. After lunch we drive to the big steel plant I am riding with a corRussia-in-Europ- red-paint- cap-weari- well-dresse- White Occasionally they are protected from its sharp edges by crude duck-board- Suddenly our car turns to one side as we overtake a long column marching four abreast on its way to work at the plant Marching ahead of it behind it and on both aides, are military guards carrying rifles with fixed bayonets. The second thing is that the column Itself consist of ragged women in makeshift sandals, who glance furtively at our cars. The correspondent nudges me. Nick, the NKVD man, is riding in the front seat I dont know how those women got there or where they were going, so I leave them as material for some mightier talent with greater imaginative powers. Entering the blast furnace section, the director bellows two noteworthy statistics at us; the first, that on a rouble business this 1,200,000,000 year, he hopes to clear a 50,000,000 rouble profit. Secondly, that in this inferno, they have per month only eight injuries per 10,000 employees. The armament factory takes the prize for the most sloppily organized shop we have seen in the Soviet Union. Stockingless girls with crude sandals, lathing shells for the Red Army, stand on heaps of curled metal scrap from their machines s. Some attempt is being made to remove the scrap We see girls carrying out a load of it on Russian wheelbarrow, which Is a kind of homemade litter, with one pelr of wooden handles tn front and one behind. It carries a modest wheel barrow-loabut requires two people. They stumble along with it through the rubbish. We watch them milling sheila for the Red Army There ia no belt but at one point they have devised a substitute. When one operation is finished, a shell is placed on a long. Inclined rack, down which it roll into the next room for the next operation. Only the rack ia badly made end now and then a shell falls off. Instead of adjusting the reck, a girl is ata tloned by it to pick up the shell end put them back on atraight. Now we go through a brick plant We watch the women laboriously moving bricks by hand after each processing operation. A we are leaving the plant, we see another column of women marching under guard. A few hourt on the plane brings us to Sverdlovsk, before the revolution called Ekaterinburg because It was foundt d by Catherine the Great. It was here In a cellar that the , Bolsheviks shot Czar Nicholas II, his wife and family, later changing the name of the town. Sverdlovsk is another Soviet Pittsburgh, bustling with a million people. Sverdlovsk is the Soviet center for the manufacture of heavy machine tools. In one big shop we see a gigantic drop forge, made In DuisI can well beburg, Germany. lieve that there are only four like It In the world. It can apply pressure of 10.000 tons. The plant itself Is the same old Soviet story we have so far seen no light, dirty, bad floors, and In this one the roof leaks. Outside there is a summer shower and we watch the water pour down from the high ceiling onto the hot steel and get as we walk soaked ourselves through. But they have mended the roof over the most important machines. Across the street from our hotel is the marble opera house. It Is a little too ornate, but Russians like it that way. It seems to be the most substantial and carefully built structure in totvn. It is the provincial opera house, built in 1903 under the czar. At Omsk the delegation of dignitaries shakes hands with us and tells us that our bags will be left at the airport, where we will spend the night The building is excellent modern, simple and in good repair. to d hard-heade- weak-willed- lll Nilf' 1 I hit JuMhh t lil S hill flint t'nm ihr uhiinic tuimh la ifm Hfm unit thurltt hi fot iht firtl frit I tuinih hoi uhnliitnl lit h ABOARD ISS AITAEACHiAN BIKINI ATOLL (Via Navy It.tdio-T- h: to rrHirli-- r dues nut inti-r.drive into tiie scientific pect of this (ili'ii. le bomb test, leaving Umt to tiie scient. fie writers and the themselves. This test is primarily a nnl.t.iry experiment to determine how the United States navy 1 ts and (tiier armed services can figuratively "keep its powder dry In tiie face of any future atomic warfare. Tiie experiments however by their very nature and the various tests which arc to be made of atomic enof ergy will produce knowledge In the fields of him hem-istrbiology and medicine. Further knowledge will be gained also tn ihe field of radio, photography. geology, fish life and ail the sciences which apply to ocean fe. Many Conjectures. A tour of tins ship and visit to the staterooms where the newspaper n.cn are hu:.ed conjectures on tiie outcome of tins bomb test measured only tv the numbi r of newspaper men aboard Tins Is almost true of the scientific writers for most nil have different vnwoiii! on the possible develop, 1 them-selve- These i s Martial law was declared In Mosack-acbrought to city in cow and great number. It seems substantially constructed. Omsk before the war had a population of 320,000 and now has $14,000 evacuated workers, of course. We inspect the Mayor of Omsk Kishemelev Kuzma. This is his second year in office. Before that he was Director of Automobile Highways, a confusing title since the Soviet Union has few passenger cars and almost no highways. We ask him how he got elected and he answers promptly that the people did it and goes into detalL There were in all five candidate, each representing one of the various trade unions. Everybody In Omsk could vote, he says, and of course the ballot was secret In the empty airport waiting room, sprawled on the benches were two khaki-cla- d figures. One asked me something in Russian. The other one said, "Hell, Tex. hes no Russian. I said. Tm a American. You I should guys Americans too? hope to kiss a horse we are, said Tex. (TO BE CONTINUED) pOOL, summery blouse run the gamut ('pctoies Pint oi. b d.d vvavi- r of ti !ul i!i - t 5095" en'ire task force (artuij.take of f in t'e virm.'y ho'i.h d ".so to r tl: i! the irii'M i vrn the I'-- ! . Kilten Tea Towels. some unusual de- lint' IOOK1NG for "pick-upwork these m..de in warm days? Heres a charming lv tiie seni' imm did embroidered "romance of two Sam's n i! .V N ucic f i': to aid Ills kittens to be transferred on tea kittens are to towels. The reporter P Will c to dsraid th more fantast.c roup dues and be embroidered in bright colors in outline r.nd darning stitch. Ideal string along with ri m- - 'f more cor survdive for- rues gift for the next shower you attend. , pro-- e a if iu-o-- 1 dud o' of ! e the nii-m .i an1 N .c;.-a- m -- Our-tom do f " wit-I'ne- I . ! i .u-- six-inc- r Earthquake or Tidal Wave? In the first place Bikini lagoon, where the bt mb will be dropped, is roughly 25 miles long ai d 10 miles wide and the water overages 100 feet in depth and one scientist likened the dropping of the bomb into such an expanse of water and air to a spark from a welders torch lake. Sciendropped into a tists admit that the bomb may cause a slight earthquake and tidal wave but that in comparison with nature's earthquakes it will have no destructive violence and will only be recorded upon scismographic in- - T U..A? fJT QJ JAPAN' MAW All GUAM 0 QUATOR struments. The release of atomic energy at the given point of the bomb burst will in the opinion of these scientists release heat and energy at that spot of a nature never before experienced upon the surface of the earth but its effects will be confined to a relatively very small area. One scientist declared that the radio activity released from the bomb, if absorbed by living tissues, would result in chemical changes in the proteins of the tissues, in some cases of sufficient intensity to kill the tissues and in other cases likely to produce a new kind of living tissue or a new variety of organ. It fact that is a have created this phenomenon in living tissues and the radio-activ- e rays from the bomb are practically Thus a man the same as who comes in contact with these radio-activ- e particles may .well become sterile and be chemically changed as to other characteristics. On the other hand, some scientists predict a tremendous tidal wave as result of dislodging a huge landslide along the slope of Bikini atoll which rises some 14,000 feet from the floor of the ocean. Another predicts the bomb will crack open the ocean floor and let the water into the molten matter beneath the floor resulting in a tremendous volcanic exThese predictions, howevplosion. er, are generally discounted. Are Sworn to Secrecy. This reporter anticipates plenty of action and plenty to write about when this bomb is dropped by the over the target array of naval ships. The most dramatic will be the second test when a bomb is detonated below the surface of the water in the midst of what is left of the target ships. The handicap under which the lay members of the press work is, however, that we will not know nor will we be told whether or not these bombs exploded at full efficiency or whether or not in fact they were duds. well-know- n s. wing-sleeve- d thats wonderfully easy to make. It will be very attractive in a pastel rayon crepe with dainty w hite lace trim in icy white pique with eyelet embroidery, in dashing flower prints, or in gayly checked cottons to wear with play shorts. ... pattern, flnlshtnf Instructions for the M'dswnmer Butterfly 13 filMU-M, lf fi.il'MO N. Included I send 20 cents In coin, your number. and the sdilrexs name, pattern To obtain complete M-"- X h srwixn ?wf nfeditwork Calif. riRCT.E Mission St., San Franciiro, Enclose 20 cents for pattern. No To obtain 6 transfer patterns, color chart lor cmhrmdmni? the Kitten Ro send 20 ni.MUp Tow fix tRnttcrn No. cop's in com, your name, address and pattern number. e LONELY REEF . . . Far out in the Pacific. Bikini atoll holds the suicide fleet. 97 ships of the 17H Summery Blouse. merits J AUSTRALIA open-heart- respondent WM.TI'K V SlIKAO MSI' ( ucrtitlrlit. ISy i - "Usually about mb I 4 i I NEEDLEWORK PATTERNS Easy-to-Mak- . " V' Pace Seren Results Embroidered Designs for Towels e While They Wait Blouse Is Cool A-Bo- 9 9 iW. IXSTAI.I.M KNT TWELVE j i ' . ii u Cache County, Utah Newsmen Argue - j y .. 7M w V .y r- r U 'U ' ' f f1 P.r--i n U ii n tc.j y i-- a t" - -" C' 1 U Ijran, I A$K PAE wive?! ni-i- i 7 a The Questions 1. The sirens of the Queen Mary can be heard 10 miles, yet do not disturb the passengers aboard ship. Why? 2. Lead melts at 620 degrees, and tin at 446. These two are combined to produce solder, which melts at what degree? 3. Of the 55 highest peaks in the United States, 42 are in one state. What state is this? 4. What President of the United States was wounded in the Revolutionary war? 5. How many dials has Big Ben, the famous clock of London? 6. Upon what is the right of an accused person to be confronted by his accusers ultimately based? 7. What great newspaper publisher was once a candidate for the presidency of the United States on a major party ticket? 8. What is the number of degrees around the equator? 9. What fish provides genuine caviar? 10. What name is given to a Mexican herdsman? Name. Address. quiz with answers offering 1 information on various subjects J A t 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. Four. The Law of Imperial Rome. Horace Greeley. It is 360 degrees. Sturgeon. Ranchero. C,l la H,,lsr JUSI IRyn rM ri0 Aflf. o f viHyi The Answers 1. They are attuned to a lower bass A, which does not disturb the ear drums. 2. At 356 degrees. :.aifeaas 3. Colorado. 4. James Monroe. CL JoLul dlcOUTL Brown was a very light sleeper. One night he was obliged to stop at a small hotel, and after much trouble finally succeeded in getting to sleep. Two hours later came a loud knocking on his door. Whats the matter? he asked, sleepily. "Package downstairs for you, sir, came a boys voice. "Well, let it stay there! It can wait until morning, I suppose? The boy shuffled down the corridor and after a long time Brown fell asleep again. Then came another knocking at the door. "Well, whats up now? Brown demanded. That package Faint for you!" due to LOSSES? MONTHLY and women who lose so much during monthly periods that you're pale, weak, dragged out this may be due to lack of blood-iroBo try Lydia E. Pinkhams TABLETS one of the best home ways to build up red blood In such cases Pinkhams Tablets are one of the tonics you can buy) best blood-iro- n You girls n. 9 TIRED, ACHY MUSCLES STRAINS BRUISES STIFF JOINTS WA&t tfcu NEED id. 'Vsr hSLOANS LINIMENT |