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Show /”’ . Page (‘8 I‘IIIC HERALD. Provo. Utah. ‘Noshing’ tends Monday. March 1. 1993 Research into Working till it hurts getting attention to create more cancer turns up ‘thrombin’ By PATRICIA MCLAUGHLIN dental cavities Philadelphia Inquirer Blue suit, white shirt, red tie. black By ROSEMARY BLACK New York Daily News wingtips. gray wrist splint? The dress—tripsuccess books don‘t say Sink your teeth into this hit of any thing about surgical appliances new s as you sit back and prepare to — but. increasingly. white-and obserye National Children‘s Den— pink—collar workers roll up their tal Health Month. sleeves only to strap on their wrist No matter how much your kids braces. And the market — ever brash and floss. and no matter how sensitive to the consumer's desire much you nag thent to do so. what to look cool — is responding. One they eat -~ during meals and in catalog offers "Great—Looking Rebetween — plays a much more ini- lief for Carpal Tunnel Synportant role in the oral health pic— drome.” and brags that its $22 ture than most parents realize. wrist support‘s “attractive styling And a surprising number of sure beats those flesh—Colored foods once thought to be good things some companies hand out! " snacks are. in fact. cay ity—promot» Of course. the real message has mg no-nos. nothing to do with attractive. It‘s How many times a day kids nosh “I work 'til it hurts." Cumulative trauma disorder. between meals can also make a difference between good and poor also repetitive strain injury (CTD oral health. says Dr. .Ied Best. 21 and RSI for short). affects people hilanhattan~based pediatric dentist. who make computer chips. gut "People used to think it was the chickens. throw pots. renovate form ofsugar that was important. " houses. ring up groceries. input says Best. “Now we know that the data. pack boxes. play the piano. frequcncy ofconsurnption of sweet w rite newspaper stories. and trans foods ls much more important than late spoken words to sign language — anybody who repeats the same the form of sugar. ” He recommends that children motion stressing the same muscle snack no more than three or four group over and over without time times daily As for what to snack for recovery. In 1991. according on. clear your cupboards of rais— to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, ins. which many parents think disorders associated with repeated make a great snack. You‘re better trauma accounted for 61 percent of off offering pretzels. popcorn or all private-sector occupational illeven ice cream. Eating cereal with nesses. People who cut and pack milk is be for than eating cereal dry red meat have the highest rates — because there is less likelihood of L336 cases per every 10,000 employees in 1990. II\ sticking to the teeth. says Best. According to one theory. it‘s the And if you have been denying your child chocolate milk. now legacy of Frederick Taylor who. with the publication of "Scientific may be the time to give in. "It's important to consider that Management” in 1911. sent an kids like chocolate milk so they army of efficiency engineers into will drink more of it." Best says. American factories to do time-and"Sucrose. which is table sugar and motion studies and reorganize which is added to chocolate milk. work to get it done faster. Like is no more likely to contribute to Alfred Nobel. who thought his invention of dynamite would end tooth decay than other sugars. ” Best adds that foods containing war. Taylor thought scientific milk casein. calcium. phosphorus management would make workers and cocoa (all of which are found happier: He thought they‘d be in chocolate milk) may be less like— proud of their increased productivly to contribute to tooth decay than ity. In fact. breaking jobs down into their smallest component subsucrose ulonc. Like white milk. chocolate milk tasks bored workers silly — and is a significant source of protein. also put them at risk for cumulative calcium. riboflavin. phosphorus trauma. Before he was Taylorized. and other nutrients. And recent your neighborhood butcher would studies have shown that when take a whole carcass and singlechocolate niiik was offered. kids handediy turn it into chops. steaks and roasts. Now. OSHA industrial were more likely to choose it. As for teeth—friendly foods. kids engineer Mike lorgensen' says, “it who like aged Cheddar cheese are takes 300 people to take apart one in luck. This is one food that may cow" — which means each person even help reduce the incidence of on the disassembly line in the meatpacking plant makes the same tooth decay. cut over and over. fast. “I tell parents to get their kids to eat the stuff at the base of the new USDA liood Py raniid." Best says. "Whole grains. whole wheat bread. good cereals and milk are certainly much better than Milky Ways.” By DR. SIMON KARPATKIN New York University School of Medicine A novel attack on a blood-clotting protein. an area of intense research. may one day help in the treatment of some kinds ofcancer. The protein is thrombin. an es— sential pan of the body’s mechanism to control bleeding. When a blood vessel is cut. cells called platelets form a temporary plug to stop the bleeding. Thrombin then acts to produce fibrin. a protein that forms a permanent clot so vessel repair can begin. But research over the past few years has found that platelets and thrombin can play a sinister role in cancer by encouraging the growth of cancer colonies. or metastases. It's crazy enough that football players have to be taped and braced and shot up with cortizone before they go to work. Why do people who work in offices need to do the same? What‘s odd is that Taylor’s ideas have influenced the organiza— tion of work for most of this century, but it‘s only in the past 10 years that the reported incidence of cumulative trauma disorder has skyrocketed. According to the Bureau encc of RSI among newspaper workers to be at 40 percent. Do enough people use keyboards to account for the jump in repeated trauma illness? Dennis McIntosh of the Center for Office Technology, a trade association In fact, breaking jobs down into their smallest component subtasks bored workers silly — and also put them at risk for cumulative trauma. ’ of Labor Statistics, repeated trauma accounted for only 21 percent of occupational illness in 1982. compared to 61 percent in 1991 . Another thing that’s increased in those 10 years is the use of computersby airline reservation clerks. directory assistance operators. ambulance dispatchers. car rental agents. postal workers, data entry clerks and newspaper reporters. many of whom have begun to complain of repetitive strain injuries. One series of studies found incid- that represents employers with RSI problems. thinks not. noting that, in 1990, the heavily computer-dependent financc, insurance and real estate industries reported only 5-6 cases of repeated trauma illness for every 10,000 employees — compared to 1.336 for meatpackers. 696 for poultry workers, 473 for people who make refrigerators. and 450 for auto body workers. But Steven Phillips. a lawyer representing a number of reporters suing Atex, the company that built Fruit juice, surprisingly, higher in sugar than that soft drink O By JEANE DIXON For Mar. 2 ARIES IMarcII 21-April 19>: A sudden upset that threatens a personal relationship probably stems from a financial problem. Try not to overreact. Get on the ball where a real estate transaction is conCerncd. TAURUS tap‘il '20-May 20.: Timely business corrununications can have a positive and direct bearing on your finances. Wrap up old projects before starting a new one. GEMINI IMay 21-.liiue 20:. Your judgment may be off where a ritoney or business situation is concerned You cannot afford to take someonc's reassurances at face value. ('onduct more research and the facts will surface CANCER tJunc 21-July 22:: Longdistance communications take on greater importance today. Be alert for an error in data and correct it promptly. Exhilaration is back in the romance What‘s worse for you. that fruit drink or soft drink? . If it‘s sugar you don‘t want. avoid the fruit drink. According to the US Department of Agriculture's Dietary Guidelines. the l2-ounce soft drink contains nine teaspoons of sugar while the fruit drink contains up to 12 teaspoons. That means if you eat about 2,200 calories per day . that one lZ-ounce can of fruit drink is the maximum amount of extra sugar you‘re allowed for the day. said JoAnn Mortensen. Utah State University Extension home economist in Salt Lake City. While choosing a diet low in fat is a concern for everyone, choosing one low in sugars is also important for people who have low calorie needs. she said. Sugars include white sugar. brown sugar. raw sugar, corn syrup. honey and molasses. These supply calories and little else nutritionally. she said. To avoid getting too many calories from sugars. Mortensen said try to limit your added sugars to six teaspoons a day if you eat about 1,600 calories, 12 teaspoons at 2,200 calories, and 18 teaspoons at 2.800 calories. These amounts are intended to be averages over time. she said. The patterns are illustrations of healthful proportions in the diet. not rigid prescriptions. She said added sugars are in foods like candy. soft drinks. jams. jellies and sugars you add at the table. Some added sugars are also in foods from the food groups such as fruit canned in heavy syrup and chocolate milk. Here is a look at the approximate amount of added sugars (in teaspoon measurements) in some popular foods. One teaspoon is equal to four grams of sugar. Bread, 1 slice = O Muffin. I medium = 1 Cookies, 2 medium = 1 Danish pastry, lmcdium = l Doughnut, 1 medium = 2 Angelfood cake = 5 Frosted cake = 6 Fruit pie, slice = 6 Fruit in juice, '/2 cup = 0 Fruit in light syrup. '/2 cup = 2 Fruit in heavy syrup 1/2 cup = 4 MILK, YOGURT, CHEESE Milk, plain, 1 cup = 0 Chocolate milk. 2 percent = 3 Lowfat yogurt, plain, 8 02. = O Lowfatflavorcd yogurt = 5 Ice cream or milk. ‘A cup = 3 Chocolate shake. lOouncc = 9 the keyboards many newspapers use, argues that because finance. insurance and real estate workers aren’t unionized, it’s likely that they’re complaining, but nobody’s listening to them. Until recently, that was almost certainly the fate of most workers who developed cumulative trauma disorder on the job. It’s unlikely that anybody who made a living chopping cotton and picking it by hand over turned up in the Bureau of Labor Statistics' occupational illness logs, even though it’s hard to imagine more painful work than stoop labor. Everybody knew it hurt, so there was no point in complaining. But working in offices isn’t sup— posed to hurt, and it’s not so easy to brush off the complaints of white-collar workers shocked to find their work has disabled them. They’ll sue. If they’re reporters. they’ll write about it — or complain to somebody who will. Ever notice how any time some— thing happens to newspaper reporters, it turns out to be a trend? When seamstresses and meat cutters and fruit pickers had sore wrists, it was hard luck. Now that reporters have them, it ’s a story. A computer search of major newspapers by the Philadelphia Inquir— er’s library found three stories about RSI in 1987, eight in ’88, 19 in ’89, 35 in ’90. Ten years ago, before reporters had it, you only read about RSI in the Journal of Occupational Medicine, according to OSHA’s Jorgcnscn. That awareness has many likely results. People whose hands or wrists or arms or shoulders hurt are more likely to guess why. They’re more likely to see a doctor, who’s morc likely to diagnose it correctly. Their employers are less likely to brush it off. Studies show that platelets form a sticky surface on which cancer cells can accumulate. The platelets tumor cell complex remains in the blood vessel. protected. from attack by the immune defense system. Also. giving an animal extra thrombin increases platelet-cancer cell adhesion fivefold and causes a hundredfold increase in metastases. A key finding that helps explain this effect is that some cancer cells have receptors for thrombin. When a thrombin molecule becomes attached to a receptor on the surface of a cancer cell, it has two harmful effects. One appears to increase the growth rate of cancer cells. In effect, thrombin can act as a growth factor, activating cancer-related genes associated with tumor growth. A second effect is to enhance the stickiness of cancer cells. allowing them to adhere to platelets and other blood vessel components. In addition. many cancer cells can produce thrombin. thus establish: ing a vicious cycle that accelerates tumor growth even further. Two widely used anti-clotting drugs, warfarin and heparin, have been tried against cancers. but they have had only a weak effect in slowing growth. But neither of them acts directly on thrombin within the tumor-platelet-fibrin clot. There have been more encouraging cxperimental results with an anti-clotting substance called himdin. which is extracted from the saliva of leeches. Hirudin binds to thrombin and inactivates it within the tumor-platelet-fibrin clot. Another possible line of attack is to use compounds that block the thrombin receptors on cancer cells. Researchers are working to develop such compounds. At the same time. scientists have begun to test a variety of tumors for the presence of thrombin receptors. It is believed that receptor-rich cancer cells will be most vulnerable to a thrombin-inactivating treatment. 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