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Show IIE SPANISH FORK PRESS. SPANISH FORK, UTAH rlow Great Britain. Fidfiis .!? wnflieiir.,Briif. Gen.CharlesfrederickLec a - Vr SiVr HELPED KILL RASPUTIN pel. Stanislas Lnzitvert. who came to rejwirt to President Wll-,- a eti present coiidltiona In Itmodn, one of u Piiriy of six Hint wjll he U fired from the colonel's uutoniohlle the that killed the notorious monk, hu 'o Atfl'Tl'-- jr M .15..:.- .-' The nmihlne was standing lluMiiltt. f $ eup.lde tin residence of Grand Hoke jilHiltri PavlowskL In tlie parly were the colonel, Grand Puke Pavlowakl, an-eth- it gnt Vl fTV ' r grand duke w hose mime he would mention. M. Tuchoioiie, M. purUh-k- V 3 I J, . m h and JUeff- - 7 (aptulu of the Guards Prince was killed because he considered to be employed by nmiiey to lutlucnre the czar mi la bringing about peace between Run-H- i ind Germany, and It was from patriotic motives that he was removed. Colonel Lnzavert Is n Pole, but held a commission In the medical genic of the Russian army. After the kilting of Ilnsputln, the flight of tbi colonel end Ids wife from Russia, wa o hurried that they were obliged to have their baby only four months old, with relative In Russia. Ills wlfs ft dow seeing service as a nurse in France, Tin monk Ger-Bm- D I SM" .l') tit r I , vnv fi' ' 'U-.sl- f iAa r-i-f d: X, V tr . Y PREFERS WIFE TO THRONE 3 TimmGMlJPJASBZOW&JWb&JirJ&A2' ft In answer to pleas that be deseit his bride of humble birth, Crown Prince Charles of Rountnnla replied Unit thrones are so unstable nowadays that he preferred the certainty of ? M air-plnne-a. hav- ing the wife lie wanted to the chance of losing the succession. The escapade of the crown prince In going to Odessa and marrying Lnmhrlng, the daughter of a major In the Roumunluu army, reo;iens the question of the Roumanian dynus-ti- c succession. When King Ferdinand heard of the marriage he ordered that the crown prince be given 73 days solitary confinement for absenting hliq self without leave from his garrison. The king sent an emissary to Bonder, Bessaruhia, where the young couple were qcndlng their honeymoon, with Instructions to try to undo the nuptial knot, but to no avail. The bride refused to part with her wedding ring and the crown prince declined to have her. The present case has a piquant feature In that It recalls that King Ferdinand In his youth had a love affair with Helene Vacaresco, his mothers lady of honor. Should Crown lrlnre Charles renounce bis rights of succession his brother, Nicholas, would become tbe heir apparent Nicholas Is fifteen years eld and pbyslcully weak. Ce-eli- te f f General Charlra Frederick Lea, f?1'?,1 " h Hrltlh Aviation Mission now In Jb" " 'f1 ?' who haa written tha follow-v!L- ,r L1 " rue fensta of tha Hoyal Air b M),a everythin about tha aervlca but i!.rc' "b"ut htniaalf. Ha la a young S" 2n.word to hava attained auoh eminence In hla pro w In Yorkshire on July brrt llig career la exclusively that of tha educated at Kton and tha Koyal Urn?" ,,e Military college at Sandhurst, served In fain-oold regiment, the 60th Rifles, paased tha four years In India, and helped to alraf tha Roche In Franca In I14 and 115. He earned hla army solwlquet. "Fallinit Leaf ee. ny reason of an extraordinary maneuver he evolved In air fighting. Una of hla trlcka waa to fall Ilka a leaf. In a machine fluttering but out of control, apparently realty templing an opponent to close and quarters undoing. Ha Is immensely popular,consequent not only with the general public, but with, hla brother officers in both the British and American armies. IIE allies have been lighting the Ilun for over four years, and thi British empire has sustained casualties, yet, contrary to general opinion, the greatest In the present war Is the airplane. Without the airplane casualties increase by leaps and bounds. With the airplane and supremacy In the air the casualties on our side of the line decrease and the morale Increases, whereas the casualties on the Hun side of the line Increase and the morale decreases with marked Five miles west of Trenton, Grun- village once a flourishing town, but Is now rapidly Here Enoch Herbert passing away. Crowder, now provost marshal general of the United States army, was born April 11,1859. Ills birthplace was a log cabin similar to the two or three till standing In a more or less dilapidated condition Just to the west of the Ills pu rents, John II. and Crowder, were In humble at that time, but they were of strong sturdy stock and they Intituled Into their son those qualities if manhood that have enabled him to rise to one of the most responsible positions In the army of the nation. General Crowders early education as received at an institution nt Edinburgh culled Crand Itiver college, at that time the most prominent educational Institution In north central Missouri. Completing the course at Grand Itiver college, young Crowder rnterej the United States Military academy at West Polut In September, 1S77, baring been appointed to a cadetship In that Institution by IUnry M. Pollard, wngresMimn from Missouri. In his examination for West Point he came out wond, the appointment being won by J. Q. Brown of Harrison county, frown resigned his appointment and Crowder was chosen In his stead. lie uccessfully pussed all the various tests for admission Into the military academy at West Point and continued bis studies there until 1SS1, graduating ith honor and distinction. village. Alary C. ad Thomas Snmhola Jones, appointed envoy extraordinary and minister plenipotentiary of the United States to the Republic of Honduras In July, 1918, was born at Jackson, La., October 5, 1859. ne was educated at Centenary college, holding the degrees of A. B. and A. M. from that Institution, and took bis degree In law at Tulane university, New Orleans, La. Two years after leaving college he became superintendent of public schools at Baton Rouge; entering journullsm a little later, he was editor of the Louisiana State Journal, and also was the founder and editor of the He served as Louisiana Educator. of LouisFoster Governor to secretary staffs of on the colonel iana, and as various successive governors of the state. the In 1004 he was appointed Southern commissioner for the SL 1912 Louis exposition, and from 1902 to From Batcn Rouge. of of the inferior criminal court of the city c Internal om I?12 to 11)15 he was commissioner at large for the Panoma-raclflthe LoulsI-"- a of member a been I Position at San Francisco, and since 1912 has chairman also general assembly. At the time of his appointment he was defense of council state Louisiana H n"iw of the speakers bureau of the director of the Red Cross for the Sixth congressional district of Louisiana. i widely known for his marked ability as an editor, lawyer and public wake?; A t : us life-sav- er dy county, Missouri, stands a (tilled Edinburgh, which was and the early part of 1913 pilots and observers carried rifles, and the pilots, at that time, sat behind. There were no machine guns on Men undoubtedly fought In the nlr, but these semps generally resulted In two mnchlnes maneuvering around cnch other and occasionally shot. Sometimes one machine or getting In the other was forced to land for lack of xnsoline. It was extremely lucky If you could put In a shot that would either disable the pilot or knock out the mneblne. Not until tbe advent of tjie Lewi gun did aerial gunnery really begin to make Itself felt. These handy little weapons were mounted on swlvelptns on each side of the mnchlne and cut down to decrease weight. This, however, though the .beginning, was never satisfactory, and tho stoppages In the mnchlne gun were frequent, irf the middle of 1913, the German avlatik had a single movable gun In the rear cockpit which caused quite a lot of trouble to the allies. This was followed by the French Nleuport mnchlne, which had a Lewis gun mounted over the top plane, and at the same time wd developed a ring mounting In the observers cockpit. It thus becume a race not only In machines but ntso In gunnery ns to who could bring tho most effective fire to bear on the adversary. In the autumn of 1913 experiments were made with Ihe Vickers gun firing through the propeller. The bludes were protected by steel plates called reflectors, which were so placed thnt when a bullet struck the blade It glanced off. No form of synchronizer gear had been evolved, but It was the beginning of a which Is now universal. Late In 1915 tbe Fokker made Its appearance. This machine had not a great speed, hut It did hnve a synchronizing gear, 1. e., a gear which enabled the machine gun to fire through the blades of the propeller without hitting tho blades and without any loss of efficiency. It had quite a success for a time until the French got out the Spnd gear and the British the Vickers gear. The latter was used by us quite extensively over the lines, but owing to the difficulty of training mechanics In Its use and the small amount that was known of it In those days. It left quite a lot to be desired. This was followed by the Constantlnesco gear, which proved very satisfactory. Here, .then, was a definite progress In aerial gunnery, and today we have on every mnchlne two or three or four machine guns, two firing through the propeller and two being used by the observer behind. In the case of a' If you consider the amount of rounds which can be fired oil the enemy from a machine, you will understand whnt.a menace It Is. Yon can fire CUO rounds per minute from each gun; hence the pilot can fire 1,200 rounds per minute, and the observer can reach the same figure with rapidity. There Is no doubt whatever that on the western front we have a definite, almost an overwhelming, It Is this superiority In superiority In the air. the air which enables us to bomb Germany and bring the war home to her, and makes It possible fob an offensive to succeed. No offensive becan hope for success without tween all arms and the most Implicit trust In the uvlntlon service by leaders and men alike. Machines hnve been developed along definite lines for definite purposes. , In the olden days any machine was used for uny duty. In those days it was only necessary for a pilot to fly a machine and have an elementary knowledge of other matters. Nowadays anyone oau be taught to fly that Is the easiest part of the training. The A pilot difficult part comes with specialization. has to he taught to fly and fight In small single-seatscouts, lie has to he taught, on' highly specialized lines, the art of bombing, and last, he with other arms. has to be taught This lust duty Is one of the most difficult to teach and perhaps the most Important of all. by the artillery and the airplane In 1914 was not efficient. Wireless was considered a sort of black art. It was uot until 1915 that the matter was really developed aud evolved. Its strides became rapid. Machines and Instruments was were Improved, and wireless thoroughly organized. Wireless Is such a science In Itself that It Is useless to go Into Its technical details. But today there are hundreds of machines equipped with wireless and dally with the artillery, Infantry and cnvalry. Onr work with Infantry, cavalry and tanks Is A system of also of the greatest Importance. signals is devised as between the Infantry and the airplane, and the airplane files extremely low to get these messages, flies back and gives the commander accurate Information not only as to where the Infantry Is, but also as to what they may be In need of. As I began by saying, flying Is designed to snve life. Take, for Instance, a mnchlne which files at a height ranging between 50 feet and 400 feet, and searches for Information which Is Invaluable to the commander of the sector In which an attack Is going to take place. It Is up to the pilot of an airplane to discover If the batteries are active or, If they are only camouflaged If he can transmit the facts to the artillery commander, In the one cn.se he can have (he battery destroyed nnd'prevented from shelling our troops, and in the case of a camouflaged log he enn save the battery commander the trouble of firing at It. On the same lines it Is the duty of the pilot to see where the trench mortars are In order that they may be knocked out before the attack begins, as well as the mnchlne gun emplacements which cause such havoc to an attack If they hnve not been previously dealt with. Last, hut not least, it Is essential to know If the wire in front of the German trenches has er make-believ- e. xtA m ty. QKf afzft zones zRartJPJ& been cut efficiently. It It has not. It arrjwfjfzrcf'j If It has been, all Is well. for the artillery to Rain strafe It, In order that an Infantry regiment may not start an attack only to find Itself held up on German barbed wire. The saving of life by an efficient air force Is absolutely colossal. The airplane must descend from the realm of mystery It has occupied In the public mind and' assume Its practical form. It should be looked on as a machine designed to carry a roan through the air for a definite purpose, and that purpose Is to help those on the ground to go forward. We have to rid ourselves of mistaken notions. The life of a pilot Is really far more comfortable than Is possible for hs comrades In the Infantry, cavalry or artillery. The infantry when In the trenches are shelled continually and often heavily. They have to sleep In dugouts, some wet and some dry. They are at war the whole time except, of course, when they are back at rest Is necessary -- But the pilot, though his period of fighting may continue for .weeks and months at a time, has a definite Job to do each day. He knows when that Job Is' over he will return to a clean house, a clean meal and a clean lied. Ills morale Is excellent. lie Is flying the best machine the government can supply. lie does not see the dirty side of the war. lie does not find In the air the gas and the filth of the ground. It Is not to be wondered nt that he Is proud to be In the nlr division. A certain type of person writes on the dangers of fljing and the way ho prevented himself from of the untold stories being killed, yet In the trenches would mnke the air pilots story souud very small. Yet the alrmun Is It would not help much If America scut ten millions of men to France If there was not an efficient air sen lee back of them. Fortunately, things are going well. The United States has pilots of the right kind, and the material Is now going oversens In the right way. I have been fortunate enough to see a good deal of American flying men, of the training which Is going on in this country and of a certain number of American cadets In England. Personally, I have nothing but praise for American flyers, and those at home have nothing but praise for the cadets there. And how Important a 'thorough training 1st However well a pilot may fly, however good his machine may be, unless he can kill his opponent In the air, he Is, to all Intents and purposes, useless. To do that he must have a gun, use a preponderance of fire( butmaneuver his enemy and bring him down. There are several means and ways of achieving this excellent result. Some Germuns have been forced to land without having been fired on; others hnve been fire in the air, and brought down by machine-gua few by antiaircraft fire from the ground. Again, a very small number have been shot down by Infantry gunfire from trenches. The more Germans brought down, the less sacrifices of life we have on our side of the lines. Say a German airplane has come over our side of the lines ; say he has taken photographs of our artillery position; sny he has photographed trenches where we are assembling to attnek it Is perfectly easy for him, If not interfered with, to take these hack, have them develop'd and Issued to the artillery, ne can also call up batteries by wireless and have them train their guns on the Infantry so assembled. Hence, It Is absolutely necessary that every hostile mnchlne on our side of the lines, every enemy machine In he air at all, shall be brought down whenever and wherever possible. Only by this rueuns can we save our own men on the ground. With the airman came the In 1914 one-tent- h n r. sys-te- two-seate- pi r, his wo guns. Machines, of course, are specialized. There are single-seatmnchlnes, which depend entirely on their power of maneuver and gunfire. There aro fighters, where the pilot and the observer hnve to work together the whole ttme. There are machines designed for with artillery which carry an observer and wireless. There are large machines for day bombing and still larger machines designed for night bombing. Owing to tho pace at which machines maneuver the sighting of machine guns becomes a very important factor. To hit an object In a vital spot, going 120 miles an hour, when your own machine is traveling at the same pace, requires a vast amount of training for pilots and observers, who practice gunnery continuously from the time they go on the ground school until they go overseas. An extremely Interesting form of flying has been perfected recently cloud formation flying. In the olden days, and until most recently, pilots hnve been chary about going Into clouds except as a moans of defense. Actual cloud flying has been regarded with a certain amount of skepticism. But cloud flying today Is a necessity. Every day Is not a fine day, and cloud flying has become tho fashion. It Is now possible for machines to go in formation through the clouds ami meet above them and continue that formutlon on a compass bearing to their objective, come down through the clouds, bomb their objective, go up again and come home. That sounds simple, but It Is simple only If pilots are properly trained for It, and hnve the right Instruments.- - , e nlr raids Into Germany are now quite common. An Independent force of the R. A. F. has been formed for this purpose alone. It Is Independent of the army and carries out bomb raids only from Its headquarters In France. I would like to write something about aerial photography, that most useful adjunct of the work of the general staff, but considerations of space forbid. I hnve endeavored to show the vital Importance of the air force, both offensive and' defensive. My message can be summarized In very few words. Send over your Liberty engines in thousands. Send over your bright young American flyers In tens of thousands, and the end of both tbe war and the Ilun will be in sight er two-seat- Long-distanc- . |