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Show CACHE AMERICAN. LOGAN. UTAH Storms of Winter Injure Farm Land By ELMO SCOTT WATSON of the winter would prevent that Longfellow fixes Copyright, cr JUSTBCE HEX COLLI KH by th North American Newspaper Alliance, InC. FALL HATCHING IS ON THE INCREASE n no one can sa exactly wcn it occurs. Con-su- it latest edition of Websters dictionary and you will find this definition of the word: "A period of warm or mild weather late in autumn h,..lV or early winter usually characterized by a clear or cloudless sky and by a hazy or smoky appearance of the atmosphere, especially near the horizon. The name is of American origin, the reason for it being uncertain; it is also '5 used in England. In England the period when occurring in November is also called St. Martins Summer (St. Martins Day being November 11); when occurring in October, St. Lukes Summer or the Little Summer of St. Luke (St. Lukes Day being October 18), chiefly dialectally; when occurring in September, St. Austins or St. Augustines Summer. Formerly Allhallow Summer (All Saints Day being November 1) was also used in England. So there you have your choice A- - of three months September, October and November in which to say It's Indian Summer now. But the meteorological exSlates perts in the United weather bureau not only add another month to that list but they also declare that you can say It's Indian Summer now several times during the four months. Here is what they say about it: Indian Summer is the name applied in this country to a period of mild fail weather following a spell of unseasonable cold weather known as 'squaw winter,' such as occurred this fall. It is not a fixed season in the calendar. In many years it is intermittent; that is, there may be several Indian Summers in one autumn. Thoreau in notes on weather conditions at Concord, Mass., from 1851 to 1860, records the occurrence of Indian Summers on dates ranging from September 27 to December 13. This indefinite spell is likely to be more apparent in the upper Mississippi valley where it is more inclined to be in strong contrast with the climatic conditions that precede and follow it. East of the Mississippi valley, the autumn periods of dryness and tranquility become irregular in their occurrence and of brief duration, k The peculiar haze which may occur at this time of the year is chiefly caused by the accumulation of dust and smoke in the almost motionless atmosphere. It is frequently called dry fog and usually appears in what is known e as an when fine, dry weather prevails. Minute diatoms and volcanic dust and the dust from decayed vegetable matter contribute to the density of it. It may also be increased by the smoke from prairie and forest fires which may be transported great distances through the upper atmosphere, while at the same time the air near the earth may remain quite clear. In regard to the Indian Summer on other continents, they say: In Europe as well as in this country it is popularly believed Indians to use this time in preparation for winter by laying in stores of food, or from their belief that it was caused by a wind blowing directly from the court of the southwestern god." In support of these versions he gave two quotations, one from Rev. James Freeman (who incidentally placed the season definitely in October) and the other from the National Intelligencer (which placed it in November). Freeman's version is this: The southwest is the pleasantest wind which blows in New England. In the month of October, in particular, after the frosts, which commonly take place at the end of September, it frequently produces two or three weeks of fair weather, in which the air is perfectly transparent, and the clouds, which float in the sky of purest azure, are adorned with brilliant colors. This charming season is called the Indian Summer, a name which is derived from the natives, who believe that it is caused by a wind which comes immediately from the court of their great and benevolent god Cautantowwit, or the southwestern god. Here is the quotation from the "The National Intelligencer: short season of pleasant weather occurring about the middle of November is called the Indian Summer, from the custom of the Indians to avail themselves of this delightful time for harvesting their corn. It is a bland and genial time, in which the birds, insects, and plants feel a new creation. The sky in the meantime, is generally filled with a haze of orange and gold, intercepting the direct rays of the sun, yet possessing enough of light and heat to prevent sensations of gloom or chill, while the nights grow sharp and frosty, and the necessary fires give cheerful forecast of the social winter evenings near at hand. Prairie Fires and Indian Attacks. W. Faux, the author of Memorable Days, and James Kirke Paulding, who wrote John Bull in America, agree in stating that the early settlers in America gave the name to the season because they imagined that the smoky haziness of the air was The Spirit of Indian Summer It happened sometimes, how- Filled was the air with a dreamy and magical luhl; and the lamUcapo ever, that the welcome inclement In all Uc frcali weather gave way to a few days Lay aa ifof childhood. no of unseasonable warm weather. Since election day comes In This was called Indian Summer because it gave the Indians an- November, the following quotaother chance to wage destructive tion from Whittier's, The Eve warfare apainst the colonists of Election" also places Indian once more. Summer in that month: Kercheval in his History of From fold lo fray the Valley of Virginia" takes the Our mild sweet day same view of the origin of the Of Indian Summer fades too soon; But tendetly term. He says: It sometimes Above the tea after the that happened apparent Hanes, white snd calm, the hunter's moon. onset of winter the weather beIn Its pale Are came warm; the smoky time' village spire commenced and lasted for a con- Shows like The the todiac s spectral lance; siderable number of days. This The painted walla thereon it falls was the Indian Summer beTransfigured stand in marble trance! cause it afforded the Indians who during the severe winter Stephen Henry Thayer puts it a Rendezvous With Indian Summer Newspaper Union Service) that a renewal of mild weather occurs every autumn, and the dates of its supposed occurrence are more definitely fixed than is the case in America. The mild period thus, is known in different parts of Europe as St. Martins Summer, or St. St. Lukes Summer Michaels Summer, and tradition fosters the idea that it is always mild and warm, about the time of these various saints days. Climatological facts, however, do not always square with this belief. Origin of the Name. As to the origin of the name, Indian Summer, you also have a wide range of choice. An early edition of Websters Dictionary declared that the name is derived from the custom of the II .cititiun V Lack trn.h, SxMtp ( Oti.o (llurlei News) never made any incursions into the settlements another opportunity of visiting the settlements with destructive warfares. The melting of the snow saddened every countenance, and the genial warmth of the sun chilled every heart with horror. The apprehensions of another visit from the Indians and of being driven back to the detested fort were painful in the highest degree. First Use of Name. The earliest known printed reference to the name Indian Summer was that made by a Frenchman, St. John Creve-coewho lived at Pine Hill, Orange county, N. Y., late in the Eighteenth century. In an essay, A Snow Storm as It Affects the American Farmer, written some time between 1769 and 1779 and first printed in 1782 he called it IEte Sauvage, a free translation of which would be Indian Summer. In this essay he said, After the fall of leaves, but before any snowfall, comes a rainy period. Great rains at last replenish the springs, the brooks, the swamps and impregnate the earth. Then a severe frost succeeds which prepares it to receive the voluminous coat of snow which is soon to follow; though it is often preceded by a short interval of smoke and mildness, called the Indian Summer. This is in general the invariable rule: Winter is not said properly to begin until these few moderate days and the rising of the waters have announced it to man. This antedates by at least a decade the first printed reference attributed to Maj. Eben-ezDenny, an officer in the Revolution who later served with Harmars and St. Clairs expeditions against the Western Indians. In 1794 Major Denny was stationed at LeBoeuf, a few miles from the present city of Erie, Pa., and on October 13 he wrote in his diary: Pleasant weather. The Indian Summer here. Frosty nights. Since those days Indian Summer has been a favorite theme for writers and artists. When was the red mans summer? asks Lydia Huntley Sigourney, the Felicia Hemans of America and one of the early Nineteenth century poets. Then, without trying to fix the date in one of her poems, she says it came little later in the month when he says that It Is In the autumn's vember. skies, seductive, the earth. When dotage, mil seem No- to woo soils, raslures have been "Natur," the old school-marwho pities our distress. She gives her children every year a little glad recess; An ol boys and girls, they feel their hearts thaw out. An' life flows on as music'ly as water from a An' now the Ingtn Summer time, 'ith all Us rest is here. A piece of sweet meat stuck between the slices of the year; A sorter reign er Jubilee 'twixt snow an' thunder showers; A chunk of sweetness sandwiched In between the frost and flowers. good j knowledge, although not new to wool buyers, have been more definitely revealed in a recent study r of measurements made by special apparatus developed by Dr. Hardy. The measurements showed that the ability of an animal to produce a choice fleece is an individual rather than a breed characteristic. There is great variability among animals of the same breed. and photomicrographs measurements of wool fibers have shown some surprising variations in fineness of wool from different flocks of the same breed and from different individuals of the same flock. In several cases, wool from medium-woo- l sheep proved to be finer than that usually obtained from some sheep of fine - wool breeds. All measurements of samples were made with apparatus which Dr. Hardy has perfected, and has found to be much more accurate than the usual method of judging The method by hand and eye. offers breeders an opportunity to select their breeding stock with greater accuracy in respect to fineness and uniformity of wool. Corn and Cobmeal Another famous dialect poet, Frank L. Stanton, writing of Indian Summer in his native state of Georgia, declares that Corn and cobmeal will not harm It will not produce quite as pigs. good gains due to the fact it is a little too high in fiber to be best Injun Summer suits me. soft night and suited to the digestion of fattening stilly day, And I could keep on dreamin' till I shoats. Corn and cobmeal is suitdreamed my life away. able for feeding to dairy cows or But not all the beautiful trib- - growing heifers or calves, states a If utes to Indian Summer have been writer in the Rural New-Yorkein verse. Oliver Wendell Holmes, so used a good mixture is 600 writer of delightful prose as well pounds corn and cobmeal, 600 as poetry, in his essay on the pounds ground oats, 400 pounds ground barley, 300 pounds wheat seasons, says: bran, 200 pounds linseed oilmeaL In October, or early in November, after the 'equinoctial storms,' comes the The mineral mixture of equal parts Indian Summer. It is the time to be in iodized stock salt, ground limestone the or on the seashore a sweet and steamed bonemeal is suitable season that should be given to lonely for all classes of live stock mixed walks, to stumbling about In old the feed the Ave yards,' pluclung m the wy the aromiidic silvery herb everlasting, and smelling per cent of the grain mixture. at its dry flower until It etherizes the ' soul into aimless reveries outside of Bovine Tuberculosis space and time. There is no need of trying to paint the still, warm, misty, It is difficult to recognize tuberIndian in Summer dreamy words, there are many states that have no articulate culosis in cattle in its early stages. The first noticeable symptom of a vocabulary, and are only to be reproduced by music, and the mood this sea- chronic case is a dry cough. The son produces is of that nature." condition of the animal slowly deIn The Guardian Angel he teriorates and there is loss of flesh, continues on that theme thus: To those who know the Indian Sumof our northern states it is needless mer accompanied by an unhealthy appearance of the coat. The disease affects nearly all the organs of the body but in individual cases may be confined to one organ or a set of neighboring organs. Indiana Farmers Guide. to describe the influence It exerts on the senses and the soul. The stillness of the landscape in that beautiful time is as If the planet were sleeping, like a top, before it begins to rock with the storms of autumn. All natures seem to find themselves more truly In Its light; love grows more tender, religion more spiritual, memory sees farther back into the Choosing Apples past, grief revisits Its mossy marbles, In making cider vinegar many the poet harvests the ripe thoughts which he will tie in sheaves of verses by his fail to obtain a first class product winter fireside." due to unwise selection of fruit or And in Elsie Venner he use of unripe or decayed apples for Cider refers again to this season by declaring that The real forest is hardly still except in Indian Summer; then there is death in the house, and they are waiting for the sharp shrunken months to come with white raiment for the summer's burial. Western Newspaper Union. SiPlwHK O j over-graze- d and the covering of grass will be thinner than ususul. All these factors will combine to make conditions favorable for erosion during late fall and winter downpours. Oats, wheat, or rje will serve to protect fields which can be planted to these common grains. Oats will winterkill but if they are planted early enough they obtain sufficient growth to furnish ground cover in the winter. Wheat or rye are usually more satisfactory as cover crops and they can be plowed down in the spring in time to get the field ready for other crops. D. R. Dodd, specialist in agronomy, Ohio state university, say thin pastures can be helped materially by Bpljmg lime and fertilizer and by reseeding the poorer spots. Lime should be aplied only after the soil has been tested. Mr. Dodd recommends the use of 20 per cent 6 fertilizer superphosphate or a at the rate of from 300 to 500 pounds per acre. Early fall seeding of the grasses in the pasture mixture frequently gives the best results. A good mixture contains 7 pounds Kentucky blue grass, 4 pounds timothy or orchard grass, 3 pounds red top, 3 pounds red clover, and 1 pound white clover. The legumes for this mixture can be seeded in the spring. the cider. Vinegar, according to requirements of many states regulating its sale, must contain at least four per cent acetic acid. Usually, high acidity of vinegar depends on the sugar content of the apple and resulting cider. For this reason mature apples are more satisfactory for cider vinegar. T Klein, Extentina Poultry Sixcial-uMaMarhiitrttt Stlt College. WNU most Cross-section- Piece of Sweetmeat. Other poets, however, are more concerned with what it is rather than when it is and have given us some charming descriptions. Sam Walter Foss, in his inimitable dialect, calls it a piece of sweetmeat in the following verse: A By G. usual wool-fibe- Kuhn in the Indianapolis Poultrymen Plan Uniform Egg Production. water during the grow- ing season prevented the amount of plant giouth on Although wool is graded according to its fineness of fiber, the finest wool is not always the choicest, says Dr. J. I. Hardy, specialist in animal fibers, of the United States bureau of animal industry. This caused by the great fires which the Indians had started on the prairies of the West then an unknown and mysterious region of unimaginable area. But two n historians agree on still another theory. Dr. Joseph Doddridge, author of Notes on the Settlement and Indian Wars of the Western parts of Virginia and Pennsylvania from 1763 to 1783, traces the When the origin of the name back to Colo- In fleeting colors wrotegroves their own decay; nial days when Indians were still When with heart or a menace to the white men. depressed, the white man Foreboding All during the summer, set- The markedof coming winter, ther. began signs tlers in the more harassed 'sec- The Indian s joyous season. tions had to live behind stockades John G. C. Brainerd, a conin constant dread of Indian raids. of Mrs. Sigourney, is temporary of win'er more specific in placing When the chill blasts the seacame on, everyone breathed a son at the time sigh of relief. No longer would When the frost the Indians attack. The severity Turns Into beauty all October's charms. well-know- R il Cun. .kgrom.niii. Suit I imrii.tjr, VM' ScMkt Land oh mis should nuike provisions to protect their fields from the destruction of winter storms which Cannot s.d crops but which do cause severe erosion. By Method Better Than Hand and Eye Aid to Sheepmen er (Ray Walters in Western tty Protection From Erosion Is Urped by Early Use of Common Grains. the season The hemmed-tsettlers about the first of November in a as Mark Twain once declared that "everybody danger. now to the open, going to passage in his Evangeline as talks about the weather, but no one ever does any- their took cabins outside with the follows: log thing about it, so it may be said that everybody joyful feeling of men released Then followed that beautiful raon. Called by Urn pious Acadian pcAtants talks about Indian Summer and its delightful weath-e- r from prison. the summer of Alt &mu. UST BULLETS i Rcowiiy ft l J. 7X 4j P ? Inspector Cowley's Chart af the Dillinger Trap JOHN DILLINGER DILLINGER would be today, In all probability In Alcatrax prison for one thing: a determination never to be taken alive by officer of the law. With the permission of J. Edgar Hoover, director of the federal bureau of Investigation, thi writer has been privileged to delve Into the grim files of the F. B. I. on the lurid case of the late public enemy number one. I have seen for myself and am able to reveal publicly tor the first time intimate details of the carefully laid plans which led up to the fatal shooting of Dillinger outside a Chicago movie house on the night of July 22, 1934. Those plans, locked in a steel cabinet at the Department of Justice and guarded until now from any but official eyes, disclosed a number of interesting things bearing on the recently agitated question: Was the shooting to death of Dillinger justified? 1. Specific orders were issued by Hoover that Dillinger must be taken alive, is possible. 2. Four men were stationed on the sidewalk, near the theater entrance, with instructions to seize Dillinger bodily as he passes. 3. By Hoover's order, relayed to the agents by Inspector Samuel P. Cowley, there were no machine guns, rifles or shotguns at the scene. The agents were armed only with pistols and warned not to draw them unless "absolutely necessary. 4. Dillinger quickly saw two agents starting to close in and seize him, turned to face them, bent to a crouching position, whipped out a .38 caliber automatic pistol and was about to fire when three agents beat him to the draw. Unjustified? Well, of course, the agents could have let this known killer fire first, but in so doing, they would have endangered not only their own lives, but the safety of a gathering crowd of men, women and children emerging from the theater. The circumstances surrounding the shooting of Dillinger have been inthe subject of an quiry by secret service men. They went to the Chicago police for information, it is said, but the Chicago police knew nothing of the plans. Those plans were made in the Chicago office of the F. J. I., after conversations with telephonic Hoover at Washington. Only one other law enforcement agency was in on them. That was the police department of East Chicago, Ind., a sergeant of which had brought to the F. B. I. a woman who said she knew the whereabouts of Dillinger. This woman was after $5,000 which the Department of Justice had offered for information leading to the capture of the gangster. After Dillingers death, she calmly collected the money and signed an extraordinary receipt in which she released the government from any whatsoever. further obligation More about that receipt later. The woman was Anna Sage. Her identity was guarded closely by the JOHN . In J Chicago. Chicago office on Sunday until 5.30 p. m when, by phone, Mr. Sage advised that she. Polly and would attend either the Marbro or Biograph theater, on Chicago north side, about 8 p. m. Plans were made to "cover both theaters. Two agents were assigned to the Marbro and two to the to watch all persona entering them and to flash the word to headquarters as soon as Dillinger was spotted. At 8:50 p. m. the agents at the Biograph phoned that Dillinger had just entered the movie house with Mrs. Sage and Polly. Polly, It should be explained, was wholly unaware of the approaching Bio-gra- trap. Cowley mobilized a force of sixteen agents and five policemen of the East Chicago department. A careful study had been made previously of the layout" of the theater. Seven agents were assigned to guard emergency exits in the rear of the theater, while the others were stationed along the block in s front, hidden in vestibules, and other points of vantage. Among the four assigned to "seize Dillinger bodily" was Special Agent H. E. Hollis, who later was killed alongside Cowley by Baby Face" Nelson. Names of all other agents are withheld. Hollis was standing at the curb, a few feet south of the theater entrance. Agent D was in the vestibule a little further south. If Dillinger walked to the south, it was the job of this pair to grab him as he passed between them. At the curb, about the same distance to the north of the theater, were two policemen in plain clothes. Agent A, loitering in a vestibule opposite the point where Hollis was standing, was to light a cigar as a signal that Dillinger was emerging. Agent B sat in an automobile parked near Hollis. Agent C was beside Agent D in a vestibule, about midway between the theater and an alley. At the curb, near the mouth of the alley, were Agents G and H, with instructions to watch for the cigar signal and then close in from the south. At the other side of the theater, near Policemen 3 and 4, were Agents E and F, who were to close in from the north. Across the street was the remainder of tne detail. Inspector Cowley kept moving back and forth along the block, surveying the situation. At the moment Dillinger appeared, Cowley was across the street, but he crossed quickly as his men closed area-way- n well-know- n much-hunte- The number of pullets purchased this fall to produce eggs for fall hatching will probably exceed that of most recent years. FaU batching is definitely on the Increase as poultrymen continue with their plan of bringing about uniform egg production throughout the year. Studies made by extension services have shown that the consumer pays 13.6 cents more a dozen tor eggs from July 1 to December 1 than he does during the winter and spring months, mainly because the majority of chicks are hatched in March and April and come into production after December. Poultry-me- n now plan to hatch chicks in odd lots over the year and have eggs at reasonable prices any time the consumer wants them. Late fall Is the best time for hatching, and the brood should not number more than 25 per cent of the total flock. Records of poultrymen show that Rhode Island Reds hatched on October IS will be laying SO per cent in April; will go to 65 or 75 per cent in May, June, July, and August, and with some culling will hold 50 per cent production in September and October. These pullets can replace birds culled from the laying pens next summer and will give their heaviest production during the months that the average bird takes a vacation from FaU hatched birds have a tendency to lay smaller eggs and their brooding costs run slightly higher, but poultrymen are finding them profitable and the practice of faU hatching is on the Increase. Avoid Crowding Pullets, Poultry Experts Advice Costs of raising pullets may be reduced if attention is given to the adequate problem of providing brooding space as the chicks increase in size, says C. E. Rohde, of the Missouri College of Agriculture. Chicks that become crowded cost more to develop, as they grow more slowly. It is Important to market cockerels as broilers at the earUest possible time, in order to provide additional room for the growing puUets. Even when sufficient brooding units make it practical to release the cockerels, it is desirable to separate them from the pullets as soon as the sexes can be determined. Cockerels grow more rapidly and tend to crowd pullets from the feeders. Separation of the sexes wiU result in better and more uniform pullet development It wiU also enable producers to push the cockerels for an earlier market. This may be aclights complished by using to lengthen the feeding periods for the market birds. Dim, lighting may be done with kerosene or other types of lanterns, as weU as electric lights. with low-wa- tt In. When Dillinger and the two women came out, they turned to the south. Agent A lighted his cigar. The files show that Ageut D said to C: That is Dillinger with the As straw hat and the glasses. Dillinger passed. Agent L stepped quickly across the sidewalk to a position on the right of Dillinger, while Agent C approached him from the left. Agent Hollis, by prearrangement, moved in behind Dillinger. As this maneuvering started, Dillinger became aware ol the fact he was being surrounded. Affidavits of eyewitnesses agree that he reached quickly into his right trousers pocket he was wearing no coat and whipped out his pistol after Dillingers death beImmediately he began to crouch cause they had promised solemnly and dodge and was bringing the not to put her on the spot. Since gun into firing position when Hollis Mrs. Sage herself has elected to and two other agents, in drew their own pistols and disclose her connection with the case, the bureau no longer feels fired. Dillinger fell without uttering obligated to adhere to the promise a word and was dead when he of secrecy and consequently has reached a hospital As the firing given me the whole inside story of began, the two women ran. the Dillinger trap. Cowley met Mrs. Sage in Los to police Angeles on October 11, 1934, paid Mrs. Sage, her the promised $5,000 and obof East Chicago, told Inspector Cowley on the afternoon of July 21, tained her signature and finger1934, that she had been attending prints on a statement reading, in movies with a man who had been part: The U. S. Department of Justice introduced by a girl friend as Frank Sullivan. The other wom- did employ me to secure informaans identity will not be disclosed. tion leading to apprehension of John Her first name was Polly. Dillinger, alias Frank Sullivan. I, Mrs. Sage asserted she recognized Anna Sage, did secure and deliver Sullivan as Dillinger and asked personally to an official of the divihim outright if he were not the sion of investigation, Department of fugitive. Dillinger ad- Justice, information as to the mitted his identity. She declared whereabouts of the said John Dil- -' I she accompanied Dillinger and Unger at a particular time. con-1 in Marbro to the for and movie Anna theater L Sage, Polly in Chicago on several occasions, and sideration of the sum of $5,000 law-- 1 would be that she willing, for $5,000, ful money of the United States to to tip off the agents when another me in hand paid by S. P. Cowley, known to me as an official of the visit was planned. do Cowley and his men bided their U. S. Dept of Justice . . time anxiously the remainder of hereby release the Department of that Saturday evening, but no fur- Justice from all . . . debts, dues, ther word came from the woman. sums, reckonings, covenants, conAll available agents in the Chitracts, agreements, promises, damcago area were ordered to stand ages, judgments, claims and deby in anticipation of the tip that mands whatsoever in law or ip would start them into action. The equity I WNU Servlc. agents sat around restlessly in the d ... I t, Service. Success With Poultry Success in poultry is not merely a matter of buying some chicks, scattering some feed and bringing in the eggs. Many people seem to think that with two or three hundred chickens they can make a good living with very little work; when, as a matter of fact, it requires some 1,200 or 1,500 chickens and lots of hard work, experience, study and to an aptitude for the business, make a living from poultry exclusively, says a writer in the Rural New-Yorke- Cull Defective Chicks unthrifty, slow maturing, undersized chicks and pullets as soon as observed, advises an expert in the Ohio Experiment Station Bimonthly Bulletin. Such count of their being infected birds are generally culls because of an inherent weakness or on account of their being infected with disease or infested with parasites, either of which may be transmitted to the balance of the flock. Hence, all such birds should be culled and disposed of as soon as possible. Cull sickly, With the Poultrymen Over 31 billion hen eggs are produced in this country each year. Pullets and old hens require plenty of shade when the temperature jumps. The normal temperature of the hen is high about 105, as compared with 983-- in man 5 Poor housing facilities stand out one of the chief reasons for the low winter egg production. as The greater the temperature the smaller the egg. Apparently, heat affects the hen's reproductive tract Ducks are commonly classed among the barnyard inhabitants, but they always have taken a place in the lists of pets. |