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Show CACHE AMERICAN, LOGAN, UTAH Millions of Acres Ruined by Wind Erosion 'QUOTES" of forestry at Syracuse university, but It Is a process that will take many decades to finish. Prof. S. 0, of Heiberg says that 10 per cent National Topic Interpreted GREAT FEATS OF MANY USES FOR MEMORY PUT ON SCARF CROCHET HISTORIC RECORD CLARK By GRANDMOTHER COMMENTS ON CURRENT TOPICS BY NATIONAL CHARACTERS by William Bruckart ffAttona! Prst Bulldlnr WAtthlnfftoo, D. C, HITLER POLICIES 'Washington. It appears that at last all of those questions as to whether the na- NRA Up to tlonal Industrial recovery act Is Supreme Court constitutional are Sugoing to be answeied by the preme court of the United States. That Is, they will be answered by a the Supreme court decision unless moving spirits In NRA decide again to dodge the Issue as they once have done. Sometime ago W. E. Belcher, an Alabama lumberman, ran afoul of a national recovery administration code ruling and he was promptly prosecuted. Lower courts decided howadversely to the government, ever, and the NRA lawyers decided to appeal. They wanted a Supreme court decision. But before the case reached the stage of argument before the highest court In the land, the Department of Justice suddenly withdrew the petition and announced Its refusal to prosecute Mr. Belcher any further. There Immediately was set up a g cry accusing the NRA and the Department of Justice of being afraid of a constitutional test. Legal brains of the Department of Justice tood pat and offered no explanation, but NRA brain trusters let It be known that they preferred to avoid a test at this time because of the Imminent expiration of the Industrial recovery act They pointed ont that the law expires June 10 and that congress Is now engaged In consideration of a revision. The Implication was that the NRA believeda a test in the Belcher case was waste of time and money because of the probability that a Supreme court decision would not be banded down until after the present law was no longer operative. Now, however, the NRA authorities think they have found the right kind of a case for a constitutional test They have announced they will fight to have the act declared In a case In which the Ecbechter Live Poultry market of Brooklyn, N. Y Is accused of violating the poultry code. So Instead Of trying out the constitutional question on boards, the brain trusters are seeking a decision on the ben. The whole situation Is regarded by observers as being much confused and no one seems to know exactly what Is behind the sudden reversal of position on the part of NRA and the Department of Justice lawyers except a good many folks think the NRA could not stand the gaff of countrywide editorial criticism. It Is true that after abandonment of the Belcher case was announced, nearly every Important motropolitaln newspaper In the country printed editorial comment about the action and little of It was favorable to the NRA. Politically, the Department of Justices determination to avoid a test In the Belcher case already Is having repercussions. Barbs and backbiting are coming not alone from Republican antagonists but from among Democrats In congress as well. Senator Hastings, a Delaware Republican, and Senator Clark, a Missouri Democrat, Joined In an effort to have Attorney General Cummings reverse his position and urged upon the head of the Department of Justice the necessity for clarification of legal questions Involved. The administrations position also has drawn fire from Republican Leader Snell In the house and there are In that body also certain of the progressives who have charged that President Roosevelt Is unwilling to face the music In the Belcher case. Economically, the decision to refrain from pressing the Belcher case for final adjudication by the Supreme court has caused a wave of uncertainty to permeate the business structure. What the end Is going to be, even Donald Rlchberg, number one man In NRA, has avoided saying. Since be has not enunciated policies his subordinates are afraid to move. Consequently, according to some of the letters now going out from the NRa to business Interests, the Whole question of codes and their enforcement frankly can be said to bo up In the air. far-flun- e e If the NRA can be said to be np In the air, the agricultural AAA m Trouble nent admlnlstra-- J tion can be said to be a rudderless ship. There Is no longer any doubt that AAA policy Is confused, not to say floundering about In helpless fashion. It has reached the stage where delegations and Individuals are arriving In Increasing numbers to wait on the doorstep of Secretary Wallace and Administrator Davis for advice as to what the program is. It ought to be said Just here that Mr. Wallace and Mr. Davis are showing signs of Irritation and that Js always significant It was only the other day that a group of farm lorganlzatlon leaders came In to Washington to tell Mr. Wallace how the Department of Agriculture must do something to enable farmers In the areas that were drouth stricken to plant crops. They pointed out the necessity for quick action because crops must be planted within the next few weeks. They did not stop there, however, but added points of criticism about AAA policy. This so Irked Mr. Wallace that he announced abruptly that the Interview was closed. The secretary was quoted by members of the delegation as having Inquired whether the Roosevelt administration hnd not done more for farmers than nny previous administration. lie w as reported also to have said he did not like the attitude or the spirit which the visitors displayed In their conversations with him. The result was that farm leaders went away from the vast building housing the Department of Agriculture with a decidedly bad taste In their mouths and the prediction Is heard frequently now that these men will cause much trouble for Mr. Wallace hereafter by telling their stories among the home folks. I think It Is generally conceded that economical and political numskulls may be found In positions of responsibility among farm organizations but after all they serve as something of a leadership for groups that speak for agriculture and when Mr. Wallace becomes angered by their criticism of his serious trouble for him lies not so far ahead. Such circumstances as the one just mentioned usually are accepted as Indicating a thin skin on the part of a public ofilclal and that condition Is nearly always fatal It ruined Herbert Hoover. ' By DR. NICHOLAS MURRAY BUTLER President Columbia University. IN GERMANY, Hitler must shortly choose between two conflicting points of view and of A By WILLIAM UTLEY HIS buffalo grass should never be plow ed. The land will Just dry up and the wind will blow It away, and you with It. Thats what the cattlemen of southern Colorado told the homesteaders 50 years ago. The home steaders plowed the buffalo grass Today the wind has blown away the land and many have been forced to move. nad the farmers of the Great Plains of Kansas, Nebraska, Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas and Nebraska cultivated their lands with a little more foresight In the years gone by, they would not today, perhaps, have been forced to watch the great red and yellow plague of soli erosion blow their farms from the fare of the earth or more literally, blow the face of the earth from their farms, which Is the same thing. During the World war wheat Short prices soared sky high. grass prairies were the only virgin soil which remained for wheat production, and to these plains rushed thousands of farmers with their The harvest was rich In plows. deed, with several seasons of good rainfall. Then came years of drouth. With them was the return to something like normal and loss In wheat prices. What land was not abandoned was farmed only In a Around the halls of congress, haphazard mnnner. also, there Is Increasing criticism Wheat acreage was further deof Mr. Wallace 15 per cent by the admincreased Criticise Is It a of and wheat allotment program Wallace character to un- istrations dermine him If It Production ceased on much of this continues. When such stulwart Dem- land; the remainder got very litocrats as Senator George of Geor- tle attention. Probably this was the land where gia describes a cabinet officer as being unfit for the office he holds, the recent dust storms first began to get body. With this power the situation as regnrds that Individual necessarily becomes precari- of aggravation It was an easy matwinds to colter for the ous. The controversies that are center- lect more and more of their devasing around Secretary Wallace nat- tating burden from the land In westurally are having their reaction on ern Kansas which Is handled by nontheir his legislative proposals. It Is my resident farmers who "hog-lncover method understanding that considerable dif- crop by the of farming which covers large terficulty la faced by the amendments to the adjustment act which the ritories quickly, but so poorly that secretary desires to have passed at the topsoil blows easily, and when this session of congress. These It starts to blow, no one Is there amendments are described by the to stop It. Dust Travels Far. secretary as being designed to strengthen the adjustment act and From this start the storms which, accord the AAA more power In during March, raged at terrific enforcement It seems, however, a heights for from four to twelve certain bloc In congress holds the days, spread through neighboring conviction that there Is already suf- states. Huge cloud palls of white, ficient power In Sir. Wallaces hands yellow and red Mack dut reached reand those members are grow Ing as far as Denver, St. Louis, Clevesentful toward proposals delegating land and even Washington in a more authority to him. weird reversal of the back to the which recent house The soil movement that struck the cleaning resulted In elimination of certain of more unfortunate element of metthe brain trusters in the Depart- ropolitan populations a little while ment of Agriculture and Its step- back. In the stricken Great Flnlns area child, the AAA, had a wholesome effect on relationship between the highway traffic was stopped to prevent accident. Schools and busiDepartment of Agriculture and conness houses shut their doors Health gress as a whole, yet In some quarters It appears, the housecleaning officers warned everyone to stay did not remove all of the stigma at home. If possible. Railway trafhave fic was stilled. with which oppositionists Several children farm and adults died of "dust pneustained the administrations policies. Live stock refused to eat monia. grass and hay even when they could I believe It Is not too much to find It under the drifts of eroded say that conditions In the NRA and soli that were so high In many AAA have added places that one could walk up a Honeymoon i to the general drift to the roof of a tall barn. uncertainty conEven In the cities It was necessary Is Ended to sleep and often work with wet cerning the political and economic outlook of the cloths tied over nose and mouth. In this connection administration. In Chicago and central Illinois It should be mentioned that the Rethe dust united with showers of publicans are showing signs of life. rain and the weather man said to For Instance, Republican Leader the Inhabitants, Heres mud In Snell took a shot at President your eyel They soon found out Roosevelt the other day that Indihe meant It only too literally. cates a forthcoming deluge of critiThe great storm of May 11, 1934, cism of him personally for the first which stretched from Montana to time since he entered the White the Atlantic and hung a 10,000-toHouse. cover of dust over the National The volume of mall being received Capital was something of a calamon Capitol Hill tells Its story as ity. The storm of March, 1935, was well. Members of the house and a major catastrophe. Fertile areas, senate are beginning to Inquire of once garden spots, became, as the each other what their political dust clouds gained momentum, like course should be In view of the barren deserts. Good farmers as type of Inquiries that are now being well as bad were driven from their received. land and their homes, knowing not Through many months, the per- whither to turn. Now the governsonal charm of the President has ment Is beginning to wake to a full seemed to prevent expressions of a realization of the seriousness of critical nature and certainly has the problem of erosion. acres of held off complaints from the busiland have been destroyed In ness section of the country. Certainly those who have money In- the United States by wind and vested were not being told about water soil erosion. Another acres have lost the topsoil, future plans. It seems now, howfor and 100,000,000 additional acres ever, that the honeymoon which Mr. Roosevelt asked has end- are approaching this condition, ed and that henceforth It will be according to the Department of Agriculture. A total of 73 per cent of a battle of realities. The most direct attack upon the all the farm land used for President and upon the New Deal crops Is subject to erosion came from Representative James and damage, which the department estimates at $40,000,000 a year. Wadsworth, a New York Republican. Mr. Wadsworth stressed unCauses Heavy Loss. certainty. In fact, he called It one The 3,000,000,000 tons of soil lost of the three or four major evils every year through erosion would of the administration. 811 a train of freight cars that would Union , Weatam Mawapapar dust-lade- n " cut-an- d Fifty-millio- n clean-tille- Top, Ranch In Colorado Piled High With Dust Below, Left, Dr. Rexford Tugwell, In Charge of Erosion Control. Right, City Folks Also Have Their Battle With Dust encircle the world 37 times at the equator, sajs R. E. Uhland, of the United States soil erosion service. He pointed out that figures of loss do not take Into account the damage done to highways, railways, reservoirs, streams, ditches and harbors. He said that northern Missouris 50 per cent loss of fertile top surface soil represents more than 50 per cent fertility wastage because In the top four or five Inches of the original soil was concentrated a very large part of the readily available plant nutrients. He declared that the soil Is lost as surely as If It were burned In a fire. "Unless Immediate steps are taken and this rapid destruction is stopped by 19S0, said Mr. Uhland, "Missouri will have to produce the major portion of her crops on one fifth of the land now on crops." The Missouri condition Is, of course, typical of the whole stricken area. The work of erosion control, before the latest tragedy, was spread among the Department of Agriculture, the Department of the Interior and the Civilian Conservation corps. To meet the present crisis all erosion control has been placed under the Department of Agriculture with Rexford Guy undersecretary, supervising the work. He will unify the efforts of the Interior department control, the AAA, the forest service, the bureau of chemistry and soils, and the bureau of agricultural engineering. One million dollars was the amount agreed upon for Doctor s crews to begin work, after a visit to Washington of Gov. Alfred M. London of Kansas to plead for funds for the project. The FERA expressed willingness for its workers to be turned over to the job. The work will be extended over the states badly affected. Weapons of War. Chief weapons In the war against wind erosion will he "listing and plowing methods which have woiked out satisfactorily In the Texas demonstration Center of the soil erosion service. Farmers and the states themselves will furnish the fleet of 20,000 tractors necessary for the job. Listing consists of plowing deep furrows across fields at right angles to prevailing winds In ailected areas; this tends to break the force of the vv lnd and cause It to drop dust that It Is carrying. This is Governor Lan dons favored method. Nebraska urges Its farmers to plant soil rotating crops and grasses Texas would plant sorghum, which retains soil and moisture. It Is advisable to use machines which do not pulverize the soil, but develop a cloddy and roughened surface. The soil should be cultivated at the proper time to conserve what moisture It contains. Machinery used should be of the kind that will Incorporate stubble and other plant residues In the surface soil. The Fort Hays (Kan.) agricultural experiment station advises the replanting of all eroded land which was once grazing country with buffalo grass, and has perfected a method for the replanting. In an attempt to learn the true origin of dust storms and try to put an end to them, the federal government has begun a soil erosion project at Huron, S. D. In addition, there are 180,000 acres of land In South Dakota where the service will try to build a barrier to wind erosion and build up the soil by terracing, strip cropn and mols ping, ture cultivation. Projects are also under way In nearly every part of the country to defeat "gully erosion that caused by the washing of storm waters which has destroyed 35,000 000 acres of good farm land. An Interesting step In this direction was a law passed In Wisconsin In late March, which exempts fenced, wood ed slopes from taxation. One Hundred Mile Barrier. Wind removed the topsoil of the Great plains and air, coupled with sunshine, will replace it, if the right vegetation Is planted, accord lng to the New Fork state col'ege Tug-wel- l, soil-erosi- Tug-well- 1au-lmnd- n counter-cultivatio- the topsoil Is decayed plant matter. The other 90 per cent Is actual air and sunshine converted Into loam carbon extracted from tne air by plants In breathing carbon dioxide Into sugars and starches, which re- two sharply differing groups In matters of foreign policy. One group wishes to gain time by temporizing In respect to all mat ters of International negotiation and is very reluctant to return to Geneva at all. This group believes that It Is Germanys Interest to continue as she Is now doing, to strengthen herself as a military power and to keep an eye open to gain new ad vantage should any European trouble develop which might either seriously threaten or lead to war. The other group is ready to make terms on which Germany will return to the League of Nations, after receiving some concessions as to such matters as war guilt, the Internal administration of certain German rivers, and some like matters. This group, oddly enough, Is led by certain Nazi leaders who are very close to Hitler himself. main there. Joining the combat against wind erosion, the forest service will set up a $15,000,000 shelter belt of trees, to stretch from North Dakota to the Texas Panhandle. This forest harrier, 100 miles wide and more than 1,500 miles long, following roughly the line of 18 Inches FREEDOM FOR CUBA By FULGCNCIO BATISTA Cuban Chief of StatT ONE believes in freedom NOmore than I. But our poli- tics was tending toward pure criminality, I have declared all labor federations Illegal. They have rainfall, Is Intended to restore the violated our laws But I have recognized the Inalienable rights of water level, improve living condl the workers. Our decree does not e tlons within the belt, act as a and hold wind blown dust. permit any one to reduce wages or lengthen hours because of the failDuring the next ten years the forest service will plant 3,51X1,000,000 ure of the strike. We must buy back some of our trees in hundreds of narrow strips, each a hundred feet wide and a land. Most of our business Is In the mile apart. Only the trees suitable hands of foreigners. We must give to the climate will be chosen, and Cubans a chance. But we mustnt Injure anybodys there will he gaps In the ranks, We must take It easy, Interest w here the soil is too poor to Justify Slowly, with due consideration. We planting. The The recent dust storms and the must do everything carefully. terrible havoc In their wake are by misguided opposition wishes to do no means peculiar to America, says things too fast the National Geographic society, DIVERSIFIED CROPS The same thing has happened in By F. W. SARGENT Syria, Palestine and North Africa. President C. & N. W. Railway. such that Experts say regions, where the rainfall Is less than 25 country can readily Inches a year, should be left to live 5,000,000 additional stok and not cultivated. acres in the growth and develDarwin reported that In South opment of the soy bean Industry. America, during the seasons of Aside from enrichment of the soil 1827 1830, so much dust was blown that comes from this legume, there are 300 valuable commercial byabout that boundaries were obscured and property rights con- products that can be made from the fused In October, 1028, chocolate bean. Even if the government were dust from Australia stained the snow peaks of New Zealand, 1,500 forced to subsidize farmers to use miles away. In the soring of the land for crops other than food same year, some 13,000 000,000 tons products, that cost would not be of earth from the Ukraine were great, If anything at all. If we supscattered over Europe. plement such a policy by real, worthwhile protection, we could Blame the Sahara, utilize 50,000,000 acres In supplying The Sahara is the source of supour own wants for products now most of for the ply European dust storms Hot sirocco winds carry Imported. the dust over the Mediterranean JUSTICE HOLMES and northward as far as the Baltic. By DAVID 1 WALSH China Is famed for dust storms U S. Senator From Massachusetts. In winter they sweep over the MAN in the nations hisNorth China plain, covenng trees tory served the cause of houses, crops and people with yellow sediment. Dust storms of an justice more devotedly. He was other age built the Loess highlands a veritable soldier all the years of that he between the North China Ills life, always fighting for Justice and truth. plain ami the deserts of centra The ninety three years of honorThis fertile, yellow eaith, Asia. often reaching a depth of 300 feet, able, useful and patriotic life that covers thousands of square miles speak to us today from his death In the northern provinces Crops chamber, In life earned for Oliver Wendell Holmes the affection and may be raised on loess without fertilizing; wind renews the soil as gratitude of the nation; In death the Nile does In Egypt. The fine, his memory should Inspire all who public service, In yellow silt has a tendency to split are called t or In war, to emulate Ills InIn a vertical direction peace furrowing the region with steep cliffs and can- dustry, Independence, Intelligence, yons. The natives often carve cave integrity, and unflinching devotion dwellings in these elifTs, climbing to to his countrys welfare. the roofs of their homes to plow NEED INTERNATIONAL TRADE their fields. snow-fenc- THIS Here Is a very practical scarf that Is easy to make and costs so little. Its made with the large filet stitch. Is very lacy and can be used as a decorative cover on many articles In the home. When using a number 5 steel crochet hook and number 15 cotton, the scarf will measure about 12 by 34 Inches when finished. Buffei set and chair set to match this scarf were shown a few weeks ago. This package. No. 707, contains sufficient cream color Mountain Craft crochet cotton to complete the scarf, also Instructions, black and white diagram for easy counting of meshes Write our and a crochet hook. crochet depaitment Inclosing 40 cents for the complete package, No. 707, or send 10 cents If you want the c"11 si eet with diagram only Address Home Craft Co. Dept. B Nineteenth and St. Louis Avenue, St. Louis, Mo. When writing for any Information Inclose a stamped addressed envelope for reply. Future Airships Airplanes of the future will resemble winged rockets, according to M. Louis Breguet, the French airThe fast complane constructor. mercial planes, he says, will have a heavy wing, loading 20 to 30 pounds per square foot, means for increasing the lilt considerably, air and ground brakes, and powerful and light engines moderately supercharged. There will be a frequent use of altitudes of flights not exceeding 13,000 feet The machine also will have comfortable cabins Flexible Speed Limits heated, and when necessary, supr states no have Twenty-foulonger motor car speed limits, but pre plied with oxygen. scribe a maximum that Is reason Of these twenty Weeks Supply of Postum Free able and proper. four, North Dakota permits the Read the offer made by the Postum highest at 50 miles, and Idaho and Company In another part of this paNew Hampshire the lowest, at 23 per. They will send a full weeks supmiles an hour. ply of health giving Postum free to anyone who writes for It Adv, No Cause for Alarm Love Never Niggardly Patient (nervously) And will the Love grants Id a moment what toll operation be dangerous, doctor? Doctor Dangerous ! You couldnt can hardly achieve In an age. buy a dangerous operation for $10. Goethe. . Bill POWOEH Sams Prise Today as 44 Years Ago 25 ounces for 25e You can also buy Bring quick relief from the itching of pimples, eczema and other skin Then rely upon the regular use ,fjl of this simple treatment to soothe and j? protect your skin. Soap 2Sc. Ointment ISe and SOc. j Sold at all druauts. lljs !' irrita-Don- s. tsmomfMfil re- essential if we do not wish the WNU Ssrvlcs. 10 ounce can for 100 IS ounce can for ISO alb VIGOROUS effort to A build international trade is IN Western Newspaper Union. AP.ll By CORDELL HULL Secretary of State. struggle back toward prosperity to be too long delayed. Despite all difficulties and despite the artful propaganda of selfish In terests. we Intend to continue to strive for an economic among nations that will make the soil blowing. vast riches of the world more readRelief from the terrible drouths accessible to all, remove as far which have helped to make powder ily the causes of envy and as possible seasons Is recent soil In of the aggression, and so take a deterpromised by John B. Klncer, head mined first step In the direction of of the climate and crop weather well being and economic service of the United States wenth-e- r greater universal peace. bureau. Klncer, who does not believe In definite changes In cliBRAIN TRUST INSPIRATION mate, but rather In definite cycles By RAYMOND MOLEY of rainfall variations, holds to the Former Assistant Secretary of State view that the United States has THE last two or three been In the descending curse of a years political life has turned "moisture cycle for the last 25 to academic life with a peryears. An Illuminating sidelight on city sistence and a fairness and a recepfolks appreciation of the rigors of tiveness to new Ideas that I dont the dust storms was revealed to the think ever happened before. Never have I met men In public writer while dining recently In a I comlife who were so Indifferent to their metropolitan restaurant plained to uiy waitress that the own Interests that they wouldn't accept willingly and gladly advice spinach was gritty. "Thank the saints yez are eatln and assistance from academic men she replied In her best Hi- when academic men had the meant It here. bernian brogue "Phwat If yez were of making them understand what they wert talking about eatin It out In Kansas! . A TIME SAVER Prepare biscuit or muffin dough when convenient. Set in cool place and hake hours later if you wish. You save time in using Double Tested Double Action NO To look at them coldly, such dust storms as we have had may be blessings In disguise, according to J. C. Mehler, secretary of the Kansas board of agriculture. They will be, says he, if they lead farmers to adopt diversified farming, turning much of the land back to grazing. They will also prove beneficial In Inaugurating tillage methods which will cut down the loss from Unless there Is something unusudiflicult In memorizing figures quickly, the young Serb of Belgrade who claims to have set up a worlds record by committing to memory in ten minutes a number containing more than eighty figures does not seem to have done anything remarkable. He would at any rate have had a formidable rival In James Mllnes Gaskell, a cousin of Lord Houghton (Monchton Milnes), who once repeated the tellers in every house of commons division for the preceding sixty years and suggested an amusing game which consisted in each plaver giving the name of a parliamentary borough and the persons who had represented it during the same sixty years. Gaskell said that he and his father once played at that game nearly a whole day without stopping. What prodigies of useless knowledge they must have been ! Another remarkable feat of memory Is recorded of a soldier who served In the New Zealand expeditionary force during the war. He claimed that he could remember the name and number of every soldier In his battalion, and his claim was unexpectedly put to a test when the battalion headquarters were blown up and all the records were destroyed. But the soldier, who Is now a professor at Edinburgh university, was as good as his word and supplied the missing details. Montreal Herald. ally THE NEWHOUSE ESOTEL A Distinctive Residence An Abode., .renowned Throughout the West Mrs. J. H. Water, President Salt Lakes Most Hospitable HOTEL 1 |