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Show The C:ch Intre Two Agency Watches Over STAGE'.SCREEN-RADI- Eighteen and a half million women ore now working for wages, mostly in jobs essential to war. Some five million of these are new to the labor markets; they have gone into factories and fields since 1940, when the nation began to buckle down for the great conflict. All in all, women have been doing a magnificent job. No task has been too dirty, or dangerous or difficult; they have cheerfully accepted all discomforts and hazards. , ' Patient No 1270 I and years Sire O This specially trained girl makes some adjustments on the nose asAlracobra. There Is scarcely any task in atlalion sembly of a manufacture that women have not mastered. Saa Franeueo, Calif. Enclot 23 cents In coin for each pattern desired. Paitem 8 P-3- 9 looking for factory operatives turned to women. The factories, located with a view to available power and future marketing, soon developed communities, and these attracted other workers In various lines of activity. As towns grew In size, many of the older household occupations became impossible. The entrance of women Into wageearning occupations was tremendously speeded up by the Civil war and World War I. Of the role women played during the first World war, we have a dramatic picture. The war itself wrenched the whole In the quick industrial machine. shift from peace to war, women as well as men were rapidly absorbed by the iron and steel mills, metal factories and foundries; they were practically drafted to make munitions and other war supplies. Aerial warfare created a new industry, in which women were indispensable, and it expanded the Industries that made the material necessary for aircraft manufacture. Meanwhile the army of 4.000,000 men had to be fed and clothed, and in addition the nation's industries had to continue to supply the needs of the people at home. There are striking parallels between the first World war and the present one in regard to women In steadily increasing workers. numbers, then as now, women entered fields which had been regarded as men's exclusive province although thousands of women carried on in traditionally feminine food and fabric industries. Experienced women who were already In manufacturing In 1917 were utilized largely for munitions making. They helped to train new groups formerly otherwise employed, such as school teachers, who joined their ranks, as well as the large numbers of inexperienced women never before in the labor force. Growing numbers of women were hired in such industries as iron, steel, lumber, transchemicals, portation equipment, metal and metal products and others. The Women's Bureau had recorded World War I experience in the use of women labor, so it was natural that the bureau should be recognized as the official agency for all matters relating to womens employment In the present war effort. On March 15, 1941, the Undersecretary of War indicated that he would take measures to see that the War department take up all matters of concern to women workers with the Womens Bureau, and there has been close cooperation since that date. Cooperative relationships have been established with the Navy Department, with other Government departments, and with state organizations and war con- cultural work. In interesting women in such work, the bureau cooperated with other government agencies concerned, and in addition formulated and helped put into practice atandards for women' employment on farms. Today, women are being utilized in three broad categories of jobs; 1. Those that women have atwa)i done, now multiplied by the demands of war. 2. Those where they have been used as substitutea for men, either aa replacements or In expanding In- ThisHome-Mixe- d Cough Syrup Is Most Effective Easily Mixed. Needs No Cooking. Couch medicine usually contain good large quantity of plain ayrup Ingredient, but on which you can 1 borne. Take of nutkn at cupa cosily granulate J auror and 1 cup of water, anJ stir a few momenta until din. solved. Or use corn syrup or liquid honey. Instead of sugar ayrup. Then get from any druggist 24 ounces of IMnex, pour It Into a pint botUa, and add your ayrup. Thla give you a full pint of wonderful medicine for coughs due to cold. It make a real saving because U gives you about four times a much for your money. It never spoils, and laMes fine. This la actually a eurprlulngly effective. qukk-actlncough relief. Promptly, you feel It taking hold. It loosens the phlegm, soothes the Irritated membranes and makes breathing easy, You've never seen anything better for prompt and pleasing results. Ilnex Is a special compound of proven Ingredients, In concentrated form, a most reliable soothing agent for throat and bronchial membranes. Money refunded If It doesn't pleas you In every way. dustries. 3. d well-rounde- W'ee-hawki- n, er Frock little frock for ANthe miss. It has her favorite swinging skirt and long torso waist. It will be lovely in dainty for parties or "dress-ufloral print with lace edging or for school or play in tiny checks or trim. gay plaids with Dress-U- p ADORABLE i I two-to-si- i x g p CHARLES LAUGHTON Robert Slodmak's direction couldnt be Improved upon, (t's a picture with murder but no horror, a picture with charm and beauty. No matter what movies will be 1945 brings, "The Suspect one of the best Who Is ahe? 4 Bette Davis is back In Hollywood after quite an absence, to begin story conferences on her next picture, Stolen Life. The picture Is set to go before the cameras early In February, with Curtis Bernhardt directing. if When Martha Holliday reached Hollywood, after dancing In night clubs, she was made assistant dance director. She bad to give up the Job and g ever to RKO to eatlsfy her desire to act; shell act and dance too in "George Whites Scandals, starring Joan Davis and Jack Haley. RKO likes te push promising newcomers along, and give them a whaik at really Important roles. Lauritz Melchior, who makes his spreen debut in "Thrill of a Romance," Metro picture starring Van Johnson and Esther Williams, has signed a new contract with the studio. The famous singer has an important singing role in "Brighton Beach. Shortly before the war, when the U. S. fleet was on maneuvers. Art Linkletter ("House Party, CBS) almost broadcast a unit of the navy Into a general court martiaL When word came that the fleet was due In to ric-ra- c Girls Carry on Vendetta When a family living in the mountains of Albania loses its last man in a blood feud, the eldest single daughter must renounce marriage, don trousers and become the head of the house, carrying on the vendetta and living as a man the rest of her life. m Gas on Stomach m double nwwy fcwfc and aom ptmfol. oof fom tour Komad) tod hakfthum, doctor ocutiip RalMVMlbi S MiwtM WlwtnMN Ing ru, preocnb tomorfc foatatortnc tb mcriietnca known (a Nl ik thoocin Tihitta. No iutOvi HUfi8 bnnra comfort In tiff jr or doable roar money tack on ratora of tooUio to a. at nil druguu. i7nptoaatierjif-Rwdicifi- Rolls inJiqTTme! SgSSg&SSfeSS ssjy suss , San Diego harbor, he arranged broadcast its arrival from a mo- tor launch. Fog delayed the fleet some miles away, and it anchored, but Art didnt know that. He broadcast his script and the Admiral, listening in, thought his orders to anchor had been disobeyed, and was ready to court martial all offenders. Art can laugh about it now. 'Vi'. ' 'si , K Nmalia Dastsa Bask la llaa llfarflae Boris Karloff recently completed The Body Snatcher and "Isle of the Dead for RKO, and Is booked to go right on scaring us into shivers. The studio has signed him to make three horror pictures during the next two years. When Phil Kramer, NBC comedian, tried out for his first radio show, with Edward G. Robinson In "Big Robinson stopped him and Town, said severely, "Dont clown, young man. Use your natural voice. The only trouble was that Kramer was using his natural voice. He was doing all right in pictures till his vocal chords tightened up, the aftereffect of an illness; his comedy voice resulted. That baby on the "Eddie Cantor Eddie Cantor Von Zell, is a handsome chap of about 30, who's probably the only male baby impersonator on the air. His name is Billy Gray, and as a pioneer in his profession he deserves a rattle, at Show, least Barry Fitzgerald played his role as Bing Crosbys father in Paramount "Duffys Tavern with his hand in a cast; he broke a finger the night before be started work on the picture. That man could give a fine performance even if he had a broken neckl ODDS AND ENDS Ellery Queen Both young and old find there Is a sleuth of the CBS series bear gentleman place for them in war production. ing his name, has a new Nikki, Bar At left a middle-age- d woman drills bara Terrell. . . . IThen Lieut. Robert parts for Flying Fortresses in a Se- Taylor was a guest on the Kate Smith Stanwyck, attle, Wash., factory. Center pic- hour, his wife, Barbara the clienfs watched the program from ture shows Miss Nita Carlin of booth. . . . One of New Yorks big deN. J., inspecting a partment stores u featuring a dress radio transmitting tube. Miss named Gaslight Cayeliej," named for Carlin, who is only 21 years old, is the radio show starring Beatrice Kay a graduate of Hunter college in New end Michael OShea. . . . Sonja Hemes feet take size 3 Vi shoes. York city, where she majored in highly-traineLadd once played six characAlan . . . She is In trained physics. being when he was tryradio on a show, ters factory engineer ng, and is the first ing to get his start as an actor: did it girl ever to he hired for this work. well, too. high-pow- I,...-- 3 f ' No Namo Address I i In t, 1 4 shoit sleeves, re SEWINO CIRCLE fATTERN DEPT. 14 New Montsomery Si you can't bear to have him punished. You keep rewriting the ending. figuring out ways of saving him. Diaries Laughton gives one of the best performances of his life; Ella Raines is excellent, Molly Lamont to ask caused men spectator u 3. yards of 33 or 39 Inch Is brief quires plus Iy yards lace to trim. Dua to an unuiually large demand an current war condmons. allghtly more Unit I required tn nilinf order fur a few as . Ih moat popular pattern numbers. Send your order to: i t3f ( Those that are new processes never performed by either sex (some of these are the result of subdivision of skilled operations to facilitate mass production, while others are the result of manufacture of new kinds of equipment). Though men are still found In most of the top and highly skilled Industrial Jobs, women to an Increasing degree are doing the more skilled, difficult and disagreeable Jobs, as well as certain dangerous and sometimes Inappropriate types of work. During World War I the question was: Would women remain as workers when the war ended? Many people thought this question would be answered by the return of women to their homes or their old occupations. This time the question is: How may we best organize and carry out the shift from wartime to peacetime employment? Three MlUion Will Quit. The Womens Bureau believes that at least 3 million women will voluntarily withdraw from the labor market young girls will go back to school; older women at retirement age or past, will retire; many of the 3,710,000 housewives who joined the labor force for the duration only, will be glad to take over full time homemaking duties. This will leave a force of about 15 million women workers for the immediate postwar period. Miss Frieda S. Miller, who became Director of the Womens Bureau on August 17, 1944, believes the shift to peacetime jobs is a manageable Mrs. Nora T. Sterns, outstanding thing, if we are both forehanded and farsighted as to planning. She member of a class of ''Tractorettes" believes this planning must begin at pilots a big machine on the Sterns farm. She is a Triple-local levels, and provide for adviwoman, and organizer of her class sory counsels for all groups, and of women tractor operators. facilities for training and retraining of war workers for peacetime emgpring of 1940 there were 13 million. ployment. Now there are 18 million women in After the last war, the Assistant the labor force. These 18 million Secretary of War, acting as the Diwomen make up 36 per cent of the rector of Munitions at that time, total nonagricultural labor force, paid this tribute to women. and 20 per cent of the agricultural For the successful carrying out labor force of the United States. of our program for the production Machine Age Changes Life. of vast quantities of explosives and The amount of gainful work done propellants, as well as shell loading, the women of America must be givby women at home has decreased en credit on account of the highly steadily, while the amount of their gainful work outside the home has important part they took in this increased. At the beginning of the tractors. phase of helping to win the war. Can Do Any Job If Trained. 18th century women still were spinFully 50 per cent of the number of The peacetime work women were employees in our explosive plants ning at home, but the yarn was brought for weaving to large rooms doing on punch presses, drilling ma- were women, who braved the danwhere looms were in use. The ear- chines, milling machines, lathes, gers connected with this line of liest cotton mill was established in grinders, and polishers, as well as work, to which they had been, of their high record of achievement in course, entirely unaccustomed, but 1814, and thereafter weaving became a factory occupation. inspection, assembly, filing and other whose perils were not unknown to In 1831 there were 39,000 women bench work in metal and electrical them. Miss Miller believes that womens employed in various cotton factories industries was well known to the in the United States. By the middle bureau. The extent to which these contribution has been much more of the century, the sewing machine developed skills would be useful to extensive in World War II. In the was postwar world, she says, Let us industries came into effective use, usually opIn the last dovetail the skills and experiences erated by women. easily demonstrated. Thus into a world of gardening war women had proved themselves of men and women workers so as to and raising sheep in the back yard, able in an emergency to make good produce all the varied and numerof grinding flour, of weaving cloth on any job if adequately trained. ous goods and services needed for a The transfer of vast numbers of in the front room, the first mad economy and chines appeared and revolutionized agricultural workers to the war inliving for all our people our whole manner of life. Since dustries, as well as the rapid inducWith the war still far from being many of the earlier machines did tion of others into the armed forces, won, women of America give every work that had always been done by resulted in a growing demand for indication of surpassing all previous women at home, manufacturers the employment of women in agri goals in war production. A Bascule Frock for Young Miss comes sire has given us UNIVERSAL more than a SusThe in topnotch picture food for we thought get pect"; right along with abundant en- -, tertainment. A man commits two murders, and has such good reasons for doing so that occu-potio- 260-ac- re CIRCLE PATTERS S SEirtC By VIRGINIA VALE ! ny c. v. PETERS Miss Mary Anderson, director of the war agency, waa appointed head Bureau. After of the Women developing the Bureau to its present Impressive status, she retired last June at the age of 71, with 23 years of service to working women accomplished. Under the guidance of Miss Anderson, the bureau made Intensive study of conditions and problems of women workers in various types of employment professional, business, 'ndustrial and domesUc. She was responsible for calling two important conferences of women In Industry, in 1923 and 1936, attended by of all important representatives women's organizations. The principles she advocated were: 1. Complete equality of opportunity for men and women on the basis of their Individual merit, skill and experience. 2. Wage rates based on Job content without regard to tex. 3. Establishing of prerise and objective standards for determining Job content as a basis for determining wage rates. In 1918 there were eight and a half million women workers. In the Cntintv. T'tflh lUltaMd by Western Nawapapar Unlow. Rights anil Security Of Eighteen Million In 1917. Cfrh wm Women's Bureau of Labor Department 25 Years Old; Busy With Present and Postwar Needs of Workers In World War I, when, at now. million of women were colled upon to replace men In a thouand the department of labor became Interested In the pccial need and problem of working women. In 1920 a permanent ubdiviion, the Women' bureau, wat established, which upersedod the temporary Woman In Industry Service, set up !rnn. Amer'Vnn. ..mm & Yes, rub In Ben-Ga- y quick... and quickly get relief from chest-col-d symptoms. Soothing, gently wanning ... Ben-Ga- y acts fast. Ask your doctor about the famous agents, methyl salicylate and menthol. Ben-Ga- y contains up to 2 Vi times more of these ingredients than five other widely offered rub-inGet genuine Ben-Gapain-relievi- s. a . |