| Show I I I I Who Invented the ilie Adhesive Postage Stamp ri ii H n r tIll the above query bo be propound 1 j tu III I the tho hundreds s of millions who vho are Jail J lilly r the tho of oC tit h hI I Invention perhaps In truth Hi till tai nt may be he hazarded that lint nt lIW in nc in Inn a million hail the tho remotest l lIh M Ih it and till fewer I In any finy wi Wise wile c give Information Int respecting Its It or by what shat of cIr clr I lm Its adoption was 11 brought out To Tu the present Inhabitants of 01 CI tI 11 bent been world It has hUB 1 as a a thing that always hail had been ond id nd only now no arrived at tho the mark and wore wro at nt atin in iu with Ito tho dilatory ng of lust tat fan cOli fully predate the boon which has lins been on un humanity by b cheap rap rUI Id 14 and ana rUie postage lo laRl anti by Its itA useful t nl I adhesive le postage without I which one ono essential 1 advantage J t lit h ro would be lie lacking An n of o the subject under in n n any ca all mit only Ony be arrival nt r by a 1 t brief Introduction Ih of ot and ii tie aw L the Ibo which adhesive tho the WilY way for anti It I n stamp an nn fl l ni nican or We can conceive of ot Ian take taka its lis place or In any wa ai I It e 1 thc the long series setles ot of wars grat al Upheaval In time tho social ot the hag during occur t l last laRl decades or DC r the Ule I I ad e n ln and J the n first t two th nineteenth ne nth tame a time of century 11 I education ud Inno otter litter a revived rapid h by sta agency nit AU no ne of feet farl a ria rising In If In the lower loller I m menI n In society matters anti and general gen l Improve i became the or I tier I IT ct cf tho thit tIny limes In con no on n alice niico with these limon other that engaged tho the attention of the thinkers was the need neNI of ut great im hit improvement provement In postal facilities facUlties which up 1111 lu to it that 11 limo mo were hut but In tnt ad all advance adVance vance of ot those prevalent in the lite century preceding I ng those who c thoughts wen wert drawn to 10 this title condition of things th the Iho luW of it hut Hill sill stand standout s nd out In boll bold relief pellet In the tho year yell I 1835 his as ns nn an administrative reformer Van Ia lm directed to tho time do nt lit upon postal system m of at rent Ireat Britain which defective though i It II was ln was In the tho advance of ot any oth other ci er civil I we nation After AUer mature con he be came caine to 10 the tho conclusion that lint tho deficiency t which might arise c flom n a l postal rate rato would bo ho up tip by h the tite increased correspond once cite would Inevitably I result remit and tutu 1111 also from the tho compulsory Cm prepay prepayment ment of or postage In his hili famous published In 1St 1837 he lie advocat advocated ed eLi e the be plan that throughout the Unit United ed ci the tho rate not hOt exceed th limit pt pC one U for each Inch letter weIghting loss less than half an Oil ounces The employment of ot adhesive postage WitS was another Idea Idell therein BUS BUrr vested gestel and noa In the followIng the tue to collection ot of too foe obviated by Ii using a 1 small piece Illece of ot paper just large enough to 10 bear a 11 stamp and cov coy covered covered ered on the back by a 11 glutinous wash which by W b applying a ft little moisture might U be t attached aUtch 1 to 10 the letter Throughout tho the entire cOtIro nation public opinion was Wall aroused arouse by the publication ot tit the pamphlet and petitions favoring the project were vere speedily gotten Rotten up signed by b largo number and presented presente 1 to 10 the tM house of ot commons end and In 1839 1833 a ft commit t co wait appointed by the tho house to examIne Into Inlo the tM subject In all Its II bearing bearIngs before b Coro Which lUll Hill won was called to Bet vet forth the tho project nt lit gutter greater length than In the pamphlet Subsequently n a bill was brought In to curry carry out opt the tIme anti and this with the full fult till governmental sanction and support Like nil all other reforms It 1 hud to meet with will opposition from train vested Interests ta but Oil on the of August 1839 1539 jim tho act received the Ito royal roat I assent After a II short trial of a it penny t j cent rent rate for 01 the I Ito ho city Cit II of London unil a IL four toll I penny rate throughout the tho country outside ultimately on the leth of or January IUD 1840 tIme the penny rate went sent tutu Into general operation throughout tile the whole of ot the United Kingdom So much In brief as JUt to 0 the tM Inception ot of the uniform postal system I mon the tho early friends antI of ot lull In hi his pa patriotic at lit postal reform wan ra Pitman 1 the tho Inventor of ot mph who was then Ihen about launch tog Ins lila his hl shorthand system of ot writing upon U po It public attention Much corres corros correspondence pawed passed palA d between these thelle two ac no active r lIre tive energetic laboring In two lines yet et having h alike at tart heart h the tho Ito general good Up to 10 thIs period ordinary wan 11 carried on only onby ly by using letter tetter paper quarto size Ilzo fold folding ing log In III three anti and Inserting tho the ends end In III each leh other using sealing wax or 01 a n awater water wafer IIer to 10 ensure secrecy pooh Boon gum gummed g m med toed paper on Which notices l devices the tho unities names ot of firms or ot persons sending the tho letter was printed und and u used ed In instead stead plead of wax or wafer It was wan 11 some little time tithe before envelopes came Into use Ulle and Introduced a 11 new feature In enclosing correspondence nce but bUl at nt first the edges wore were not generally gummed summed und nud still necessitated time the same name methods or of then them gradually gummed gummel and other Improvements came Into use Mr Ir Pitman among his other shorthand stationary had prepared a l sheet of the kind mentioned above on which was lithographed In shorthand characters In small diamonds mottoes and anti which were werf Bold by b him and used for tor securing letters and envelopes The rhe suggestion embodied In tho the pamphlet put 1111 forth by b Mr Ur lull Hill as be before tore fore stated emanated l from Mr PIt mull mun anti and occurred In course of comes corres correspondence 0 between betl en these gentlemen The Tho utility of the tho neW now postal scheme was ts so 80 marked and ond the Ute Increase o on Pos JOS Postal tat tal III revenue became such ns n to call for tor much more clerical help holp One Ono great drawback to 10 time the new system was 1111 method of ot o prepayment t of ot tho Iho Ito feit rim Cho custom CUM IIi Hi otie tar for 01 the tho wonder l r ti to lei deposit his hil hi a letter anti the Iho penny too fee at It a athe the tho window the Iha postmaster would timm mark In Ink IlIk legibly tho tue amount paid on oil the tho lie letter I the lie mooneY money and tho the letter let tot for delivery Thin Involved the ally III ot of the tho letter being IIII taken luken to 10 a ti Mint Minted ed Ull and If many litany were ere on lilt tho Iho tb same Caine 11 much IO H of ot In lit wait Inn would 11 this extra clerks wore ie ti to count till thy Ih loiters fetters check hl the Uw ito make o returns lump fit etc In lit th Ih the local und html these thea again had hlll to 10 be bo audited t at lit t tIm tha html o and the tite postmasters and lr I made out dally much labor lit bar nod 1111 und t v f course detracting tho In Itt triple advantage the Ito new 1101 lIy lI was Ill VUi designed lo to meet Thin ll feature ot of II tern Will RI or such illicit u It nattlie und WUN vr felt Mt everywhere that lint u Wl by hy time thu Ilu to t time thO Ih II who litt took 1011 the sub subject Into aurous consideration nt once ottee nailed It u notice netlee offering a I i of oC 1200 for or a it by b I nit nil ln lel method m of out ut tin tl i new noli dutIes dull could bf bp b I maul I 4 pausing with rl th tt imd tJ iho hook In use Mr again cHorte tt t hs lila na ad stamp Idea for rii the lie t 1 int of it letters elaborated a plan pili II by IJ b which they might be le h to the In lit bulk anti ln by hy Ihm told ol olto to t the tite which would the 1111 di annoyance attendant on the th It letter fee tO and minimize tin tile lug He lie 11 ul ullo net act forth tin it h great lino to 10 which this the conic IM 1111 I put In facilitating I to t Ins business tot rot it lits The plan lila ii m si t out Unit the th lb should Sto to stump tail ai h I I at lit cO 01 1 line hue to 10 t I vi valued Li ai III I flits on sir H thus I Ii ii I disposing with the tie need of ot much I count counting countI ing I in enclosing I Ii ii Is POSh liLt of Ii f them Ii emit together l with III other I of 01 t The 1111 II proposed by Mr Ir ini U to be Ill eminently lIlI itt wan tN at lit UC i and the tho amount remitted 11 to III the In iii I It might be thought by b some lion thu the Ih Idea of ot adhesive hf postage Stamp be Do shared by hy Ho win ml Hill with Isaac Pitman Prom the thc writers In lii o for tor yearn year with henna Pitman Ill tutu his knowledge of ot the friendship existing een I these two twe ii n he If ii IH 11 assured that neither of ot If them w tIlt seek peele to 10 receive or 01 claim any I meed of ot honor or U otherwise 1 to lo which he lie wa Rot not tuly untitled untilled on ul lne to duo baud neither asi titer would for a n moment withhold from the tho other all alt the ito which might accrue from rom any uny valuable liable suggestion AH Alt stIlted Hinted above tIm the BUR HUI sine came front from leant I Pitman 11 11 ant nan WM embodied by b lull an us won othar ot ol hU hIs many friends when wine to 10 do tin 80 50 o while In the ant ot of lila pu bushed lu III Ii lilT Kor nil all practical purposes the history of o till the pastime begins h In 11 the tho lit United Kingdom and with the reform In III the lie postal system fI In lIt A is postage stump stamp wan Willi In use uso In Parts Iari Ill rill In III time tho year sear 1683 1 3 letter itane woe wan Issued by lIy tho Iho ito govern government o orn mont ment In November 1815 An n 11 experiment wan wn In III London In 1830 1810 of ot wrappers titi for to ne and tour 1111 years Car later 1534 tho tire stamp authorities ties tIcs recommended rt tot for fo adoption In lIt August t 1834 lilt James Chalmers In his hi printing In n Dandee Scotland printed with ordinary type and an lii wash but bitt took no steps stein lot for publia recognition until Homo time tutu after actor the 1110 publication of the pamphlet by b Hill In Itt February 1837 A Afew few Cow a only elapsed lt of accept l ept of oL 01 tile plan hIatt of Inane Isaac Pitman that tho lie skin skill It III timid Ingenuity of or Mr hr Edward Hill ot ut the tue stamp unit and of at o Mi Parkin an Iti engineer pr effected means to U answer tin hit demand Another difficulty presented Itself namely Ink which should work effectually without with without out Dut damage to 10 the letter Itself ls lf this aim also was soon overcome In Iii tho Iho Ito production ot of the stamp both bolh cheapness anti 1111 security against forgery hall bail to ct be bo considered A fac tuc simile of ot this the queens head was WIlK first engraved on oc onn n 1 sIngle matrix which being belnA subsequently hardened was wa employed cd to tc produce impressions on cit a n soft oit steel roller roHer anti 1 this heInz being hardened In turn turu was isaH used ll under very ory heavy heo pressure PIe lre to 10 repent repeat and product Us its counterpart on Ott onn n 1 steel plate photo Tho TIto carrying wIt out of or the entire operation Va V tae II confided con to tho well volt known manufacturers ot or playing cards ards and label printers Do la Ja laHue Hue tile of ot How London by b reason of having the bent means for ac no accomplishing tho Ito work voik within the short shortest est 1st time line With but Jut light Blight modifications Improvement In the Iho operations this the taine method of or producing adhesive postage U It on en Thu total cost cOil of ot manufacture of or u ii I million wan as stated In t SlateR currency III with wHit the rom com commission mission fissIon added made the tile total of if In the British from Crom MIt 1 I 1510 1810 O to 10 0 tho hO end ot of o tho year ear 1344 1314 postage of oC f various denominations were printed The rIte great utility of oC stamps for tor collect collecting ing ng revenue has ban gradually conic come to 10 be Fees Teel on un documents In ii law courts nB as well OH as In ha other oilier way ways tavo adhesive stamps been heeti made of excellent service Tho The use Ule of ot Postage tulips In small commercial Iran nr an nt hinted at by y leone Pitman In III it the IncipIency ot of its adoption IH Is too tOll obvious to need any comment here her herTh The rite Th little canton of ot Zurich hunch Switzer Switzerland land as the tho first foreign tor I state slate to Ut adopt the adhesive anti and a s uni uniform uniform form orm In 1813 tIme he empire of Brazil followed In the tho smite year yar In lit ISH gil this thA canton of or Switzer Switzerland land Anti followed anti Basil In 1841 It 1 was tot not until that lint tho tha pottage portage po with adhesive stamps came In Into to tOU 0 use In tho the United States though N elv York md Inland states the thu experiment local locally ly h it It 1 was not until 1553 1813 3 that the Improve Improvement ment of oC perforating the tho sheets sheet for tor tim the greater convenience of ot detaching d tho the ms as introduced which had bad pre pro previously I been hicen done by b scissors etc The Tho TheUn Bum Un of ot wan ins paid to Mr Ir Henry Archer for tor his Invention of a n machine for tM 0 thin the purpose Subsequently other Im such us IIIi a a it gum Ium wash morti rW softened by stint nun on drying should 1 be bl hi tenacious to the lie stamp to the lie lot let letl l r 1 and Ink liik ot of n a perma pennia permanent nent quality were adopted article would scarcely be com corn s pule 1101 iwIc without saute ome reference In itt detail nf t the attendant upon the th lie lives of Imen men who have he done so BO much to enhance he the present social 11 III on 11 anti anil yet ot of whom so e little U III C generally known Howland Hill wes WAS born Jorn December 3 1795 1793 at Kidderminster 1 During his years tars his lilt health h alth was Infirm anti and ho hI 0 obliged to retain a II recumbent position to relieve the of ot othis ofis his is seclusion he adopted the lie practice of r repeating Inures figures aloud consecutively lively until he h had hall reached very err high causing to become nil nn adept lu III I arithmetic and mathematics At the lite of 12 years nowland Hill began bellIn beganI to I assist his hili father tather In a 4 school at al Hilltop Birmingham to which place hili is fattier father hal had removed arid and ho he had the chief management Of tho the school The establishment was WAIl removed moved In 1819 to a 0 mote more convenient In the Hasley Road noad III lu order let I have he the advantage of at a II large body bolly nt JC t boys bos antI and for tor the purpose of ot proper properly ly h out an Improved saem of ot education the principal feature of which hitch were devised by I y Hill rut nit expounded by him In n a pamphlet entitled a System for tOI the and nr 1 of Boys Hoys In large Xum Num era the first edition edillon of ot which ap l In 1822 1522 and 1 the second with W l Hd ad d In 11 1827 1821 Tho Thu main principle nt of CI the Ito th system wan the thu leasIng leaning of ut power Powel In III tho tilo tl I lunds of tho Iho hOYN ioa in mum us Tho llio sy tetu woe was HO s a rul that In lit n rt circular sit nix years after itter hue tho expedient had hlll bem la In ii II It was nn nou need that lint tin itt head hl lId |
