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Show TIip Cache Arr.oi laire Two Dealh of 91 -- Year-Old Three Ways to Use Wooden Cornices California Author Recalls How He, as Young Army Lieutenant, Recorded for Posterity Famous Speech of a Great Indian Chief By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Union. Aeleaard by Witrn rIAIIE recent death of Col. X Charles Erskine Scott Wood in California recalls one of the most dramatic Incidents in American military history, for he was one of the THE SURRENDER OF CHIEF JOSEPH At depicted bp Frederic Remington la General Miles Recollections. Personal I was not told. The speeches of Indians were not considered important I took it for my own benefit as a literary item." And thus it was that the young lieutenant who took down this speech as a "literary item preserved for posterity this pathetic utterance of a heartbroken Indian patriot. It has often been compared with the historic speech of Chief Logan of the Cayuga s, which became widely known through being printed in the McGuiTcy Readers and which was a favorite "piece to be spoken by several generations of American schoolboys. Wood was born in Erie, Pa., February 20, 1852, the son of William Maxwell Scott, who was the first surgeon-genera- l of the United States navy. Educated at Erie academy and Baltimore city college he was appointed to the United States Military academy at West Point at the age of 18 by President Grant. He was graduated in 1874 and soon after receiving his commission as a second lieutenant was assigned to duty at Fort Bidwell in northeastern California. By 1877 he was a first lieutenant and on the staff of General Howard. Detailed to act as military escort to a civilian explorer in Alaska, he was in that country when word came of the outbreak of the Nez Perce war. The same mail that brought him word that his regiment was ordered into toe field also brought him permission to stay on for the exploration of Alaska but he elected to Join his regiment Thus, as aide to General Howard, he participated in toe long, stern chase after the fleeing Nez Perces. The Nez Perce campaign, however, was not his only Indian war service. The next year he served on Howards staff in toe Bannock and Piute campaign in Idaho which was nearly as strenuous and dangerous as that of 1877. For a year or so he was stationed at Fort Vancouver across the river from Portland, Ore., and while there he resolved to quit toe army and study Before resigning from the law. army he was made adjutant at the military academy at West Point and while there began studying law, re- down. lu- On the dark mountain a child unto its mother, I lay my head upon the lap of earth. She it was who bore me and when all dwindleth She will give to me her child another birth. Straight are her dumb, relentless lips to others But I can hear their soothing through the night, Be hushed, my child you too shall join toe flight d s. Bitter Reaction And then, when on toe tenth of last month it was announced that famed AMG, toe carefully trained, objective military government provided by the Allies, who had taken over toe civilian administration of liberated Italy, had turned over toe government in these provinces from which toe Germans had been driven, to toe Badoglio government, what a deluge of bitter and cynical comment was hurled at the Allied leaders. t Is there any explanation? Can there be any excuse for toe United States government, loudly and violently against all forms of totalitarian government, playing ball with toe little king and his satellites who danced to toe tune of Mussolini? Well, there is another side but because of toe delicacy of the situation, it cannot be set forth officially. I am permitted to state it without attribution, quoting no source, but assuring you, that to toe best of my knowledge and belief, it represents toe reasons behind the policy of toe Allied leaders. First let me quote from toe guarded remarks of Winston Churchill before toe house of commons In Febour anti-Fasci- st ruary: CHIEF JOSEPH ceiving his law degree from Columbia university and being admitted to the bar in 1884. Returning to Portland, he soon became the outstanding admiralty lawyer of the Pacific coast and continued its practice until 1889 when he retired to devote himself to a career as a writer and painter, winning success and fame in both fields before his death at toe age of 91. Woods Heavenly Discourse Won Him World Fame as an Author fly Trust Building Washington, D. C. How can toe Allied governments, the Allied armies, sworn to defend the cause of democracy, continue to deal with Italys Fascist king and Marshal Badogho and refuse to rect conference of ognize the political parties recently organized at a meeting held In Bari, Italy? The "junta of toe Committees of Liberation named fol lowing the Bart conference, telegraphed to members of toe British house of commons a message which contained this passage: "Here Fascism, at first confused and fearful, has taken courage. It has assumed a mask and has rallied round the crown. Affecting a friendship which is too recent to be sincere, it has attempted to distort the judgment of your political and military officials. Once more oppressing our people as It has always done, It is putting all manner of legal and illegal obstacles In the way of any genuine popular Initiative which tries to render more efficient and serious the contribution of liberated Italy to toe war against the Germans. Addressing the Bari conference, Italian Sen. Benedetto Croce had said: "It is a fact that the waning prestige of the king and the lack of confidence In him prevent the king himself from rallying an Italian army; he himself, fearing toe opposition against his person, has prohibited the formation of an army of volunteers. Many young men who came to me from German-occupieterritory full of enthusiasm were forced to disband, disappointment in their hearts, because they did not find anyone to rally them and give them the opportunity to fight. Those statements seem forthright and fair. After reading them, I was not surprised when a fairly important but not "fairly informed person said to me: . "The Allies are lined up with the Fascists in Italy. Is that what we are fighting for? That seems to me a typical attitude, and one that the average man reflects when he considers the deals the American government has made, toe arrangement with Darlan in North Africa, for instance. Think of toe abuse heaped upon toe state department in that case toe deluge of fiery liberal criticism at home and in England, toe wrath of De Gaulle and toe rest of the French anti-Fascis- . Flocks of stars across toe night over. The moon floats down to lovely, cent death Lack Uniform Program WNU Service, Union On October 4, General Howard with his two aides, Lieut Guy Howard, his son, and Lieutenant Wood, accompanied by two friendly Nez The story of the Nez Perce war of Perces (both of whom had daugh1877 and of Chief Joseph' retreat ters in the hostile camp) and an inIf too familiar a tale to need repetiterpreter, arrived in Miles camp. tion In all Its details here. Its origin The next day, these two Nez Perces, was the old. old story of a broken George and Captain John, entered treaty, of white men covetous for the comp of the beleaguered IndiIndian lands, of white aggression ans. They told the chief that Genthat brought about retaliation by the eral Howard was there with promred man and then a call tor troops ises of good treatment and that his to "put down an Indian uprising." whole command was only two or In this case, however, the leader of three days behind him. With tears the Nei Perces did not decide to try in their eyes they begged him to to defend his naUve soil by fighting surrender because his was a lost the soldiers. Instead, he conceived cause and Joseph agreed. the bold plan of fleeing with bis The scene which followed is depeople to Canada, fighting only If scribed by Wood in a letter which the troops barred his road. has never before been published. It Gen. O. O. Howard, commander of follows: Cothe Military Department of the "The surrender was October 5, lumbia. acted promptly when news 1877. Joseph rode up the hill near of the killing of four settlers by a to sunset to where we were Howard, Miles, Chapman, the interpreter; Oscar Long, adjutant to Mdes, Guy Howard, the general's son and aide de camp, and myself. I was aide de camp, also adjutant general in the field in charge of records, etc. "Three or four men on foot hung around Joseph, clinging to his knees and saddle blanket. All were bareheaded. Joseph's hair hung in two braids on each side of bis face. He wore a blanket I do not remember the color, but I would say gray with a black stripe and I would say it was girdled about his waist but carried up and around his shoulders. Under his blanket he wore a woolen shirt open at toe throat, a dark color I am inclined to think it was army blue. He wore moccasins and leggings. His rifle was across toe pommel in front of him. When he dismounted he picked up his rifle, C. E. S. WOOD pulled his blanket closer around him young Nez Perce warrior marked and walked toward General Howard and ofTered him the rifle. Howard He bethe opening of the "war. gan concentrating troops at all stra- waved him toward Miles. He then tegic points to surround the Nez walked to Miles and began his Perce. The first engagement took speech. The text of that historic speech as place on June 17 when Captain a of small and given by Colonel Wood follows: troops body Perry Tell General Howard I know attacked Joseph's camp in White his heart. What he told me beBird canyon. Displaying unexpectfore I have it in my heart. ed military skill, Joseph laid a trap I am tired of fighting. Our for Perry and all but annihilated his chiefs are killed. Looking Glass command. is dead. is dead. After this defeat General Howard It is the young men now who took the field himself and the chase was on. Before it was ended the say "yes" and no (vote in the council). He who led on the Nez Perce leader outwitted, outyoung men (Ollicut, his brother) fought and outmarched the troops of is dead. It is cold and we have Howard, Colonel Sturgis of the Sevno blankets. The little children enth cavalry and several other deare freezing to death. My peotachments sent to intercept him. To realize the greatness of his achieveple some of them have run ment one has but to read this brief away to the hills and have no blankets, no food. No one knows summary: where they are perhaps freezThe Nez Perce leader was encumbered with women and children ing to death. I want to have time to look for my children and see whom he refused to desert and allow how many of them I can find; them to fall into the hands of the maybe I shall find them among soldiers, as he might have done sevthe dead. Hear me, my chiefs, eral times to facilitate his flight His my heart is sick and sad. From fighting force never at any time exwhere the sun now stands I will ceeded 300 warriors. Yet with these fight no more forever! handicaps he fought 11 engageThe above version of toe surrenments, five of them pitched battles, and he lost only one. In the other der speech is toe one given in an six skirmishes he killed 126 and article "Chief Joseph, toe Nez wounded 140 of the 2,000 soldiers Perce by Colonel Wood which apwho were on his trail at one time or peared in the Century magazine for another with a loss of 151 killed and May, 1884. It has often been re88 wounded of his own people. printed with considerable variation Then, having left his pursuers far in toe text but we have Colonel behind, he stopped 50 miles short of Woods assertion (in Chester A. his goal the Canadian line in Fees Chief Joseph The Biograorder to give his weary people a phy of a Great Indian) that this is chance to rest. He did not know of toe correct one. In the letter, previthe approach of Col. Nelson A. Miles ously quoted, he says: "NeitherGen-era- l and toe Fifth Infantry until his Miles nor anyone else knows Jocamp in toe Bear Paw mountains seph's long surrender speech accuin Montana was attacked on toe rately except myself. No one was morning of September 30. For five interested to take it down. Oscar days toe Nez Perce leader and' his Long, Miles regimental adjutant, little band, greatly outnumbered, was there to take it down but did withstood the soldiers attacks. not No one was told to take it 1929.) box-lik- e mid-Victori- g By BAUKIIAGE Colonel Wood, then a young (From "Poems From the Ranges, ELABOnATE cornice - to cover all rods and fixture used In hanging curtains were the height of fashion in the formal rooms of tire period. They were often made of carved wood or of metal in intricate designs. Again they were padded or bedecked with tasselj and fringe. in Italy ts A'nes Antift I and Coirmenlotor. chief actors in that drama. It was the surrender of Chief Joseph of the Nez Perce Indians in the Bear Paw mountains of Montana on October 5, 1877, after his epic retreat of more than 1,000 miles which won for him a place among the great captains of all time. Colonel Wood became world famous for a book of satirical essays which were published under toe title of "Heavenly Discourse. He was also a gifted poet. Typical of his verse is: NIGHT AND THE DESERT Anti-Fascis- Immediate Circumstances Necessitate Allied Cooperation With King and Badogtio As Leaders of Only Unified Group. Nlpr lieutenant on the staff of Gen. O. O. Howard, was present at the surrender, took down the Indian leaders surrender speech'' and it is to him that we are indebted for a complete and accurate text of what has become a classic of American oratory. ran. Tir:in. Cache Cmintv, Itah In toe vast stillness a small cuckoo-ow- l Flutes from his burrow to toe lagging moon. As a fly upon a window-pane- , my soul Feels its littleness in the cosmic bowl And elmgs to the sure bosom; knowing soon It will take care of me. Space wheels on Toward the firm, indomitable peaks of dawn. . "The sanest and safest course for us to follow is to judge all parties and factions dispassionately by toe test of their readiness and ability to fight the Germans and thus lighten toe burden of Allied troops. This is not a time for ideological preferences for one side or toe other, and certainly, we, His Majestys government, have not indulged ourselves in this way at all. And he might have added, the American government, the American army, is equally uninterested in ideologies. BRIEFS Civilians will get more coffee, chocolate and cocoa in 1944 than in 1943, according to the War Food administration. Because more batteries are needed for walkie-talkiebazookas, signal lights and other war equipment, there is little chance for an increased supply for civilians this year, according to toe WPB Churchill made later comment: "Should mo succeed In toe present battle and enter Rome as I trust and believe mo shall we shall be free to review the whole Italian political position and we shall do so with many advantages which we do not possess at the present time. One more Churchill quote before I try to present the American viewpoint: "I ahould be aorry. however, to see an unsettling change made at a time when the battle la at its climax, awaying to and fro. When you have to hold a hot coffee pot, it la better not to break of? the handle until you are sure that you can get another equally convenient and serviceable, or at least that you will find a dishcloth bandy." So much for the shadowy outline of the defense. Let me give you now, from my notebook. In the order In which I took It down, the story as told to me by one "who ought to know. At the Bari conference, there were a number of parties which seemed to agree, but they failed to oiler a concrete program or one that there was any firm guarantee would receive unified support In war, we cannot guess, we must know. There is no definitely established leadership among the anti' Fascists. 'We know there Is no future for any leadership under the king and Badoglio. But we must operate io the present not the future. At present there is but one unified group, small oi; large, loved or hated as it may be, and that is toe government which surrendered to the Allies, r King Victor EmmanueL Another point ahould ba noted for us-de- Must Be Realittt We have to be realists now, and what is more, military realists. As Churchill said, what the Allies need are Italians ready and able tc fight Germans. Such a group ex ists. Italians are fighting side by side with Americans and British Although the Italian fleet has not been called to action, it surrendered without resistance. The Italian officers on duty are still loyal to the symbol (the king) to which they made their oath. We .are perfectly willing, we are anxious, that they choose a new democratic symbol. But until they do get a new symbol to which the majority of Italians can adhere, we are not going to throw away toe old. (Churchills coffee pot.) So much for what seems to be toe Allies viewpoint with my added I beunofficial, but lieve, authentic, Interpretation. Bui there Is something more that no official would dare whisper. It is the problem which the Allies know they are going to face in every country. Italy is a sample. Il is something unpleasant but some thing we must face. I understand that toe Italian people in the liberated regions have not been inimical to the Americans. Bui they are resentful. They are hun gry. They cannot understand why these strong young soldiers, whe have freed them, do not feed them The trucks go by loaded with munitions and supplies. Some food has been distributed. Not enough. Tc feed all toe people would mean halting military operations while th( Germans made hay in the sunshine of our charity. The present Italian government has still some discipline over the people; it is brutal, perhaps, but effective. A new government which really expressed the peoples will today would have to demand food would increase the pressure on the Allies for supplies that they cannot spare while they are fighting foi their lives. That is another realistic, military reason for toe policy of toe Allies. And, unfortunately, that is something that toe Allies can expect tc face as more and more Europear territory is liberated. The liberated people cannot be blamed if resentment that they do not receive more, wipes out toe gratitude for the modicum that military men can spare. Armies cannot be idealistic. And armies or governments at war which support them, cannol worry about ideologies. It is toe bad. But it is likewise only too ti'ue. none-toe-le- by Baukhage Ten thousand new passenger automobiles and 7,500 new bicycles wiL be available under rationing to civilians in March the same quotas a those for February. Nearly 40 The front of the cornice was called the face. The ends were called returns. Cornices are still used in simplified forms for our own windows and these terms are also used. This sketch shows tore different treat-men- u of box cornices for modern win-Sow- s. They all five a professional effect, ret any amateur may make them. Thw Digram shows grooves cut on the Inaidw f the returns to hold wooden rods or slat to be used Instead of meUl rods for hanging glass curtains and overdraperies. It you already have double curtain rods. ust leave them la place and fit your cor-hiover them. If you decide to paint the stood instead of covering It. the color may match the room woodwork or It may repeat some color In the drapery material, as shown at the right. re I This la the fourth and last ot NOTE: the scries on modem adaptations of period eurtatn styles. If you are interested In making scalloped wooden cornice! you will a ant pattern 207 which contains designs f scallops which may be used to cut iozens of different types to fit windows ot sny size. Pattern No. 207 is IS cents post- -' paid. Address: MRS. RUTH WYETH 6PEARS New York Bedford Hills Drawer IS Enclose 13 cents for Pattern No. 207. Name Address RUB FOR COLD MISERY bpread Penetro on throat, chest, back cover with warm flannel eases muscular aches, pains, coughs. Breathed-i- n vapors comfort irritated nasal membranes. Outside, warms like plaster. Modem medication in a base containing old fashioned mutton suet, only 25c, double supply 35c. Get Penetro. 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