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Show CA CITE AMERICAN PAGE SIX The Red Cross Looks Back Over Three-Quarte- LOGAN. CACHE COUNTY. UTAn rs Of a Century of Service to Suffering Mankind, Regardless of His Race, Nationality or Creed By Edward Kenneth Stabler tfuira4 fc? I'Mtora Ncwppf Jtxlaa ITS after compartmen the by inrushing sea, the submarine Squalus plunged to the bottom of Portsmouth, N. II., on May 23. The United States navy assuming charge of rescue operations, waged a successy battle against ful time and the elements in bringing to the surface olive the 33 men who survived the sinking. Cut the tragedy of the Squalus was not confined to the sea. The many relatives and friends of the entombed men, who came hurriedly to the New England town, were equally victims of catastrophe. They required housing, attendance, information and, A major obligation of the Red Cross is In work for veterans and in some instances, medical men. This picture shows a Gray Lady, one of the thousands care, during the long hours service who aid tick and disabled in our hospitals. of waiting. two-da- Japan's Gills Replace Men In Industry J Heroine cf the American Red Cross By ELMO SCOTT WATSON Just as the name of one man, Henri Dunant, is inseparably linked with the early history of the International Red Cross, so is the name of one woman the syno- nym for the foundation of the American Red Cross. She is known to fame as Clara Barton although that is not the name which Capt. Stephen Barton and his wife gave to the Christmas gift which Santa Claus left in their farm home near North Oxford. Mass , on December 25, 1821. It was Clarissa Harlowe, after the heroine of Samuel Richardsons Eighteenth century romance. When Clarissa Harlowe Barton grew up, being a practical-minde- d young woman, she dropped that romantic name and became known simply as Clara Barton. If she had been a boy, perhaps she might have followed in the footsteps of her father, who had served in the Revolution under Mad Anthony and Wayne, joined the army. As it turned out, she was destined to go to war but she went to alleviate pain and suifering, not to cause it. Clara Barton was a sickly child but by engaging in vigorous out- door exercise she changed herself into a robust young woman, a fact which was important to her later career. In 1854 she established at Bordentown, one of the first free public schools in New Jersey. Service in the Civil War. After a very successful career as a teacher Miss Barton went to Washington and served as a clerk in the patent office where she was working when the Civil war broke out. Then she determined to devote herself to the care of wounded soldiers on the battle- - omen Fill Factory, Farm Jolie as Army Claims I I rys I Manpower. PrtPAred by National Geographic Society. aahttiK ion. D. C, UNU bervit e. When a Japanese soldier leaves hi native soil to fight an unde- clared war what happens to the job he left behind him? For Just as important a battle against some Chinese war lord if the battle on the naUona labor front. Japan, struggling for national stlf sufflcien cy, is finding the answer to this problem by filling vacant Jobs with its native girls and women. In the large citiea such as Tukyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, are many western-type factories'. Some of these are thoroughly up to date cement buildings, large windows, running water and modem toilets, clinics, and lunchrooms. In a toothpaste factory in Tokyo, the majority of Job are filled by girls 350 girls and only 70 men. The girl worker fill tubes, paste on labels and pack the cartons. They No. 1. B ISIS ESS. The commercial field in Japan ha claimed many young girl s at stenographers and clerk. Some of these girl are educated in the United State ami have adopted American office technique. However, the ttenogra-phe- r pictured here i using a typewriter with an oriental This keyboard has 2,200 symbol and a a result i much slower than the western type machine. key-hoar- d. hat to watch constantly the silk feeding onto 20 spindles. To do this, she must stand all day, and her handa are continually in and out of basins of hot water, pulling the silk strand! from the cocoons and directing them over the tiny wheels to the spindle above. The workers of the silk filature are on a contract basis and live In one part of the factory called the dormitory. To any section suffering from famine manager of factories go and make contracts with the families of girls. The family receives a sum of cash to help them carry on until the next good harvest, and the girl pays for it by serving three or four years in the filature. After her contract is fulfilled, she goes home and Is married to a young man whom her family has chosen. By far the greater number of Japan's factories are small workshops manned perhaps by two or three workers, or at most by 10 to 25. Some of these are family con- . , , Irl e,Wome"and or the family help. Others art neighborhood enterprises, to which the local girls and women flock. Tokyo Glass Factory. In any street may be heard tha soft whir of looms or the clang- - Three necks later a tornado mental and other agencies whose peacetime activity of the Red writhed its way across a rural facilities ere at hand, if needed Cross, which grows steadily and section of Minnesota, visiting its to supplement those of the Red benefits greater numbers year by wrath upon the town of Anoka Cross. year, has gained impetus in all In 58 years the American Red lands since the establishment in and villages nearby. In its wake Cross has assisted the victims of May, 1919, of the League of Red 10 persons lay dead and 90 injured. The toll of property dam- more than 2,200 disasters and has Cross societies, with headquarage Included 35 homes destroyed, expended approximately $140,' ters in Paris. 000,000 in disaster relief, most 110 damaged, and 200 bams comFounded through the vision and pletely or partially wrecked. of it since the World war. Dur- initiative of Henry P. Davison, There was instant and wide- ing the past 15 years it has wartime chairman of the Amerispread need of food and shelter served in an average of 92 do- can Red Cross, with the for the victims, of medical and mestic disasters annually, and of the Red Cross societiessupport of the nursing care, and, in the long during the year ending June 30 United States, Great Britain, days ahead, rehabilitation of last, it rescued, clothed, housed, France, Italy and Japan, the fed and gave medical, nursing families and homes. league has grown steadily in imBy press and radio the story and rehabilitation aid to 100,000 portance and strength until it now 148 of victims disasters persons, of such disasters spreads. We feel includes all of the national Red a sharp, quick sympathy for in the United States. Cross societies. Its chairman is Record ol a Year. those fellow humans and we have Mr. Davis, chairman of the an instant impulse to aid. Some conception of the magni- American Red Cross. tude of this continuing peacetime The Red Cross Is There. The league, however, is but one The feeling of sympathy re- task can be had from the sum- of the two agencies of the world mains but the human impulse mary of reports covering the 12 family of Red Cross societies. passes almost as quickly as it months ending June 30 of this The other and older is the InterA. 2. MANUFACTURE. Be-- . During that time the national Red Cross committee, came. It fades in the face of year. cause the army needs men fac I Red American Cross has: our realization of detachment and with headquarters in Geneva, tones of every type have been of our individual inability to help. Through its civilian home serv- where it was established in 1864 forced to replace male worker In another moment we are caught ice, assisted 116,000 families af- under provisions of the Geneva with young girls. Here i a Japup again in the current of events fected by economic and other convention. maid bringing in wood to anese of that eddy round us. That we do forms distress; Each of these bodies preserves be made into charcoal. Other Provided service for 165,000 its not then carry with us an inindividuality and its own field industries in which these girls escapable sense of futility is due war veterans or their families of activity, corresponding roughfind to our confidence that the dis- through its chapter home servemployment include the to supervision of wartime acaster victims are receiving suc- ice sections and national liaison ly manufacture of shoes, clothing, jflV, CKy.U ' the international comby tivity Barton was first president cor as prompt and competent and representatives; glass, pottery, toothpaste and a I 'KlhS''L'4n mittee and of peacetime activity ofClara the American of field branch the direcThrough chapters, host of others. complete as man has yet been by the league. They Cross when it was organized able to devise. Which is to say tors and hospital social workers, on a basis of constant, mutual Red in 1882. stand at long tables from 7 in the that we know the Red Cross is extended help and medical social consultation, which is furthered there, doing all that can be done. service to 40,000 men of the by an exchange of delegates. field and she was instrumental in morning until 5 in the afternoon. Forty minutes for lunch and two rest It may never have occurred to The services of these bodies, to- organizing the Sanitary Commisperiods of ten minutes each are some that this assurance, which sion took which nursof charge gether with the International Red their only chances to sjf down. holds good at all times the world sick wounded and in soldiers Cross conferences, held every ing The manager who shows you over, is a comparatively recent in field and hospitals. four years, provide the channels the around points proudly to the rooms and a somewhat miraculous She of served with the army 62 which the national through where the employees change from that the organization thing; Red Cross societies function as the Potomac and in 1864 was apstreet to work clothes, and to the which we join as a member each in of the pointed lady charge one gigantic and unified organiwith running water where year is the largest and most hospitals of the Army of the laundry zation, the International Red James. the uniforms are washed. in existence, annihilatCross. Outnumber Men 4 to 1. ing distance and the man-mad-e In 1865 she went to Anderson-villTribute to Pioneers. barriers of nationalism and prejIn a stocking and rubber shoe facGa., to identify and mark udice and creed; that in its dithe graves of Union prisoners tory near Osaka again the majority Observance of the seventy-fift- h verse and largely voluntary funcanniversary of this organization buried there and in the same of workers are women and girls in every civilized land is a fitting year President Lincoln placed 4,000 girls to 1,'000 men. Some work tioning, in war and peace, whenNo. 3. FA RM! NG. One of Jaever and wherever there is hutribute to the heroic endeavors her in charge of the search for at sewing machines, others pack the man suffering, it is one of the finished product. The girls wear pan's chief needs at the present of the men and women of every missing men of the Union armost effective and remarkable white cloths over their hair, but no time is food for its soldiers on member nation, who labored long mies. Chinas war fronts. Now, as at and successfully in the establishagencies of mankind. she masks to protect their lungs. During the years 1866-6- 7 To questions as to age, hours of no other time in ment and the promotion of the lectured on her war experiences This year marks the seventy-fift- h history, Japawork, and living conditions, the pro- nese women have turned to the national Red Cross societies and and afterward went to Switzeranniversary of the founding of the International Red Cross at the International Red Cross. The land for her health which had prietor answers that the girls live in fields to provide this food. Pic'Vi names of some of these individu- been seriously affected by her the neighborhood and have lunch in tured here are Geneva, Switzerland, August 22, young girls pickals are famous, others are un- strenuous labors during the war. the factory. 1864, when the representatives of ing weeds from a field of rice. One of Japans largest industries 12 nations signed the Geneva conknown; but the names of all of She was at Geneva when the I y Franco-Prussia- n war broke out them are legion. vention, or Red Cross treaty, seting and banging of heavy machinshe assisted the grand duch- - i and forth humanitarian the .a v printing One among them all, however, ery. A few of these illustrate how i , t in of ess Baden the JL of the organization. preparation ciples has prior claim to praise and recvast numbers of Japan's women are , V-, a of military hospitals. Also she 4 Jv During these 75 years the Inognition in this anniversary year. employed. with became work the acquainted ternational Red Cross has exFor the International Red Cross In a glass factory in Tokyo, Swiss founder of Henri of the Red Cross and she gave is his living memorial a perpetpanded until today there are Red the Red Dunant, housed in fragile wooden buildings, 1864. in Cross This picto aid unstinted that society. Cross societies in 62 nations humanitarian-ismto , his women sort, wash, and pack the ture was made at the time he was ual tribute At the joint request of the Gerenrollwhich have a world-wid- e his vision and his industry. glassware. Floors are simply d of Stras-bur- g first the Nobel the man authorities and the recipient ment of more than 34,000,000 His name, too little known since earth, and the window openPeace Prize. de Comite she Secours," adult and junior members. his death in 1910, is Henri DuThe furnaces make ings small. the supplying of Although the United States was army, navy, marine corps and nant, and his story is the story of superintended the heat insufferable even on a cool work to the poor of that city in Red the of the coCross. It 1871 and in 1872 coast guard; origin represented at Geneva and day. had charge of Continued the campaign against is one of remarkable individual the operated in framing of the conTokyo also has a concern which of distribution public supplies vention, the traditional reluc- injury and death in the water, on effectiveness in the field of hu- to the destitute makes metal fixtures, heads for of Paris people tance of this government and its the highways, in factories, by manitarian endeavor. electric-ligh- t who had undergone the horrors of bulbs, tops for candy people to participate in interna- training 100,000 new bottles and vanity cases heavy maIt begins in his native city of siege and the reign of the Comtional agreements involving trea- and 313,000 new chine work. Machinery Is placed so where he was a successmune. ties with European powers, pre- bringing the total of Highway Geneva, ful young banker; takes him to close together that you fear to pass At the close of the war she vented ratification by the United First Aid stations to 2,720 and of the Plains of through a room lest you be caught Lombardy in north- was decorated with the golden States and establishment of its mobile first aid units to 2,424; ern Italy, where he was an eye- cross of Baden and the iron cross by some part of your clothing. own national Red Cross until Women and girls with rounded Through 2,126 of its chapters, witness of the Battle of Solferino, of Germany. March 1, 1882. continued activities in home and one of the bloodiest engagements shoulders squat before machines of the Red Cross. Founding secret of the constant, The farm accident prevention to less- of the Nineteenth century; carcrudely made by the concern Itself, Upon her return to this counpreparedness of the Ameri- en the annual loss of life and ries him into the nearby village try in 1873 Miss Barton inaugufashioning the covers and bulb can Red Cross of today is the number of injuries; ends. Some of the girls are barely of Castiligione, where he labored rated a movement to secure recsecret of training and organiza14 or 15; some are middle-age- d In with physicians heroically for days at the head of ognition of the Red Cross society tion. Its secretary. Miss Mabel made 1,000,000 public health a small band of volunteers in do- by the American government or old women. One woman with and West4. No. AFTER HOURS. T. Boardman, once asked by an nursing visits to or in behalf of ing whatever could be done for finally, during the administration bad eyesight bends and squints over ern ideas have made inroads her work. admiring but mystified question- the sick, examined thousands of the unattended thousands of of President Arthur, saw her lainto the workaday life of the er, How does the Red Cross get school children for physical de- wounded and dying; finds him in bors rewarded. Naturally she beAs you ascend the scale of emto the scene of disaster so fects, and trained 50,000 women temporary seclusion, while he came the first president of the Japanese girls but with these ployment, the Japanese woman is promptly?, replied: The Red and girls in the home care of the writes letters to influential friends American Red Cross when it was new ideas of work has also come not missing. Telephone girls, typCross does not have to get there; sick: a trend toward new recreational ists, or copyists throng the business and a small volume vividly de- organized in 1882. it is there. 9,000,000 in Junior Red Cross. Miss Bartons humanitarian laactivity. These two Japanese offices. The telephone girls are, on picting the horrors he had witIt is there in the personnel of Through the Junior Red Cross, nessed, setting forth proposals for bors did not end with the wars. girls are walking out on the the whole, older than the clerks. its 3,716 chapters and 8,200 stimulated the interest of more permanent, neutral, volunteer During the eighties she was busy court for a game of tennis. The Many of them are married. The branches, each with its commit- than 9,000,000 school children in organization in all countries, superintending the work of sucone on the left even wears shorts typists are higher school students tee on disaster prevention and health education, character build- which could be counted upon to coring the afflicted in the great like ranging in age from 18 to 20. Some many an aspirant for court use disaster relief. It is there in the ing, international correspondence care for the sick and wounded of fires which swept Michigan, in honors the native instrument; others, American women among esand better understanding and war and the victims of catastro- the floods on the Ohio and Missiswho know English, are trained to machinery of players. tablished through regional and na- peace among nations; use the modern machine. phe in time of peace; and it fol- sippi rivers and at the great tional headquarters, under the diThrough the work of volun- lows him through the capitals of Johnstown flood in Pennsylvania. is the preparing of the raw silk The oriental has a rect supervision of its national teers, produced 330,000 garments Europe where he pleaded and She served as president of the (skeins of silk thread) to be sent to board containing typewriter more than 2,200 H. Davis. It for disaster victims and others in fought for his plan, back to the American Red Cross for 22 years Europe and America. This work is symbols, including some 2,000 Chichairman, Norman is ready v .th disaster relief work- need, 4,600,000 surgical dressings council tables of Geneva, where, and to the end of her days, which done in factories called silk filatures nese ideographic characters, two ers, by n.eans of immediate ap- for local hospitals, and 720,000 at long last, he saw his brain came in 1912, she was the living which are practically staffed with kana, or syllabary systems of 51 propriations from its national pages of reading matter in child born, a healthy infant, des- exponent of the spirit which has girls and young women. symbolos each, the English alphabet To the onlooker, the job Itself (both small and capital budget, and with the carefully Braille for the blind. tined to grow and prosper m the made the Red Cross the greatletters), of and extensive most This seems in the since diversified world. governeach girl and the Arabic numerals. service of humanity. prepared est mother trying, I ih e, vs - Jr' life-save- rs first-aider- s, far-flu- '.Vi |