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Show 3 Warship -o- T-Qmmtm BQPLE--Y- Robert If. Moulton si n the water ofthe model HAVING FUN WITH SMITH periment .basin at, the Washington ch new : During a recent Illness of Senator Gore it was necessary for Senator Smith of South Carolina, as the next ranking member of the committee oi agriculture, to hutidle the appropriation bill for the department of agricul- navy yard' vessel of Uncle wfs fleets is tested fore construction by cans oftoy reproduction tdiiSI taken a patriotic pride In tne speed performances of American fighting ships, and if you have followed these Rhowlngs closely you have no doubt been Impressed with the steady advance mnde. Euch year nuval vessels have shown consistent improve-l- n speed, seaworthiness and engineering econ-hhave you ever paused to ask how these s are primarily made possible? This Is the fruit of the model experimental basin, . f OU HAVE Mort age. 1111 r ST- V' 4 AH I f ! J ut model tank, as it it it 7m 7vmr& cArjvAGgjrrpiarfaifitfmA. 5a nerally called for tys sake, is the in which models of prospec-lilp- s are made and on a reduced scale, was congress to appropriate for the plant nt III. prim ihatk is flow i tiing. n thld designed ap upontk e ca !. Bt hen D nt aa up, )b you be wledT, ills vok "I I! sp onlng ta the d one vl: i nutted Vantot abonta stutf a( irrowei hat. Ti I cres itlOL a breed looks If jot about; fflceri you u K) , then youre entloot I rse. 1!: ist iln: IDup Hied ourbtf ex-itu- re 5btm two B (1 iu abos 1,1 were ohtuined. of the models tested at Washington are of a length of 20 feet, and the purpose of mak-theso large is to reduce the possible error in dating the performance figures of the model those of the vessel. .These models tuade of wood and are fashioned in a machine lully designed for this work. var-e?xt the model is painted and carefully in order to obtain a very smooth surface; with this done various waterlines are marked the white pnlnt, so that Instantaneous photo-'h- a taken during the towing tests will show Just and where the waves and the hollows pro d by the mlnlnture in motion are developed, ben the model is ready it is carried to the n and there loaded In the balancing tank with of shot until it has the right weight or and proper trim or poise upon the wa With this done it is ready to be attached to f o I Tin tbof onttK m full-size- lereP r bit W ny learn ear. i 4 A :itnt Dial' i d d, u r1 the' dls-we- nt red ive & towing carriage and tested. e to a Ing carriage is a sort tor1 ' ie.Il ugb t Dopof Ice, a Mi' tral , of a mobile bridge h straddles the mnln tank and It is driven by tricity, the different speeds being under very control. Upon the towing carrluge are all of operative switches and measuring Instruments lie nlso the recording mechanism which murks sPecd of the model and its pull or resistance II drawn through the water. The- nltn is to - lln n aeyj ynf, aalo Cap, ship form which will show the least pull slstnnre at the desired maximum velocity. The ml speed of the model Is a mathematical ratio be relation between this mlnlnture and the full-- d ship, and therefore the model does not travel I you consider wlint the big cruft will reully in. ' wj a re er" towing bnsin Is 370 feet long nnd 43 feet ami the maximum .speed of tho earring 1 lively far In excess of tho prolmblo speeds of iliiiig but freuk crafts, r model of satisfactory form has been tested then comes the further tusk HXIng tho figures of the trials applicable to intended shin. w there Is which just one part of this work Frondes law of comparison. This of the friction set up between the 0 'loped and ikisv f mrtrmrr' "IliuM " A tor r. Mil-o- ffontte I ci u.j. jtoi&tg t&3nzr& perform-o- f man-of-wa- another example of the old rule of thumb supplanted by the certainties of science, nut going too far into the history of things, sufficient to know that an Englishman, Dr. inn Froude, discovered back in the seventies there was a comparable relation between the r required to draw a small model through the r and the motive energy needed to propel a raft of Blmllar form. The principle which he vered later became known as Froudes law or iw of comparison. Ills studies were first made miniatures and then verified by the towing of ge vessel formed on identical lines, thin the last twenty years there have been cd and developed many vessels of novel types the results obtained would have been virtually sf the question .but for the model tank. f dollars would have been wasted in blind Ing instead of obtaining positive assurance of the finished vessel would do before a single was spent In her building, e illustration will suffice. Among the vessels ie naval review is the gunboat Nashville, de d In 1894. She had a displacement of about tons and, with 2,500 horse power, makes 10 . Last year the model tank developed the form for the gunboat Sacramento, a vessel tons more displacement, but of a speed of riots upon a development of only 2,000 horse r. This saving of 500 horse power, calculated 0 a horse power, meant an economy in first of machinery of $30,000; but it also meant the larger gunboat could be driven at a speed 1 to her smaller sister ship. , n 300 tons the bigger Sacramento could carry re powerful armament, go farther upon the supply of. fuel and be more wentherly In ny sens ; in brief, be a much better unit of the And a of this was made certain by the of a few hundred dollars for wooden Is and their testing, the lines of the hull being during these tests until the best length and you -- ships are posal. The speed trials of the not less Important to him because they give him a check upon his model work. This check is very necessary Inasmuch as it enables the designer to bridge over the gap between his model and the real vessel year by year with more exactness. The bulkier of the hull structure, the naval architect or naval constructor, has only a share In the final product. The naval engineer must take up the problem where his brother ends. That is to say, the engineer knows just what energy his propellers must exert effectively against the water In order to force the ship along at her several speeds. He, too, must work from the outside of the ship Inward up to a point. The position of the propeller In relation to the hull and the very form of the propeller must be suited to the particular craft In question. These can be tried In miniature in association with the model for the determination of some data, but after that the engineer draw upon experience and his carefully tabulated records of other performances. The average annual expenditures for the maintenance of the model basin at Washington are under $25,000, and this is a trifling sum compared with the savings which have been effected through careful designing. In the case of the three scout cruisers, Birmingham, Chester and Salem by merely lengthening their hulls It was found possible to save in those three ships a combined total of 17,000 horse power over that required for the original design. Figured at $60 a horse power, this represented an economy of machinery cost amounting to $1.0.'0,000. f The model experimental basin Is no longer looked upon as an Investment of doubtful value; every first-clas- s naval power bas one of these establish ments, and like that at Washington most of them lend their aid to the merchant marine as well. Such Is the development of private experiments which Dr. William Froude began, so to speak. In his own backyard. All of the successful ships of today are indebted to his pioneer work. fu!1-slze- d , Is ipr ' the 333 :r; an inter and important tment of the navy at Washington, the sItion was looked an 8S involving Since isive toy. however, the work there preliminary, e building of war-ha-s represented a g of many hun- i of thousands of rs, besides Insuring off , rr-- water and the wetted surface of the vessels This resistance follows a law of Its own and it Is necessary to tow another model which consists of a thin plate Just as long as the small craft and with a submerged surface exactly equal to that of the model. From these two tests, that of the plane and that of the model, the designer has the information he wants and this Information covers various trials over a wide range of speeds, s that the naval architect knows both the maximum and the cruising speeds at which the vessel can be propelled most economically.. The cruising speed is an important one, because It is at this ratio of travel that ships of war go most of the time. Full speed is really a battle reserve or something to be called for only when urgency demands. In this particular, fighting ships differ radically from the f ocean greyhound of commerce. But dont think that the naval designer has an easy task even with the model tank at his dls- -' Wrecks Pay Interest on Railroad Debt i i "Wheel Some wreck I Say, pop, how did the camera mon hnppen to be there when the train ' Jumped the track? When fathers boy asked 'that at the picture To be sure he did. How show dad stalled. father be expected to ancould a swer the whys and wherefores of the movie business? Didnt he furnish the nickel? And wasn't the wreck good enough? Ennyhow," suld ma, the picture man Is always there." Nix! I saw n coni truck hit a garbage wagon tother day," said boy,, an there want no camera man around. Tench of a picture, too." But the picture mun" gets the wrecks, all right ; he buys em. Head-onBendy-mad- e wrecks, genlemenl First mountain to and rear-end- s the left step lively !" - And so guther round the printer man while he like Snapspins a yarn as to how the camera man, shot Bill. Is always hard by when the train Is : wrecked, Under the heading of "Wrecks and Automobile Smash-Ups- " the Income account of the Wharton and Northern Rnllrond shows that the company adds about $30,000 to Its yearly earnings. This sum is more than equal to the Interest on the road's outstanding'bonded Indebtedness. While other rallronds In the country look upon a wreck or smash-u- p of any kind as a direct cause of flnnnclnl loss, to say nothing of the expense of endless Htlgutlon and the loss of patronage, the Wharton and Northern makes an entry on the credit side of the ledger every time It sends an automobile or a train of engine crashing Into an hillside. the down cars tumbling The road extends from Wharton to Green Tolnt Junction. In Morris county, New Jersey, a distance tulles. It forms a link beof about twenty-twlines. It trar-ersLackawanna and Erio the tween of New Jersey, state of the section a rugged us the Copperas mounknown Is what through tains n continuation of the Appnluchlnn range. veined with The iillls are grand mnssesof granite, on mncnctic Iron Is Inter-estln- g Historically, this section of the country used Iron of the much thnt was there for It Zm e firearms nnd munitions during the Warif Revolution was smelted and forged. FlowShares and other Implements employed In pence- hard-workin- g s, track-jumpin- to-w- it o es gan to figure out how the income of the road could be increased. About the same time the directors of a film company were looking around to find a rnllrond that would be willing to stage wrecks" and other thrills which, necessitated the smashing up of engines, cars, automobiles and other property. Mr. Stryker told the directors of the film com puny that he could supply their wants. He explained that his road was Ideally situated to stage such horrors, as thete were plenty of curves in the roadbed and enough high embankments and steep inouutaln sides to furnish the proper scenic background. Likewise, he could readily furnish the cars and engines and, what was equally necessary, the englue drivers and trainmen with the intelligence and technical skill to handle just such work. Mr. Stryker received a commission to stage a wreck, and ever since the Wharton and Northern road has engaged in the peculiar business of proto order. ducing wrecks and smash-up- s The staging of a collision or accident is a big undertaking, and It requires some time to arrange all the details. The director of the film company first goes over the road until he finds the point which the background, scenery and other physical features conform to his idea of the proper setting of the scenario. This may call for a high embankment or a trestle, or it may be necessary to have a river below, so when the cars Jump the track they will pile, up on end In the streum, nr it may In which the cars roll down an be that a smash-u- p embankment and catch fire Is wonted. After the director of the film compnny decides he wants and where he what kind of a smash-uwonts it to take place, Mr. Stryker sets about to procure the engine, cars and other accessories. On one occasion the director of one film company desired to picture a forest fire In a section of the country traversed by a railroad, in order to show a rescue scene In which people residing in the burning area woubj be suved by the quick action and heroism of a train crew. Along the Vight of way of the Wlmrton and Northern was a strip of country about half n mile in .length and extending back about a quarter of a mile from each side of the track. It was covered by a considerable growth of underbrush, scrub trees and other inflnmmnble material which for a long time had been a menace not only to property belonging to the rnllrond but to the surrounding timber lands and, dwellings. After the property owners had nnd a fire pntrol to guard .given against a spread of the fire had been established, the film compnny pluced Its cameras and got the desired picture of a train rushing through a forest fire, maklngthe rescues. New York Herald. S , Mr. Jones asked how long it luur , been since special appropriations bad been made for the study of corn Improvement nnd corn production. Mr. Smith could not answer the question, but cluimed to know thnt the Investigation Is still In process of development. Smith explained Just sow that the experimentation of the department In corn culture has discovered the very pecullur fuct that In the case of corn breud, say, In the senators state and corn bread In a place some distance away, If the seed Is Interchanged It will not breed back to type ; so that they have bred these varieties In the different environments In order to1 . , get the variety bast adapted to each. Jones wanted to know is that the reason why we cannot get any goof corn bread any more. Smith answered that the reason we do not get any good corn bread any? more Is because they really are not housing the corn before It Is put on the market Jones thought If we hnd good corn we could get good corn bread whea you find someone who knows how to make It Smith promised if the senator will visit ms some time, I will give hlnK good pone corn bread. J WEBBS EARLY DAYS When Edward Yates Webb - of North Carolina, chairman of the house Judiciary committee, Jmd made his way through college and law school he found himself, at the age of twenty-on- e, some $600 in debt . Seeing that he was In debt and without clients, Webb at once went about getting himself engaged to be married. There was a pretty girl, the daughter of a professor at the little college he had attended, who had been willing to listen attentively when Webt talked about himself and his ambitions, and so, of course, there' was nothing to it The girls mother asked Webb how he proposed to support a wife inasmuch as he was a clientless attorney. Oh, days he, bravely thumping his chest, Ill go out and hoe corn if necessary. That seemed to cheer up the mother a good deal and she consented to the engagement. The young folks were to be married thnt fall, and during the summer Webb got a first-rat- e start as a lawyer. Ills first case netted him a fee of a gold piece and he gave It to his mother. She kept It for a number of years and then gave It back to Webb, and he bas It yet ' A few days before they were to be married, Webbs fiancee attended a golden wedding celebration and the Ice cream gave her a serious case of' ptomaln poisoning. Webb married her on whuf, It was then feared, was; her death bed. She recovered, but her narrow escape Is probably one reason why Webb has always tuken a great Interest in pure-foo- d legislation - flve-doll- . REAR ADMIRAL SIMS V i Bear Admiral William S. Sims, U. S. N slated to succeed Rear Admiral Knight as head of the naval war college at Newport, has a knack of always being where things are happening, usually things Intensely dis- tressing to a bureaucratic administration. Ills career. In this regard, started while on the China station. Tnklng his duties very seriously, obsessed with the Idea that jthere was something radically wrong: with gunnery In the navy. He took the matter up with his superiors and was snubbed, with the department and was Ignored. Finally he wrote directly to Theodore Roosevelt, who wus then In the White House, The coloneB cabled for him to come home and hestarted at once, not knowing whether he was to he commended or cashiered for stepping over hia superiors-heads- . e - The colonel mnde him- his naval aide, the most powerful helper in many years, and, stimulated by the presidents support, he Inaugurated a system of target practice reforms which, made creditable naval gunners. - PORTIA OF THE PINES p their-permissi- . , which now owns Steel compnny o own.r iho tie . nc some five tM.saml rnllronti. Northern and Wharton When ,ho. nd niHlmnpod w. year irintendent, Mr. T. K Stryker, the general . ture. The Republican senators especially Jones of Washington and Smoot of Utah had a good deal of fun In a dignified way out of Smith, because even an uninformed senator could see that he didnt know a blessed thing1 about the bill he was trying to man- A Baltimore man has acted ns best mnn nt th weddings of forty of his friends nnd yet cm. u pc' ointrimouy himself. Tortla of the Tines Is what they are culling Dr. Annette Abbott Adams, assistant United States attorney for tho California district, who gained fame recently by securing the conviction of Consul General Bnpp and two other Germans for conspiracy to violate the neutrality of the United States. , Doctor Adams was born In Ilntt vllie, Ilurans county, Cal. She learned her three Rs In a mnuntuln school which was ten miles from her folks In the winter she hud to place. travel to and from the school on snow-shoInescorted by the half-breedian letter carrier. She attended the atnte university at Berkeley, nnd from It received her degree of doctor of Jurisprudence. With another womnn attorney, also a graduate of the University of California, Doctor Adams opened nn ofilco In Onklund, They got some cuse ot first because of the novelty of It, but soon they began to get practice tL y won ruses. Her latest achievement 1ms proved her a Im tit-- . es d be-wi- se |