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Show 4 1 THl! EPANT3II FORK PRESS. SPANISH FORK. UTAH. KJC4Z2 OTyrruvt CJiZ&ftnMrrrxn 0US cv i .ftfu&nd J ..Jrk 3 o wFvv i "lir I p-f'A.MK-KI a J, V. rel - v 'K v . .A 4 y J,r C k ,, : . 54 r i waa.. M.Ai r v THE HAHARAJA3 rH L 1,4. , r - VsSv v that bas happened In many years bas been NOTHING to Bureaus and affection of ths people of ths great for their whits sowslgn than tbs recent conclusion of ths new Intreaty between tlis government of dia and ths maharaja of Mysors, writes a correspondent of ths lamdun Graphic, , For lbs convention, by greatly raising ths status of an Indian prince who rules over a territory mors than tbres times ths sixs of Wales, effectively demonstrates that ths notion that tbs British wish to rids roughshod over ths rights of Indians a notion which has spread over Hindustan In ths last lea years, and has given rles to "unrest" and terrorism Is not justified. . K iV wv. . . 'V"XSwf .? IVIMZATION Iim Ha yet mad Utile proyrete In Frrela. WetAern mod-pro In macul- Inventions agricultural chinery and scientific methods of tivating hava passed over thla country without leaving any Impression on th farmers. The land la tilled In much th aama way aa In the days of Noah! The simplest and most primitive tools and Implements are at) Ur employe to break up and prepare the soil. The plow, drawn The , by a pair of lebus. Is a very crude affair. hare,' made of soft Iron Imported from Sweden. Is attached to rough wooden bars made by the village carpenter, and the plow Is fastened to the heavy yoke by a chain. The soil la merely scratched on the surface, for the depth to which the share penetrates depends entirely on the physical exertion of the driver, who Is often merely a youth. Aa soon as the rainy season seta In. generally somewhere about November, Held work begins. Only two kinds of grain are grown la Fare, wheat for bread and barley for the food of the horses, donkeys and mules, though cow It Is also often used for baking purposes by the poorer classes. When the seed has been sown, a plank, live feet long by one and a half feet broad, pressed down by the weight of the driver, who stands on it. la driven over the ground to level It and to cover the seed so that It shall not be washed out when the fields are flooded by artificial Irrigation. If the rains are good and plentiful, the young green blades soon show above ground; but If the nourishing element falls, artificial Irrigation must be resorted to. and the few springs which exist In the Hhiras valley become worth a good deal of money. .Water Is scarce In southern Persia, and has to be bought by most farmers throughout a dry season. On specified days In the week each field owner gets his supply for certain hours. The fields are then flooded, and to retain the water aa much as possible each division la crossed by numbers of dams, two feet high, which confine the water, and In thla way the earth Is thoroughly soaked. Where running water Is not obtainable, wells and underground channels are dug. From CO or 100 the wells, some of which are as much as feet deep, the water Is drawn by horses or other animals.' A rope attached to the harness runs over a wooden wheel on a gentry above the well mouth. The "bucket" consists of the skin of a neck of which sheep or other quadruped, from the the ground, with level basin a flows Into water ihe ihT then through narrow channels to the growing snd the squeaking mips. These wells can be seen noise' of the wooden wheels heard throughout the land. The canals very often many miles long, ere covered aqueducts, through which the water vilis led from the mountains to the plains and these, In digging thrown up soil The lages. of the shafts, passages form mounds at the mouths which are' sunk at Intervals of 25 or 30 yards. The trade, and digging of these canals la a special Jealthe secret of their construction Is guarded this la their living earn who men ously by the manner. i ' starts The crops begin to ripen and harvesting as ler earl but towards July In the Shiraz valley, sickle Is the , The simple south. further one goes used all over the vast only reaping Implement Is reaped It Is not tied the crop When country. Vhen stacked up U merely into sheaves, but threshing time arrives, the Issimplest eomblned thwber appears on the scene. It broad wooden runtwo Between and In which ners there Is a pair of wooden rollers. The fixed are blades knife short, wide, blunt wooden four of consists upper part d tor which a Hoard is mounted as a seat Btraw. the over machine A pair of rebus drag this s cut or " on the ground, flat Is which spread cAistantly stating rather, broken, up by the of the runncrs BeDa. the while pressure knives, of rates the grain from the husks. The weight It pressure. the driver supplies the necessary a stack, and takes eight or ten days to thresh outWow,n wind If the when thla Is 'finished, a very stm !y. the winnowing can begin. Again U all that fork. wooden a pie instrument, merely which is used by the peasants. The tnonsoon over 'and September blows In August in this Persia, plays an Important partweather Prcedlng' aide of the , the on start The winnowers the air into straw the threshed stack, tossing chaff With their forks, the breeze blows the light in a collects It where several yards to leeward, of the feet the at falls heap, while the heavy grain manner the workers, and In this is effected chaff the separation of the grain from are vety The remaining operations of harvesting in special large. baled up is simple. The Chaff to the vilmade nets, and brought on donkeys on the backs In bags follows lages, while the grain are now people of camels or donkeys.. The poor dust allowed to glean over the fields, sifting the left. as are chaff rnd and gathering such Before the grain goes to the mill It is cleaned once more In a stone mortar with heavy wooden ' chaff-cutte- r. rough-and-read- in (hero officials and supported snd a& vised by ths Hr Well resident, baS -- o pestles, to get rid of the remaining husks. The Jertlan wheat bread Is told In big, flat. pancake-Ilk- e pieces called angak (from sang, the stone), from the fact that It la baked In an oven with a floor of heated pebbles. As It Is eo thin. It Is baked through' Into crust, snd tastes best while still hot As the poorer classes sit over the south of , Persia live on nothing else but bread, the harrest means everything to them, and the Price of wheat Is a very serious matter. Bread riots break out If prices reach the famine point snd are a source of ynuch trouble to the authorities. Many a governor has had to face them, snd therefore It Is the elm of every ruler In Fare as A rt2RJX22t2tyJX&2U?CSr? soon as he enters the gates of Its capital to fix low price for the bread, which means that all tha bis side poorer classes praise him and stand-b- y while the big landowners grumble and Intrigue against him to get him removed to some other district . . , Old-Fashion- , Agricultural Implements ed Times have changed In agriculture, as In many other things, and at the present day we can hardly realize the difficulties that beset the farmer upwards of a century ago. Early spring was often a trying time for him, when his supplies of cattle food were apt to become exhausted before the .new grass appeared. There were then no soy beans or similar turnips, mangolds, foods to be procured and , he ' had sometimes great difficulty in keeping his cattle from starvation, especially In the late districts. It Is difficult to believe, but It Is nevertheless true, that In parts of Scotland the ciAtle were at times so weak in spring from want of food that they were unable to rise from their stalls when the new grass did come. The custom therefore arose for farmers In a neighborhood to meet together and go front farm to farm for the purpose of carrying the helplpss cattle out to the fields. This was termed the cattle lifting, a much more humane method of "cattle lifting than that which used to prevail on the borders. la the wilder p&rts of Scotland, where gorse or furze waB plentiful, the young shoots were often used In spring as s supplementary food for both cattle and horses. The shoots were cut down and then removed to the farm to be there crushed Into a rough pulp which could be eaten by the cattle. It was eagerly devoured by them, and they throve upon It Cows gave richer milk when they were supplied with crushed gorse, and the milk was free from unpleasant flavor, such as other green winter foods sometimes Induce. Horses, too, relished the food. Great faith was placed in the nutritive value of whin shoots. Indeed, so popular did ,wUn diet become, that fields, especially where the soil was dry and light, were set aside for the whin crop, the seeds being sown In drills la March, so that the shoots became readv for use In the autumn of the following year. For several years in succession ' forage was obtained from the original, oil-cak- crop. ' , There were several methods employed for pulp- ing the gorse. In small farms, where only a limited quantity was reeded, the method usually adopted was to lay the young shoots on a flat stone or block of wood and hammer them with a mallet similar to that now used for driving in paling posts. Sometimes one end of the ipallet was fitted with iron bladeB for chopping the gorse, while the other end was flat for pounding It:. Otherwise a rammer or "bruiser might be employed, an Instrument consisting of a shank of wood, three feet eight Inches In length, a bulged out part to gjve the Instrument weight on being used, 'and a base which Is contracted Into a square, and shpd with an Iron shoe embracing parallel iron cutters one Inch asunder and three inches deep, and sharpened at their lower edge. , Mrs. Snobbs t wintered at Palm Beach this season and expect to summer at Mt. Savage. Mrs. Hobbs I sprlnged at Pratt City and to autumn at Bessemer. , , HOW STUPID. Yes, observed a young medical graduate, all the communications that I receive have Dr. on them, but the sender will put the Dr, after my name Instead of before It striven to tnrra ths prosperity of ths 6.uO,0OO peopls who owe allegiance to blm Industriss Dserispsd. As tha result of these efforts, uninterrupted pears has prevailed in Mysore during the last generation; ths people have been equitably taxed; tbulr health has been well looked after, sad their children bate been given ample opportunity for education ol all kinds Mysore has employed measures to foster agronomy, develop Industries, arts snd crafts, and encourage mining. Falls havs been harnessed to yield electricity to work mines snd factories, and light the chief cities. Marbinery of the newest type has been Imported, and special efforts bsve been made to Induce the conservative Mysoreans to utilize It on ths farms snd In ths It is note workshops and mills, worthy that Mysore hold the record for deep mining In the tropics. It Is necessary to add that ths conservation of artistic traditions, of which Mysore has Inherited an Invaluable treasure, hae received consldersblt attention. With the spread of education Mysore hae developed representative Institutions of a sort The represent Uve assembly, as It Is called, la, s yet, of an advisory character, though It has been given the privilege of Interpellating the executive, and thereby Is able to exert some pressure upon A legislative council, officialdom. consisting of official and members, was constituted seven years ago. Municipalities have been organized. some of them on the elective principle. But, in spite of these bodies, the maharaja remains the ultimate authority In the state. single-heartedl- Old Restrictions Removed. To grasp ths full significance of this change It Is necessary to strip tbs new treaty of all Its technicalities, and note just how It has bettered tbs position of the maharaja of Mysore-Tbegin with, ths document perpetuates the title of his highness's dynasty to rule .over the state, &7&fG7ZfGirr27!?(2Lnrt' PALACE whereas hitherto ths ruling prince or his successors could hold possession of snd administer ths principality only so long as they fulfilled ths conditions prescribed by tbs suzerain power. In tbs second place, the old restrictions have been removed which obliged ths maharaja of Mysors to conform strictly, at all times, to tbs advice offered him by ths government of India In regard to "ths management of bis finances, ths settlement and collection or his revenues, the Imposition of taxes, tbs administration of justice, the .extension of commerce, ths encourageiqsut of. trade, agriculture and Industry" and, la fact, in any matter concerning the advancement of hla own Interests, ths welfare of his subjects, or his relations with ths British governmenL Under ths terms of the new treaty ths maharaja governs Mysors on the same basis as that on which ths other premier princes of India administer their states. Tbs British disclaim all Intention to Interfere with his highness In the Internal administration of his state, although discretionary power Is reserved (aa in the case of all territories ruled by Indians) to exercise intervention If there is gross mismanagement. The maharaja's right to Mysore and hla authority over It are emphasized by the removal of the provision requiring the state to grant land needed by the government of India foi railways tree of all charge." In future, proper compensation Is to be paid for all such land. These Improvements In the status of the maharaja of Mysore form the crowning feature of the magnanimity which Great Britain has displayed toward his dynasty, beginning as far back as 1799. The British, after defeating the Moslem usurpers In a sanguinary struggle, found the Hindu heir to the throne wasting away In a deep dungeon, held in durance vile. They set him free, and Installed him as ruler over the land which they bad taken by the sword, and which, by the right of the conqueror, they might have claimed aa their own. A generation later, however, the principality became plunged Into such misrule that the British were forced to depose its maharaja and take Its administration Into tbpir own hands. For 50 years It formed a province of British India. In 1881 it was handed back to the descendants of Its old Hindu rulers, who promised to be true to the trust that was reposed in them. This arwas merely a rangement, however, ' provisional one. Admirably, Indeed, has Mysore been governed since April 11881, when the late Maharaja Chamrajendra Wod-ya- r was installed as its ruler. On his death la 1894 the present maharaja his Highness Krishnarajah Wodyar II. succeeded him. Being a minor, his talented mother, her Highness Vanlvllas Sanntdhana Kemjmna Jamaniavaru, C, I was appointed regent The minority regime came to an end In August, 1902, and since then the present ruler hae administered his both these Throughout territory. reigns eminent Indian states men have held the post fcf premier and have had colleagues - associated with gifted them. The different, departments of state have been managed by capable officials. In some cases Brltone, or Indians who had gained their experience In British India. Maharaja Krlsh-narajaand his father, assisted by h non-offici- SECRET OF BOYS PROGRESS, Groat Mistsks to Suppoas Tims for Youths Education Is Past Whan Hs Lsaves School From what baa been said of the Importance of the training secured out-side of the schools. It la not to be Inferred that there is not much to be accomplished In the schools, says ths Denver Weekly IosL When a boy needs the help of a school moBt is after he begns to work for a living. And that is just the time that the public school system falls him. It Is a great mistake to suppose that the time for his education Is past when he leaves school. That is when the most Important part of It should start. Upon the help that he Is given then will depend bis progress toward better service and higher earning capacity. If he Is to continue to go forward, his education must continue throughout his life. One of the distinguishing characteristics of great men Is the tact that they are always learners. They become great tbecause they continue to grow. New" Una of Sport Slang. I found my eyes jowking on the cadge, but she awoke, mantled and roused a Uttle, after which I let her bowse. Hooded, with Jesses, leash, and bells In perfect order, I took her on the fist and so to the fields. It was evident that she was la yarak, for her sails, malls and train ruffied eagerly, and her petty singles spasmodically contracted so that her talons gripped the glove hard. A rook appeared and I flew at her. It was too far off and escaped, but It was a .marvel to see the lady wait on. discover another quarry, chase it, throwing up cleverly, and finally bind to It with a lightning swoop. She was depluming It when I was able to make in easily. Outing Magazine. Who Forgot, i You seem annoyed about something. Did you forget you were t Madge standing under the mistletoe? Marjorie No; but Charlie did. Judge. : Not for Him. "The doctor you speak of ought t have a taste of Ills own medicine." That wouldnt do. Then he would never prescribe It." , Tit for Tat. He Why do you women persist la wearing such tight skirts? - She To match the allowance out husbands give us to buy them. |