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Show TIIE I1ERALD-REPUBLICA- SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, SUNDAY, APRIL 16, 1916 N, AST AN!3 RICHE G ERMAN'GO LO NY Y UND D ON A" that really paid for the immense effort of tlevelopment. The losses of these colonics were trifling moves in the far more important game the conquest of Africa as a continent and the stride for German East Africa is the last stage in thi3 greater FOR H WEDGE THAT BLOCKS BRITISH PLANS Africa, showing colonies as they were before the MAP of lost all her colonies, except German East Africa. tinent is seen by a glance at the map. frame. England and France are already strongly entrenched in Africa; England from Capo Colony northward and from Egypt southward; and France in her great African empire of the northwest Algiers, Tunis and Morocco. The vast French area, including Sahara, was at first derided, and Lord Salisbury referred to the French possessions as the "second greatest in Africa chiefly sand." But with the colonizing of. Algiers and much of the adjacent country, unknown riches have been developed and an African empire really worthy of the name has gradually developed. Seeing this, Italy has more recently gained a foothold in Tripoli, thus completing the European occupation of the Mediterranean fringe of Africa from the French on the west to the British in the east. Incidentally, too, this European occupation of the Mediterranean fringe gives a Euro pean circuit of the whole Mediterranean, with . Britain posted at its gateways, Gibraltar and Suez, and midway at Malta, East Africa, from Egypt in the north to Cape Colony in the south, has been the main field 'for British But all the time one development. has lain across the obstacle jrreat this of development; German path like a wall right stretches East Africa across the middle of thecontincnt, a solid German political barrier between the English advance southward from Egypt and northward from the cape. "Cairo to the cape" has long been a dream of British statesman-shi- r a real connection between the rich British possession in the north, from the Suez southward, and the great British stretch from Cape Colony up through Rhodesia. Completes British Chain. But right in the middle of this chain Germanv has held one link German East Africa and without this link the British chain was broken into two detached parts, each a small empire, but not together a vast British African empire, like the French African empire of the northwest. That is what gives a meaning Pawn in Mighty Game for Control of Continent Isolated Since Portugal Entered War on Side of Kaiser's Enemies CUTS IN TWO BRITISH 'CAPE TO CAIRO' LINE If British Armies Gain Mili-tar- y Possession of Strip Diplomats Vill Be Slow to Return It When Peace Comes BOER LEADER IN COMMAND LONDON, April 15. The war Germany and Portugal has centered attention on the struggle for Germany 3 last and greatest colony, German East Africa, now hemmed in on four sides by Portugal's African colony on the south, tho Belgian Congo on the west, Britain on the north and southwest, and British ships along the cast with no communication between the German colony and the home country. This is tho chief significance of this new war, for there is no chance of a clash of Germany and Portugal in Europe, with Germany occupied in more important fields. And besides the stake of German East Africa, there is the larger Make of Africa itself, for these shifts of colonies are gradually determining tho future of a whole continent, second only to Asia, greater than North or South America, and three times the size of Europe. Togoland, the German garden spot in Africa, was the first to fall; then the Kamerun3, and then German West Africa. Each was a promising colony, but Togoland has been the only one V Blinded and Crippled Scions of British Families, Who Proved Devotion and Valor on the Firing Line, Are Being Aided in Overcoming Dreadful Physical Handicaps; Splendid Results Are Already Showing Themselves Among the British and Territorials FJ2ENCH 32 - 8- TaOrr6 - to Portugal's entrance in the war, as hastening the fate of German East Africa, the one link to the British chain from Egypt to the cape. Already British development has reached down from the north and up from tho south, close to the edge of eyt-.'.igl- A:. - -- , t t J3r is this last link. There is a travel route now, but not always on British territory, for midway the chain breaks, and one must go either by the long slender lakes, Tanganyika and Nyassa", or across the Belgian Congo on the west, or the great stretch of r w Alsace-Lorrain- i.iim ;i e, ! i i- ft -j 1 rp l in :i ri n t T--n i C ' J . 1 r " ' 1 ill A 'A. i. .1 . it ff. .'x '. J. Dunstan's. able-bodie- into the mines of the blinded men the root principle that they are handicapped, not afflicted. The latter word is used far too freely in connection with blind folk. Tell a man that he is afflicted and his mental outlook on life will bear the stamp. But tell him he is handicapped and if he is a good fellow at heart his sporting spirit will assert itself and he will adopt all the means that are shown him to enable him to catch up with the fellows to whom circumstances have given n start." Since the school work at St. Dun- men have stan's began thirty-fiv- e been graduated, having learned one or more occupations, such as boot repairbasket-makining, massage, joinery, poultry farming and mat-makin- g, r Germany's last and greatest colonj' it is the conquest of a continent, with a French African empire in the west and a British African empire in the east. j. nrwuifHIH-IJiir..,- nir ! " v I LJi r, VsiT???A: 1 nrr i r i t articles they produce are salable. Door mats, baskets of every shape and size, book cases, picture frames and many "other thin ' 1 ni I .?'H" rTyVj. own, k il,l'liu,JSil,u,imt in the workrooms with accuracy and , ? jori s 1. Near the workshops is the poultry farm where those men who desire to live in the country are tano-hrmiifvir keeping, and simple market garden ing, me men quickly become proficient, learnign to distinguish the ficient, learning to distinguish the weight of a bird, to manage incubators, and all the rest that goes wih K.r'. poultry raising. : 1 1 ?A.- - x SiI ftA A A I, Mr. Pearson believes that the massage business is likely to prove the most lucrative of the occupations taught at St. Dunstan's. Primary instruction in anatomy and physiology is given at the hostel, and when the I A AA primary stage is passed tuition is continued in the massage department at the National Institute for the Blind. Among the students i.n the massage department is Clutha Mackenzie, son of Sir Thomas Mackenzie, high commissioner of New Zealand. Clutha Mackenzie is hardly more than a bo.y, but he has accented the inevitablA cheerfully and is studying assiduous ly to master tlie wars 01 the kingdom of darkness. He is but one of many interesting young men among the students. The average duration of training at St. Dunstan's is probably about six months. When the men leave the hostel great care is taken to see that they settle in suitable localities where the work they have selected can be pursued. Their training places them in a position of compartive independence, for in addition to what they can earn they receive pensions of about $0 a week, and more in the case of noncommissioned officers. Mr. Pearson stated that the National Institute for the Blind has started a special branch .which has for its obs vx A: A xWri t of blinded soldiers ject the after-car- e and sailors. It is planned to erect a large building to be devoted principally to this use. There raw material will be suDnlied to tho mn at cost price, and difficulties with re- 1 gara to selling goods made will be smoothed over. In such work as boot repairing, where no articles are produced, every effort will Hr m fn secure steady employment. It is not all work and no play at St. Dunstan's. The men on the lake play pushball, swim in nearby baths, and engage in other amusements to work. on transcribed the Braille shorthand. and optypewriter. their liking. Entertainments are prolearning They who men never vided regularly, including dancer secrehave were men who the In erate on a little machine of seven Several of the shops become' tools are handled adept quickly. twice a week. Most of the Tommies keys which punches the characters on taries before joining the army a strip of paper. Thede characters learning shorthand and typing for the A few weeks practice enables many and Jack Tars dance very well and later can be read with the finger tips purpose of resuming their former of them to acquire such skill that the enjoy these occasions immensely. AJ V it . toT i f - i Never before in Briti-d- i history have so many voting men who are d been brought otherwise in the helpless state of blindtogether the and ness, problem of handling is them entirely different from that presented in a home for people who have lost their sight through disease or like causes, and new methods must be applied to meet the situation. itself is a place of St. Dun-tan- 's of historic interest. full and beauty the third Marquess of villa Once the of Hertford, the "Steyne" of Vanity Fair, it is now the London home of Otto Kahn, tho American financier, who has loaned it to the Blinded Soldiers and Sailors' Care committee, under the chairmanship of C. Arthur Pearson, widely known as a publisher and president of the National Institute for the Blind. About the fifteen acres of spacious villa aretrees and shrubbery. well kept laun3, An arm of Kegcnts' park lake runs into the grounds, thus affording facilities for boating. All this is at the disposal of the blind men and they have been surrounded by an atmosphere that is distinctly homelike. Mr. Pearson, a man of magnetic personality and the moving spjrit of the hostel, lost his sight a few years ago and the bright philosophy of life which he has developed for himself pervades the place. Mr. Pearson's theory of conductingSt. Dunstan's was expressed by him to a representative Of the Associated Press thus: "Tho main endeavor here 13 to et lAMGOLACy J Portuguese r J fzS f One of the LONDON, April lo.tragedies of the i-- irJ BELGIAN ' officers, with no chance of transports bringing home forces. The big guns from the German raider Koenigsberg are there, and a large supply of machine guns. But with native troops the obstruction is not considered formidable against the hardy South African and Boer fighters under General Smuts, along with British and Indian troops and the Belgian aud Portuguese forces on the west and south. While the stake is much more than the control of a colony, yet the colony itself is a valuable possession. When Germany entered late on the colonial field, she got only what was left the marshy, low country without ports" or political importance, except German East Africa, which by its geographical position is the key to the eastern half of the continent. It is five times as large as Great Britain, and three times as large as the Philippines, with a population of eight millions. As an asset it has not been much, costing for development about three times what it yielded, but as the keystone of Germany's colonization its political future was considered worth all the cost. It had begun to buy about $12,000,000 of Germany's industrial products a year. Like Kiau-Choas an entering wedge to China, it was the entering wedge to Africa, and a wredge driven in the psychological spot, right in the middle of the continent, splitting the vast British, colonization in two. Whatever the results of the military campaign may be, it is . recognized that military occupation is not permanent political occupation. But if military occupation once establishes an unbroken British chain from Cairo to the Cape, it will be one of the last things yielded in any future peace treaty. Outside of this territory, Africa may still be thrown in the scales of the future peace bargaining, for there is less intimate attachment to it than to home soil like Poland or Belgium. For the moment, however, attention is directed to dispossessing Germany from her commanding position midway in Africa, and in this view VICTIMS AT FAME O M . UUNSiAW'S HOSTEL i7 -- v ; but all allied. The British military campaign has just opened against German East Africa, with General Smuts, the old Boer leader, in chief command. His force is. striking from British East Atrica, lying just north or the big German colonv. His earlv movements have been back of Mombassa, where Colonel Roosevelt landed tor his African trip. He has pressed into the German territory, taking villages and some strategic hills, and reports the German forces falling 'back to the railway. One of the German developments was a little spur of railway across the northeast section of this colony, not far from Mombassa, and from the interior to the sea. Belgium Strikes Back. The Belgians have meantime developed their military campaign on the western flank of the German col ony. Prostrate as Belgium proper is, through German occupation or most of the home country, the Belgian colonv is very much alive, with ereat commercial' progress at Boma, Eliza- bethville and other centers where there is a complete administrative system. A considerable army is now strongly reinforced by Belgian forces from the Flanders front, where the British and French are considered sufficient to permit the Belgians to . . look after their colonial interest and L strike a blow at Germany where she is vulnerable in Africa. Then, finally, on the southern flank of the German colony, Portugal now enters the contest," with Portuguese East Africa one of the strongest strategic points, having the great harbor of Delagoa Bay for s transports and supplies, and railwaj-reaching inland right up to the GerWith the British man possessions. fleet guarding Portugal's home ports, her little fleet and her army are free to turn their attention to this land stand of German colonization in Africa. What military defense Germany German colony lying straight across can make on all these flanks of her eastern Africa from the ocean to the great colony is not clear. The Britcentral lakes. Once this stretch ish view is that she can make no depasses to the allies or to Britain, and fense, beyond temporary obstruction the continent of Africa will have her of forces pressing from all sides. The imperial domains pretty well estab- German military force is chiefly lished Enarland in the east from African natives, trained by German J uth- - I How .7, - SAHARA fOJ CARING FOR WA personal war as brought home to the British the hmg list of young people soldiers and tailors who have lost in the conflict. At St. their DimstaYi'n Hot I for Blinded Soldiers and Sailors there are at present about 120 .students, officer. and men. represent inr Canada, England, Australia, New Zealand and Belgium. In addition there are a number of and iv.cn in annexes at Brighton have wounds thus whose far Torquay prevented their taking :p work at St. present European war started. Germany has The strategical importance of this as breaking Ejrypt to Cane Colonv: and France in the west, from the Atlantic to the Nile, with spots of territory here and there Italian, Belgian, Portuguese g, market gardening. Virtually all of these men read and write Braille and typewrite with the ordinary machine. All are now said to be earning good incomes. There are seventy-tw- o teachers, all but twelve of them voluntary and each pupil has individual instruction. Many of the instructors themselves are blind. "The feeling of helplessness which overwhelms a strong, -- - MfM hymiwtrietlc vUWor efc- rortliiK Mlm! HoldlerM. I lper right A uroup of victim one artificial lea:; note that not yll ttlnhcartrne!'. Loner iippfornWounded Moldleri on their rijelit vh- hack from the front. Ief A nr' 4- 4- - - HtHHrf d man," said healthy, Mr. Pearson, "is incredibly relieved when he finds that the one who is to instruct him in some profitable employment is suffering from the same handicap as himself." The working day is divided between the class rooms, workshops and training schools so that each man education. All acquires an the students learn to read and write Braille, and some of them are studying, music. A number of men have learned the difficult art of reading with the finger tips in two weeks. Seventy-thre- e have passed the typemeans that they which writing test, can write a letter without mistake at a fair rate of speed. When a man passes this examination he receives a Irize of a typewriter. One of the most remarkable features of the school is the progress being made by some of the men in newly-blinde- all-rou- nd - vftt7. -- 1 |