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Show i SUNDAY MORNING, SEPTEMBER 11, 1921. THE OGDEN W l92rS DEAT H FOR MILLIONS Map stowing the immense areas in Asia and Europe afflicted by the the blocked line shows 'Russia's famine district where millions face death. Immense Areas, Usu- 11 STANDARD-EXAMINE- R RECORD HEAT WAVE hot wave. Dotted line shows southern limit; shaded part within 1931 Even Moist England ally Fertile, Dried Up in Europe and Asia, and Famine Stalks Helpless PeopleOur Own Crops Damaged Has Shortage of Potable Water, but Scandinavia and e Germany Get Rain in Time to Save Their Crops Wei-com- By . B. "FARMER" DUNN, How to Awther of "Th Weather and ' T? . - aridity, those are not lb crlfor unaaaal atmospheric condi mary lions do not occur at each regular laterval at do the periods of scourge of oo sort or d ' "W another. ' time, but the ; ind-lhrKd- already afflicted people. over the world during the present summer, has fio parallel In history. There have been hot waves j there have been famines; there have bftn pestilences, at various times and In many places, but none so blighting and terrible as this. Abnormally hlf h temperatures have prevailed in almost all parts of the northern hemisphere and ha?e continued for an unprecedented length of time. The burning rays of the sun caused a dry, blistering heat in some sections; while in otherswhere extreme heat was accompanied by high humidityhuman suffering has been great Dry 'heat burns and withers. Moist heat kills. . re-cen- it hot win over Europe li not the pause of their t suffering. Poland seems to hate been ell tared for by the elements end to have wcaped the ivattJon tafferel by her neiahbora. She a sufficiency of er.tJaU etcs to and thereby present la the horJet tl Marring Huvkinrs 3 niot attractive forag Inj: ground for those bare r.ictvitio of hkh they hare deprived through so fault of their o o. ThouatiIe of the eterT- Jr.g from the Volga districts are already u.Urating socthward on foot. CotamanCer John J. London. U. S. N, ct Che nai4?r Kt, Ixtuia. reported to have t&Sd that the fleet of fceren destroyer was kept tuiy caxlug for refuieea ro mice from the IiittV ISea ports. He described ba coadltloa f the U0.COO Russian refugees In Costtafctl-rtopl- i.fs bn , V e-- -- Where Heat Wives Grow A nd ' How They Travel . It is poatbly tree that sots parts of China art in great diatreas aafi urgently In need of food t the preeat IhJ great heat ware, which has spread 1 - cab, t KEN the south wind blew softly." there came a blister- ing, withering heat, carrying en Us Wings famine, pestilence and death t aa 1 The great, scorching heat waves of our Western States are known as the "Chinook"; in Mediterranean countries as the "Sirocco" and In Russia as the "Buran." These "waves" are accompaniments of areas of low atmospheric pressure, and while, very often, their origin and effect may be relatively local, they can generally be traced, from a, beginning in the Pacific Ocean to the south of Japan and Corea, eastward along our northern border, across northern sectlbns of Europe and until they are lost in China and Siberia. These low pressure areas are known as "cyclonic disturbances" and, when they havi developed id magnitude and force, as "cyclones." In other words, all storms, big or little, are areas of relatively low pres sure, and, therefore, potential cyclones. In summer- they are generally expansive and move sluggishly eautward without very appreciable rotary or progressive force. They might then be well termed atmospheric drone?. To, the southward of their paths the winds are mostly light south and southeasterly and they often linger for days over a given section, drawing toward their centres vast amounts of warm air; dry warm air from interior and arid lands and moist air from bodies Of water and along the sea coasts. The hot waves that have passed over this country during the past two months have not railed temperatures to previously established records, but they have lingered and in their lingering have parched the Central States to the very great damage of wheat, c6rn and other crops,- - and long periods of heat and high humidity have caused many casualties in the Atlantic States. According to a report issued by ' the Department of Agriculture, there was a decline from the estimated value of summer crops represented by a quarter of a billion dollars. Wheat alone was 91,000,000 bushels short of estimated prodmction. Almost every crop was adversely affected by constantly high temperatures and absence of rain. Little rain fell in any of the Central or Western States, and in Montana, parte of North Dakota, Illinois, Missouri and other Central States almost a drought prevailed. The condition has been due to the unusual frequency of the passage of areas of low pressure across our northern tier of States or southern Canada. They have pro-- 1 ceeded in almost constant succession and their progress has been comparatively slow. e at piliablf. The health aituatloa. as reported by litu ' Harrison and others, ia distressing. Cholera is reaping a rich harvest along the Volga and in remote districts. Reports state that it is spreading throughout Russia. Tetrogrtd denies the pretence of east 't.r cholera in the tity, but Not cow ac-knowledge many. Th health Uepaxtsaat it emtarraBied by limited means of More than EO.000 caaM had been reported up to July 31. The health department ban atarted a ayitem t compal-nor- y inoculation in the hope of retarding the spread of the diaeaae. Typhus haa hea mentioned as a mena.ee that is probable with the approach of eold weather. It ia we'll known that the transportation of Iluaaia are'at their lowaat lUilways are very nearly naeJeaa. are Inadequate: all are f and other trata-portatio- n. ; , e3-clenc- fac-illtle- y. me-aru- - hlbited. .On July 10 the official tempera- heat rind drought: no rain has fallen for ture at Paris touched 99.6 degrees, the one hundred days or more and its greatest years. dread is of a atr famine, which up to highest official record for forty-twThat temperature, attended by high humid- this writing fast approaching. Oflly can and absence of rains prerent great suffering. ity appreciable breeze, heavy caused Intense suffering. For many days England is now on water ration. It is it was actually dangerous to venture into being sold by the bucket by thoat fortunate the sun and many prostrations were re- enough to have a well sufficiently deep. ported. Many wells have already become exhausted The Agricultural Department of France and deeper shafts are being sunk. Inhabireported pasturage burned; corn the only tants along the River tihannon in Ireland good crop, and all other vegetation IP bad are paying one cent a bucket for water and condition; crops extremely short and prod- travelling long distances to get it. ucts expensive. The drought covered all of Col. J. B. P. Karslake, chairman of the France and at that time no rain had fallen Metropolitan Water Board ot London, say : since the 22d of May, and that was merely "The water in the Thames and Lea rivers a shower. AH wells and waterways were it. likely to diminish further before It rebecoming dry and drinking water was at a covers and the depleted reservoirs are repremium. Sufferings of live stock, com- plenished. Both rivers are very much bined with the shortage of vegetable prod- below normal, particularly the Lea. The ucts and their high prices, causod cattle to board's present abstraction from the be rushed to market to be sold at any Thames amounts to about. 163.000,000 galprice, but even those sacrifices did not lons per day. This exceeds the board's deter the upward swing of prices upon all statutory right by 35,000,000 gallons. The food products, Including meat. storage supplies re becoming seriously afMr. Hennlngsen, for Den- fected. Their yields hare fallen off conmark at New York, who has Just returned siderably." from his country, says: "I left Denmark Surrey, England, reports all vegetation, three weeks ago, after having experienced, except roeCa, burned up. The agricultural correspondent to the some of the heat and drought. Things were in a bad condition and have been for some London Times says: "Great Britain is extime, but before I left a good supply of periencing what the older among ua say rain came and saved the crops and re- resembles the memorable 136S. There has plenished the wells. Fortunately, Denmark been nothing comparable with it since that has a very rich soil and recovered very year, unlesB possibly 1893 and 1911. The quickly. Jutland was seriously affected by contention is warranted up to a point, but drought and needed rain very badly. The inquiries In an extreme season like this light, sandy soil there does .not retain the bring out the limitations of human effort moisture. Water was very scarce and every- to overcome natural imperfections or thing was drying up." Areas of Low Pressure It has been learned from competent au- - Serious Results in Caused July's Discomfort ihotiiy that Switzerland has suffered very England and on Continent DCiivuaii Aucuiuu&ub ucgau lucid u uajr At over the Those depressions passed A London medical correspondent advises and since then only a few showers have lantic, became ladened with moisture and occurred. Extreme heat has been constant, that all water be boiled, "as drought Is hav-intheir approximate centres entered Europe many streams and wells have given out and its effect on sanitation." Deaths, atover the Scandinavian Peninsula. The heat It was difficult to obtain sufficient water tributable to the heat, have been reported which has been intense In Great Britain and for household purposes. Tile relative lack from many places; cattle are suffering, practically all of Europe, has been ac- of water in the mountains of Switzerland heath fires have been started and water companied in western parts by high hu- and Italy has driven vipers from their from the villages in the valleys is being midity and the same sluggish atmospheric hiding" places, and they Infest the roadways carted and sold. Drinking water on the conditions that have been notable in this and villages, and make It rather necessary Yorkshire wolds is practically exhausted." country. The low areas lagged in their to .watch one's step. From Zermatt, Swit- Northamptonshire farmers report their progress across northern Europe, con zerland, comes the news that never before barley to be a complete failure and the stantly drawing heat into the central por- have there been more accidents among the farmers of Kent are cutting theirs for hay. . tions, from Norway eastward to Siberia. climbers, and the reason is attributed to. All crops are very poor. . In London fines Had these atmospheric depressions been the relatively high temperatures, which are being Imposed for wasting water. normally 'active, the heat waves would have have caused snow bridges to melt and beDuring the early period of the heat wave come . at intervals; instead, each depres- come unsafe, and developed dangerous Germany was seriously affected, but a good sion overlapped the preceding one - and crevasses among the glaciers, and, of supply of rain has revived the crops in that maintained a steady flow of southerly and course, the heat ot other lands has sent country. Austria has suffered, but to whet southeasterly winds, which caused the heat more tourists to meet the accidents. Al- extent cannot be learned. to be as great In northern as in more south- pine lakes have dried to the extent that the The most reliable Information upon at of vast The Russia ore some of plains erly parts. 'certain houses, laid foundations mospherlc conditions over Europe Is furstorehouses et beat, and, so' far as temper- 2,000 years tgo, have been exposed and nished by the maps issued by the Londop' ature is concerned, compare favorably with found to be In perfect preservation. Meteorological Serivce, which show that out Mojave desert,. where' summer temper- Paris press despatches indicate that Hun- - nearly all of the low pressure areas that atures, In the sun, range from 123 to 150 gtry suffers from both heat and drought; : have crossed Europe during the past tew degrees. that temperatures of 100 degrees have oc months have followed more northern paral Great Britain, Prance and Russia seem curred at many places, accompanied by lels than has been customary. Some of the to have been the greatest sufferers. In high humidity, and that all industry has centres ot depression have been well within those countries the heat and. drought were been impeded. the Arctic Circle, and. lacking deflnation greater than any experienced during the Mr. R. Munk, secretary to the Norwegian and vigor, have remained practically mopa$t forty years. In France the heat was Consul at New York, says: "While .Norway tionless over northern Russia and Siberia. so intense during most "of July that much has been very hot, . the crops were not Low pressure areas are, as a general rule, business was suspended. On the 14th of ranch affected. It will be a medium year; more progressive over moist land or water July, the national holiday, it was so hot we have plentyof water, but we need flour ways, but lose their energy t oot dry that all parades, outdoor festivities and and. sugar." plains. For that reason Russia la pecuan sports were, by acof the Senate, proGreat Britain has had its full share ot liarly subject to drc-g'for the warm air -- - o . Vice-Cons- ul - influ-encea.- " . , " - ut, ,J'I. , r.T r;4, This was the beautiful Swiss Lake Morat. now dried by the great drought baring the foundations rested. -- g ot lake dwellers homes built in the Stone Age. Note the piles on which the prehistoric housea from more asutherly climes must paaa over her territory toward the relatlvo atmoher bare spheric vacuums that linger northern spaces. The Russian Empire in eaalern Europe and northern Asia covers an area exceedot ing 3,500.000 square miles, or the land surface of the globe. It is mostly confined to the cold temperate zones. The climate of Russia presents a striking uniformity;, the dry, southeast 'winds extend oyer immense spaces of flat plains. Warm weather sets In definitely In June, generally reaching a maximum temperature in July, and near the Black Sea in August. The summers are much warmer than in corresponding latitudes of the western countries of Europe, and periods ot extreme heat, such as hate just been experienced, r one-sixt- h are quite unendurable. The steppes are very fertile plateau land, intersected by numerous ravines, and furnish pasture for cattle and sheep, but for the past two months those waterways havt been dry. Over those broad plains ot thousands ot square miles, which are extremely productive in ataaonable .weather, la now only black earth and desolation. There is no breeze, the air is dry and stifling; Ten the hardy Ruaslan must sac cumb to its deadening Influence, It Is not a case of the survival of the fittest, but of water and food. They who have Jt wiU sunriTe; the others will die.. In the intense heat an infinite silence broods over the land peremtes the human, with terror. It is unsafe to venture abroad in search of necessities. Suicide is prefer able to slow starvation, and is being all No- animals are visible; adopted. til - donkeys and horses have been eatea. No water is to be found, except "In the last dregs of the Volga, and that is polluted CopyrUht, 1021, hr Th . tmmmtMM2T gaV NT - -- York !trl4 and provokes peatllence fand death. ;The populace hate been Instructed not to drink uf It and haTe no meaiVs of boiling 'the water, in the atnce crtfuf ort ht fuVt. Conflagrations have denuded the forests of northern Russia, and Siberia, and bear, hafe been deer and other food animalt ' drlren away. The Volga, aflecticnately called "Little Mother Volga," the gigantic' waterway of Russia; 2,200 miles long, sometimes eltren miles wide; draining a country three times the size of France, with a delta of seventy-tw- o miles. Is the stream the water ot which Is fast being eraporated and now so polluted as to be unfit to drink. Our great Hudson is a babbling brook In comparison. The famoua "black earth- - districts, the most fertile agricultural portion of the Empire, if not of the world, have been repeatedly visited by famine, A succession of bad harvests haa been more diaastroua to Russia than to other countriea, excepting possibly China, and It tie In those fertile districts that the worst famines In the hands ot the, Bolshevists and itJv they Who Inaiat upon diipenalng what may be donated. Therefore, as Captain Enttett Kilpatrkk says: "If AmerJc-iiart- rtlitr. s Ing the Russians, I hope It will watch the food go down the throats of the hue try. otherwise the Communists will be the only one provided for. Already the Soviet it sending out propaganda crgiDg that caly the fit should get food. All others muiV die." Commenting on thla aubject, a said: "The Bolshevist took all the produce from the farmers last year; so this for their yer they planted isonly enough own use and-thagone. .The suppliei that are sent by America will be delivered to the JJolsheviata and the ruffcrers will have a hard time getting any. The cities ' are always In want." The Bolshevik newspapers admit the deplorable condition of the railways and say; "This disorganization ot the railway Crafic Laa become worse, despite eforts of the SoTiet Government to alleviate It. Thty i , further admit that the famine may be.tre.n The very wordSiberia has justly become worse than In pretioaa yeara ot BoUaeV.it synonymous with a lad of Intense cold- - regime. The most difficult problem to be aclraj is But It is also a land of Intense -- heat, more Insufferable an net the furnishing, but the delivery of food which at times Is than equal degree of .beat at several latitudes to the atarving. It will require great !e further south. The heat In northern Rua-- tenuity to get It beyosd the handa of the s!a and Siberia does not prevail long after Bolshevist. Mr. Hoover and his sklUtd the first of September, and eool days Teach onrsnlration will find great difficulty in southern Russia by the first of October. an! following the delireryof .sapp!iea, regard-Itof any understanding or agrt-tstc- t about one month later the mercury to rUe above the freezing point.' with the Soviet Govertmtst. licit r t th China haa undergone the trials of famine famlse stricken are in the heart of Ran La .and pestilence alace long before Chrlru and tinder the present deplorable trans Those calamities in that country are not. portatioa facilities it wocld takefrcm three bo much due to cliniate and atmospheric to fear weeks to reach them. . CclJ weather conditions as to- absence of sanitation, will be at hacd long before the rjrrjvcre "While they may be augmented by heat ran possibly be saicccred. 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