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Show luiimb Much the Better of the Two The Intiinidutor Lead Pencils. dated. The very nama of the lead peecil, ?ike so many othcra that have become jfamiliar as household words, is a misnomer, for there is no lead io it. ILd lead is an oxide of lead, and white lead is a carbonate of the "ame raefal. It is, as most of our readers are aware, one ef.the frrmsof that very common but very interesting element, carbon; and is also known as plumbago and as graphite. Tero are Bcveral pencil manufactories in Keswick, England. The "leads" for the best pencils, as we were toid, were formerly sawed out from musses of the pure graphite then yielded by the Borrowdale tnine; but the only mine now masses large enough for the purpose is in Siberia. At present the smaller fragments of graphite are grouud fine, calcined, and mixed with pure clay, which has been prepared by diffusing it through water, allowing the coarser particles to settle, drawing off the milky liquid from the top and letting it settle again. This latter is exceedingly fine and plastio, end after being drieu on linen filthers is fit for use. It is mixed with the powdered graphite in various proportions, according to the degree of harduess required in the pet -cil; two parts of clay to one of graphite being used for a fine, hard grade, equal parts for a soft one, and inter 'nediate mixtures for the grades between. The materials after being mixed are triturated or kneaded with water till they are of the consistency of dough. This dough is pressed i ito groove? in a smooth board, dried it this mould by a. moderate hea, tien taken out and baked in covered crucibles in a furnace. Sometiir.es t dough is compressed in a strong receiver and forced through a email hole ia a thread of the shape required, then dried and baked as above. The grado of the lead depend partly upon the degreo of heat to which it is exposed in the Leads intended for very fine architectural drawing, are like work, re heated after the baking and immersed in melted wax or suet. The wood used for the beet kinds of pencils is the Florida red cedar, which is thoroughly seasoned, cut into strips, dried again, am' then cut into pieces of proper Biae for pencils. These are grooved by machinery, the leads are clued into the groove, and the other half of the wood is glued on. 'After being dried under pres sure they are rounded or otherwise thapud by a kind of lathe or cutting machines then polished by another machine, and Bometimes painted or varnished by a third, which feeds the pencils from a hopper ani turns them around under the truth. At Kes wicktha best pencils never go through this process, but are finished by simple polishing. They are next cut tho rignt length by a circular saw, aud the ends made smooth by a drop knife, alter which they are stamped by a heated die and sent to the packing room. The small loads for "ever pointed" pencils are made either from the natural musses of graphite or from a composition of graphite and clay pro pared an already described, and then baked. Boston Journal ot Uhemis fur-nishin- e; fur-nac- e. ; trv' Modem aud Ancient Navies. Modem naval architecture has beeu largely borrowed from the ancients. Only ; within about twenty years America and Europe adopted the ram both for offensive and defensive put poses mu naval warfare, but the war vessels of the Greeks and Romans were built on the same principle. And the extent of the navies of old is something remarkable. The tonnage x( the British navy, the largest of this day,-- about 300,000 tons, but the Athetiiane, 355 years before the Christian era, being a republic, with lees than 2,000,000 of inhabitants, sustained a navy of 411 rams, i with a tonnage of 104,577 tons, with 90,000 men, and the mq a single naval battle with the Carthagcnians, brought into action 3t4 rams, of 103,376 tons, manned bj 120,000 f fighting men. The fleet "of Xerxes, which the Athenians defeated at Salumis, consisted of 1,207 rams, of 280,027 Ions-amanned by 330,000 men. u Bo-man- mmm "I am opposed to Mr. Tilden,'1 said Blaine at Boston, "because at a great crisis in his country's fate he proved unfaithful, and when it lay btaediDg at every pore from wounds by rebel hoides he passed by on the othxr side." Yet Sim Titfen was a better Union man than Jim Blaine. It is only siDce the fighting stopped that the latter has been greatly ex- (From the Marion Star, Sept. 8th.) A number of the South Carolina cotton strikers went to a field last week, io which a stalwart son of Ham was working, and accosted him about how much he received, when the following dialogue took place: Strikers Say, JsTat, what you git fur dat dar work you doin'? ercised about his bleeding country. Look yere, niggers, tell me, When that country "lay bleeding are you ready to meet yo' God? at every pore from wounds by rebel Strikers No fool in, Nat; what hordes," Mr. Blaine happened to be dose buckra pay you for dis work drafted. Of course he rushed at once you doin'? to hurl back the rebel hordes and Nat Ise not fooiin , nudder; stanch every pore of his bleeding tell me, niggers, am you ready to meet yo' God? country? Oh, no; he hired an substitute, and provided him Strikers See yere, .Tsat we come with a soft cushioned chair in the to stop dis workin fo notMn ; so Provost Marshal's office at Augusta. you got to stop dat work 'mediately The able bodied substitute was short- and go with us. Nat 'lore God, niggers, you ly removed to the county prison for stealing; but Blaine was too busy flingin' grave yard dirt on yo'self, making a fortune out of the Spencer au' if yo' aint ready to meet yo' God rifle contracts to hunt up another leave yere, for de fust nigger puts substitute. his hand ou me, dat nigger'll wake This is the extent of Blaine's war up in hell. record, and, as we have said, Sam Nat worked on. Tilden's is vastly honestcr, more patriotic, and more creditable. The Some men in their uses lie near true reason why Blaine opposed Til the den was not mentioned at Boston. It earth, and others are near to the Some are as meadow fog heavens. is the same reasou which every rogue has for fearing and hating the un which the sun eats up and which iipiii, Hh NhW m a mm m A WfeSi Double-Thre- t nriTift nun U U JLI1JJM L L IS mrii$m yr mm if able-bodie- compromising enemy of rascality and disappears with the coming day, while others yet are like the upper rascals. N. Y. Sun. clouds which are uot known at all until the sun rises, when suddenly Widows. they 6tand forth to sight, great and revelations of the upper A young widow is, perhaps, the shiuing realms. most interesting object of nature or iu art. She is matronly beauty and maidenly freedom combined. She is too sweet lor anything! Mrs. Browuing says that you must spoil a man to make a poet; and certainly a man must be pretty thoroughly spoiled before he can leave a widow. Poets, statesmen, heroes and philosophers have each felt the iufluence of widowhood. Its quality is not stained. It falls alike upon the just n m and the unjust. None can escape it. Edward l'lantagenet wedded the widow Elizabeth Gray, though he knew she brought civil war for her dowry. Ned Waller, Joe Addison, Sam Johnson, George Washington, Napoleon Bonaparte', John Wesley, 0) Tony Weller, Ben Disraeli, and all widows. the boys married Henry b the Eighth was. so fond of them that be took two; and King David was bo pleased with Abigail, the widow of Nabal, whom he took to wife, that he turned Bathsheba into a widew on purpose to marry her. Wheo the & old widow Naomi counsels the young widow Ruth how to lay snares m the harvest fields of her kinsman and spring her net on the threshing floor, we know at once that the wealthy bachelor Boas might as well I ZD Is J Has Oha 53 i ch Machine, iini ii THE LIGHTEST-RUNNIN- r MACHINE G IN THE WORLD. With our printed dirci'tion!, no initnictifln or mechanical skill is required to operate it. 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