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Show The Ciiche American. Iisrnn. Cache Countv. I'teh Pace Two Sees Forest Conservation Need: Vast Areas of Spent Timlicrland Attest to Careless Practices By LYLE F. WATTS (Chief U. S. Forest Service) Recently, In an address before a section of the Society of American Foresters at Mil- waukee, Wis., I discussed the nation's forest situation and presented the need for reasonable public control of the treatment of private forest lands. In commenting on that a friend of mine . . . faper, that, "In normal pe- riods the basic American forestry problem is not one of scarcities but of surpluses, not of timber famine but of I want timber abundance. to explore that philosophy because, if it is true, there is really no occasion for much concern about forest conservation. In dlscusilnc this question of scarabundance. I want to make It clear that forestry la somethin! more than boards, ties, and other forest products. To me forestry has a human side. It encompasses permanent communities with prosperous industries and a stable tax base. It means good schools, public health and attractive homes. It means security for the worker to Invest in a home and for the butcher, the baker, and beauty shop keeper te Invest in a business. Seventy per cent of New England Is forest land, but 75 per cent of all the wood products consumed in New England cemes from outside the region. The only evidence of surplus, e so far as I know, Is in small material which cannot be marketed even under the intense demand of the huge industrial population. Tbe hurricane of 1938, followed by abnormal warUme requirements for box boards, has left only scattered remnants of merchantable white pine in central New England. Scarcity of stumpage forced several of the leading operators in Massachusetts to move out of that state recently. Even in the wild lands of Maine, most of which have been gone over several times by logging operations since colonial times, the average cut of pulpwood, taking all that is considered merchantable from the ground, is estimated at only four cords per acre. Such an no average certainly implies troublesome surplus of available timber. Not so many generations ago Pennsylvania was the leading source of the nations lumber supply. In 1941 it ranked 23rd among the states with an output of less than 1 per cent of the total. The original pine forests have been largely replaced by scrub oak and other hardwoods as a result of fire following logging. The forest survey for Virginia showed sawtimber growth in 1940 some 25 per cent in excess of drain by cutting. So perhaps we should find a timber surplus here. But of what significance is an excess of growth over drain when lumber output is only about half of what it was 30 years earlier? The decline in Virginias lumber output is a reflection of sawtimber scarcity. Stands with as much as 8,000 board feet per acre occupy less than 4 per cent of the total forest area. More wood was consumed by use than for lumber in 1940. The coastal plain and Piedmont regions of the Deep South contain over 150 million acres ef land wonderfully adapted to tree growth but not well suited for other purposes. All but a small fraction of the timber has been ent so that any surplus must be In second growth. s of this great Almost acreage is in thrifty second growth, yet the growing stock is rated at less than half of what it should be. Some 10 million acres, mostly in the longleaf pine belt of the coastal plain, lie denuded. Only of the total cubic volume of pine is s sawlog material and almost of that is in trees less than 16 inches in diameter. In spite of the ease of reproduction and the exceptionally rapid growth of the more valuable pines, hardwoods now account for almost 60 per cent of the cubic volume of all trees. The timber supply is vital to the great agricultural states of the Middle West. The situation became so acute in 1942 that two large farm cooperatives bought sawmills in distant forest regions in order to be sure of having the lumber they needed. Had the forests of this region been given proper care from the beginning, farmers might still be able to meet many erf their needs from local timber. Most of the older barns in southern Ohio and Indiana, for example, were built ef yellow poplar. Yellow poplar grows almost as fast as any of our softwoods and is Just as easily worked. But today it is far too precious to put into bams. It is no longer a significant part of the stock of the local lumber yards. AU the big pine operations are now gone from the Missouri Ozarks. Output of softwood lumber In Missouri in 1942 was only 30 million board s feet. Yet in 1899 most of the billion board feet of lumber cut in that state was softwood. Throughout the hill country from eastern Ohio to western Missouri, millions of acres of once magnificent hardwood forests have degenerated into mere brush cover. Many of the three-fourth- A V1 'J, e 4 cord-woo- non-lumb- th three-fourth- one-fourt- h three-fourth- SAVE GOOD TIMBER Wood from poorly formed trees bums just as well as wood from future saw-lotrees. Wood from such weed trees as ironwood, shad-busand even beech, has a high heating value. The temptation is to strip the woodlot when firewood is cut, thereby destroying local and national resources for the future. The Winter Fuel and A Better Woodlot, is one slogan that has been used by many woodland owners in this state. g ; C 1 ;V .r. r - f v.- - r.. S. ; J. Elen in New England, uhere liit huge red oak towering 130 feet up and meaturing almoit 20 feet in circumference was cut, there it no real timber surplus. hardwood Industries of the Ohio and Mississippi valleys must now pay for heavy transportation charges raw material from other regions in order to continue operation. Some of them face extinction. The lake states affords one of the most serious chapters of our forest history. Ilere are some 52 million acres of generally level forest land, favorably located with reference to important Industrial and agricultural sections. Extensive clear cutting and uncontrolled forest fire have made a large part of this area an economic liability. The white pine and red pine which The timber of Idaho and Montana was almost untouched up to 1900. But the wave of depletion Is rolling through this country with startling speed. In Idaho the five northern counties were opened up first and were soon pretty thoroughly exploited. Output reached a peak of 705 million board feet in 1925. In 1937 it was only 292 million. Obviously payrolls in these northern eotmties declined In about the same ration as lumber production. Towns like Sand-poiand Coeur dAlene were hard and Spokane turned He eyes hit from the ranhandlt of Idaho to the Grand Coulee dam. The Increased output now coming from the five counties farther south rests on a precarious base. Only of the 10 million acres of forest in North Idaho Is In white pine sawtimber yet this tenth is bearing the brunt of current cut. White pine output is now 2 times what the forests can sustain. But even within thia region, the apparent surplus Is local In character. The only area still largely undeveloped is a portion of southern In the older districts, Oregon. notably around Puget Sound, the bulk of the readily accessible saw timber has been removed. Sawmills have shut down and pulp mills have assumed greater importance. The available stand is no longer as large as the growing stock needed to sustain a cut commensurate with the growth capacity of the land. The lower Columbia river district with 170 large mills and 40 billion feet of sawtimber is already feeling the pinch of scarcity. About half of the private aawtimber belongs to two large companies. Most of the ether mills face difficulty In getting the timber they need for long-tim- e operation. I want to close by stating my con viction that a comprehensive legislative charter is needed to give efnational forfect to a est policy and to strengthen the foundation for timely postwar action in the forestry field. well-rounde- d National War Fund Drive: Almost Half of Money to Go Toward Cheering U. S. Fighters "home front army four milljon strong went into acA tion October and county of the United States to back up the fighting fronts in providing essential wartime services for our own and our Allies. 1 in every city In a single united appeal in some communities throughout the United States, this army of volunteer workers, enlisted under the aegis of the national war fund and united war chests, is seeking contributions for the support of local welfare services and to provide for the needs of the men and women of our own armed forces, American prisoners of war, the men of our merchant marine and civilian war victims among the United Nations. The combined objective of the volunteers in this army - contributions in excess ef $258,000,-00Beneficiaries of this vast fund wiU be an estimated 60,000,-00- 0 people who, in some way, will be touched by the services of the federated war chests and the 22 member agencies of the national war fund. When the operations of this vast army have been concluded, it is believed that approximately 35,000,000 individuals and family groups will have contributed to the vital work of the various organizations, both at home and in some 91 major geographical areas on six continents. Out of every dollar contributed for the national war fund agencies, 46 cents will be spent to provide comfort, entertainment and relaxation for oilr own armed forces. The expenditure of this proportion of contributions will finance the activities of the following organizations: IJSO, which brings a touch of home to our fighting forces In some 3,000 units from Alaska to Brazil and from Newfoundland to Hawaii; USO camp shows, which carry professional entertainment around the globe to our servicemen and women in combat zones, in base stations and hospitals; United Seamens service, which maintains a chain of hotels on six continents and rest centers in this country for the men of our merchant ma 10.000 0. the Usually, the cut should be no more than 30 per cent in any one year, and the sooner another cut can be made from the same woodland. Cutters should keep hardwood in mind that a tree 10 inches on the stump is probably 50 years old, but wuld yield log containing four only a board feet, Doyle scale, or 0.09 standard cord of wood. In eight years more this tree would be 12 inches, would contain 16 board feet in well-forme- d six-inc- h rine who see that the vital cargoes of munitions and materials of war get through to the fighting fronts; War Prisoners aid, which provides recreational, educational and cultural materials for prisoners of war to afford an antidote for the boredom so aptly termed "barbed wire disease. Approximately 32 cents out of every national war fund dollar will be spent to provide emergency relief for civilian victims of war in the nations of our Allies, overrun and occupied by the Nazi invaders. Assistance for the peoples of the Axis - dominated nations includes: food and clothing for Chinese war orphans; medical kits and medicine subsistence for the Yugoslavs; rations for millions of starving the seeds to replant Greeks; scorched earth of Russia; dried milk undernourished for Norwegian school children; food packages foi Belgian refugees; seed packets for British Victory gardens to ease the critical food shortage; aid for millions of Polish refugees scattered throughout the world; care in thii country for child evacuees from Europe; food and clothing for needy people of France; and aid of varioui kinds for war victims of Czechoslovakia, Luxembourg, Denmark, Holland and Italy. The remainder of the war fund for addollar, including ministration, will be held in a contingent fund for emergency needs anc unforeseen developments resulting from the liberation of occupied nations. The home-froarmy will take to its task with the following message of inspiration from Gen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, supreme commander of the Allied expeditionary force: "All Americans know It is a privilege to contribute to the national and community war funds in this year of liberation. Complementing our military campaigns, the services which flow from these funds reach out to friends and neighbors at home and abroad and to the oppressed peoples of the world. (Signed) Dwight D. two-thir- nt BY BURNING IN WOODLOT woodlot hyMHBfilisfii DB3ten Fascinating Designs For Flower Boxes Cartels Hinder Trade And Stifle Competition coast one-ten- th - city versus low-grad- contributed so bountifully to the development of the Middle West are now little more than memories. Although some old growth ettefiy still remains, the most hardwood significant aspect Is the Urge proportion of inferior species, notably Jack pine and aspen, in the second growth. Having looked In vain for Umber surpluses In other important forest regions, we turn at Ust to the West Commerce Between Nations; Valuable Information Given Axis Under Business Pacts. Big Monopolies Regulate B j BAUKIIAGE Pattern No. New Analyst end Commentator, Z929S baby animals peep beguil-ingl- y over shoulder and bethis Th Kilgor committee makes WXU Service, rule Trezi B ail d lag come fascinating designs for instatement, for instance, in its reWashington, D. C. flower boxes. Outlines for door When the political smoke of tbe port: The Japanese were able to get the fronts and backs of the pup, campaign diet away we are all goknow-hokitten, rabbit, lamb and duck are on tom technical ing to hear lot more about eartela. Pattern No. Z9298. oa cent 100 of for production per proc-eaa- Most people probably have a general Idea of what they are but those of us who have followed the bear-Ing- a of the Kilgore subcommittee on war mobilization learned a lot of things we didnt know. I think I heard about cartels first from Bill Shepherd, a newspaperman whom I wai always meeting in different parts of the world. He had just come back from Germany shortly after the last war and was full of the subject on which he had written an article for Colliers. But we didnt know the half of it then. I mention that because It seems Incredible that more was not done to break down the cartel system before. The simplest definition of a cartel Is a monopoly and its most obvious effect is to gouge the consumer with monopolistic prices. A chemical plastic which can be sold to commercial moulders at 85 cents a pound, costs dentists $45.00 a pound. Same stuff. Atabrine, a synthetic substitute for quinine, sold to the government, presumably at a profit, at $4.50 for a thousand tablets, by a company with a cartel controlled patent, under a contract that will end alx months after the war. Atabrine costs you and me $12.00 per thousand tablets. Another feature of some cartels involved patent-leasin- g and this practice has resulted In most of the furor today because, by means of international cartels, both Germany and Japan got hold of secrets of value in the war. For example, the American Bosch corporation provided Us German affiliate with Information developed by the signal corps of the army which the German army used as the basis for radio communication between tanks and ground and air forces. The Bosch company got the information in the form of specifications in army contracts on which it was bidding. Government Move s To Smash System Naturally the government had to take action in cases like that Recently the state department established an industries branch in the commodities division of the office of economic affairs and for some time the department of justice has been conducting investigations and in several cases has taken action. Cartels are one of the highly complicated matters which the peace negotiations will deal with. Assistant Attorney Gen. Wendell Berge, who has charge of investigations now going on, said: "It seems abundantly clear that America can never have a foreign policy based on the principles of democracy and international goodwill so long as international trade is dominated by cartels. Berge believes the principle involved in the operation of the internal pools and monopolies is the greatest threat to full employment and therefore in many respects is one of the central issues of our time. This type of organization, he believes, restricts rather than promotes trade because it not only drives out competition but also enters into agreements to limit production. That came out In the war and wherever there was a serious shortage, rubber, aluminum, magnesium, drugs, a cartel was discovered in the woodpile. These combinations tend to become little governments of their own and their effect on foreign relations is clearly evidenced in the case of South America where the Germans obtained exclusive rights in many trade fields through these trade agreements and used these rights to build up their Nazi propaganda machine. Before the United States entered the war Germany was able to prevent firms in this country from supplying certain types of explosives to Britian because the American manufacturers had an agreement with the German affiliate not to do so. The same applied to optical goods. There are other examples which make your hair curL octane gaaoline before they were generally available to American firms and In at least one case as late as June. 1941, to find out through commercial channeli the amount of our oil and gaaoline shipments to Pearl Harbor, Some Agreements Sanctioned by V. S. It must be said In frankness that in some cases American companic specifically the one which bad the right to certain manufacturing proc-easin high octane had permission from the war department to extend their use In foreign countries. The Universal Oil Products company made special inquiry of the general staff regarding installing plants In Germany and Japan and they were told In July, 1938. "The war department bas no objection for the exploitation of these processes abroad. Other manufacturers were not so scrupulous. The Kilgore report reveals an interesting letter written on April 17, 1940, three months after the President had announced "morale embargo against Japan. The letter was written by an official of a Texas oil company to a Mr. Darcy, representing the Mitsubishi Oil company of Japan. It was sent to Darcy's home following up the conveying of "certain technical information which Mr. Darcy sent to Tokyo. This is an excerpt from the i Trace these outlines to plywood or thia lumber and cut out with jig, coplnf or keyhole saw. Then nail tho fronts and backs to small troughs and paint In natural cxtlors. But cacU, succulent or other small plants in these boxes. Due to sn unusually Urge demand and current war conditio. altghtly more time U required In Oiling order fur a lew of th most popular pattern number. Send your name, address, pattern number and 15 cenU. the price of the pattern, to; AVST MARTHA Westport Sutton, Kansas City 2, Ms. Enclose 15 cents (or each pattern el Pattern No desired Nam Addrcti Uncle ftkilfl A SPECIALIST tells us that suc- cess depends to a great extent upon the way the glands function. Particularly the sweat glands. Reason often makes mistakes, but conscience nevt r does. A friend in need may be a friend Indeed, but he is seldom popular. Dont listen to the knocker, unless it be Opportunity. letter: It is much easier to spend allowTor your confidential Information enclosed herewith please find photo- ances than to make them. Want a reputation as a good constatic copy of Saybolt's analysis No. 1433 covering the supposedly 92 versationalist? Learn how to lis- Octane gasoline for the Maritime Oil company. . . . You have con elusive proof that our oil will run up to 93. . . . The attached report is sent you in complete confidence and be very careful to whom you dis close it, as it would get me into terrific jam if it ever leaked out that I sent you this data." But the government of the United States seized the files of the Mitsu bishl company and it has leaked all over the place and what is more "it" is a comparatively harmless sample of other things which will come out later on. One of the interesting cartels deals in a product that few people not in the leather business know anything about. It is the quebracho, a substance used to tan and preserve leather and it comes from the bark of a tree grown chiefly in Argentina. The cartel is controlled by a company owned and managed by the British. It has an exceedingly tight monopoly and to an extent can therefore control leather prices. Since it has been in operation quebracho prices have shot up and production has gone down. The figures disclosed by the investigation show that before the cartel was formed quebracho was selling at just about one-hawhat it costs today. Six s were made in seven years and the firm is said to be now making 33 per cent profit. All but 10 per cent of the quebracho production is controlled by the cartel and many methods are used to hamstring the independents, the chief of which is to make secret arrangements with shippers not to allow cargo space to the competitors, and the cooperation which the cartel enjoys in high places is re. vealed in the course of indictment proceedings by the department of justice. The two firms involved were represented by no less than an official envoy of the Argentine government. The quebracho poo sent vital supplies to Japan up to the last few absorbyears and did it at ing the loss by boosting the price to this country. It has recently been predicted that if this pool continues in operation there will be a serious leather shortage after the war. But substitutes are no solution of the cartel problem. A world in which one man has to use ersatz-sauc- e for his goose while another gets the gravy for his gander, isnt exactly according to the American idea of fair play. ten. Genius is the gold mine, talent is the miner who works and brings it out. Freak Accidents Many freak accidents occurred the year 1943, but the following are the prize ones for that period, as announced by the National Safety Council: First Prize: To soldier who was welded in his sleeping bag when a bolt of lightning struck his zipper. Second Prize: To soldier whose left leg was broken by a coconut which was felled by a stray bullet. Third Prize: To Washington rancher who was tossed in the air and Stripped of all clothing except shoes and eyeglasses by the spinning reel of a combine. in WhenYourlnnards are Crying the Blues lf price-boost- cut-rat- makes you feel punk as the dickens, brings on stomach sour taste, gassy discomfort, take npset, Dr. Caldwells famous medicine to quickly pull the trigger on lazy "innards, and help you feel bright and chipper again. DR. CALDWELLS is the wonderful senna laxative contained in good old Syrup Pepsin to make it so easy to take. MANY DOCTORS nse pxnsin preparations in prescriptions to make the medicine mors and to palatable agreeable take. So be sure your laxative is contained in Syrup Pepsin. INSIST ON DR. CALDWELLS the favorite of millions for 50 years, and feel that wholesome reljef from constipation. Even finickv childrerf love it. WHEN CONSTIPATION OAUTIONt Use only as directed, DR. cum SEMA LAXATIVE comAiNto m syrup pepsin POORER STANDS (four times as much lumber), oi cord of wood. If left fifteen yean this tree would be 14 inches on thi stump, would contain 36 board fee in the first log and 8 In the secont cord of wood. log, or Green wood will bum, but sea soned wood is preferred, as it li lighter to handle, has more hea value, and forms less creosote ii the chimney. Most of the seasoninj takes place during the first sit months after the tree is cut. 0.17 beThere is a rumor of a tie-u- p tween the Farmers union and the CIO. At the Quebec conference, Fala, who chased a cat Churchill adopted at the previous conference, turned over and went to sleep in the midst of the Prime Minister's most dramatic remarks at the final press conference. The Germans tried to boost morale of troops in Normandy by broadcasting the sound of approaching tanks. Hundreds of soldiers, believing tanks were supporting them, advanced and were killed. s Nearly four hundred million are saved yearly under a program being carried out ty the dairy industry. tire-mile- Buy U. S. SAVINGS BONDS |