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Show MA O A ZTKE SECTION. THE one HERALD-REPUBLICA- ou Aspect to Live? TEL IMS A WAY - iyiaiT- il ASK (UMCLE SAMsCensus Bureau Has MAGAZINE SECTION. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, SUNDAY, JULY 30, 1916. N, - MIE IF (E year in Indiana is, males less than 96, Com-pile- d 111 .. a Set of 'Life Tables ' v .. - ;. ' i ' - ' - . '' s . 1,-- females over SO. New Jersey more nearly than any ill Showing Chances of Living of Individuals at Various Ages and Under Various Conditions; Infant Mortal-it- y Still High, With Country Baby Having Better Chance of Living Than the City Baby; Average Fc male Lives Longer. Than the Male by Three Years 1 r '11 (Special Correspondence.) -- - i3.n C., July 10. WASHINGTON, D. of lif lias vonr How lonjr may you. hope to bahy? live"? Miss-Elber- little Elizabeth, 'who fair-haire- d Foudray, Professor Glover's assistant in chargo of the tio forco actually engaged in computation of life tables. I'nrle Sam. If laujrhs merrily as she makes brave efforts to walk tijKn her sturdy hi?, reaches her first birthday without mishap provided flip i a city baby she may hope to live to bp more than f7 years old. Hut if Klizalieth's parents join that forlorn army of bereaved fathers and mother they may know that their LuljyV fate i that of tour or five other tots jxt thousand of the same flp in the city. If Henry" parents live in a "rural" community he may expect to live longer than if he were a city boy. For if he reaches hi second birthday he may hope to live to be approximately t2 jears old, while but about twenty country boys er thoud sand die between their fist and years. elcven-months-o- ld possibilities of life, so far as the United States is concerned, have been issued only by insurance companies, figures consequently based almost entirely upon risks selected through medical examination. In the povern-metables results aro based upon census reports of the whole population of the area under consideration. nt That such a subject is worthy of federal study is prove) 1 by the fact that Knslaivl. France. Germany, Italy, Sweden ami other Kuropean countries such genfor many year?! have eral life tables. That the work is one which will prove of value may be expected from the fact that it touches directly upon tho present interest in infant mortality and the jreneral effort to improve public health conditions. That the work i accurate is assured by the care and time expended in its Klizabeth's cousin Sarah, provided preparation as well as in the person; is the same asr. but lives in the nel of the corps directly responsible for its publication. country, may boj to live to be G2 The single drawback exists in the years old, if she reaches one year of fact that the area under observation ace while the chances for her not is limited. A second scries of tables is cr her" first birtMay are Ie3 already under way, and because it is i the intention of the bureau to make than three- per thousand. I Silt Henrv's citv cousin Richard, of i these two series the basis of an extf:e fsmp ape, can hoi to live on an haustive comparison, it was necessary have both deal with the subject aerae of but ."l years, if he lives to similar conditions. And while under to b '1, while the chances of his not 1910 Teaching his second birthday are many states at the time of the census, on which the present series is thirty-thre- e per thousand. ' e based, had death . recristration laws, This is a fair example of what but few had those laws at the time Sam mizht tell you. This is not the testimonial of a of the 1000 census. ' fortune teller; it is a simple stateOnly those states, therefore, constiment of facts, based upon carefully tuting the original death registration are gathered statistics, scientifically com- states are considered. These Vermont. puted under the sujerviMon of one Maine, New Hampshire. Massachusetts. Ilhode Island. Conneco!" the foremost experts on the subticut. New York. Xew .Terey, Indiject in the United States. In other words, the bureau of the ana, Michicran and the District of Cocensus, department of commerce, has lumbia. It is pointed out. however, that the conditions existing in the just issued a set of life tables, a an inpublication not only unique area observation are probably counin the annals of this country's official dex to those in the rest of the documents, but one which promises to try. The idea of const ructins and results. . have such life tables was initiated In short, the census bureau lias time ( compiled a series of tables from by Dr. 'ressy L. Wilbur, at that eiiief division of, the statistician of which it is possible to determine the Tate of mortality per thousand for vital statistics, in which division the any one of several classified croups work was done. Dr. Wilbur, however, during each year of life, and to ascer- resirmed to become chief statistician tain for those surviving: each a 50 in- of the New York department of terval, the averac-- number of years health, since which time his successor, Kichard C. Lappin, has had charge of of life yet remaining. the work. A study of these tables shows As has been done in many instances, many ceneral facts of unusual interti e services of someone specially qualest : dehisrh is still ified for the particular work to be Infant mortality In this instance j ite the efforts of medical science to done- were obtained. Prof. James AY. Glover, who occupies arrest it. The country baby has a far better the ehair of mathematics and insurance at the University of Michicran. chance of life than the city baby. Girl infants show a smaller rate of was chosen to supervise the preparamortality in their first year than do tion of the life tables. Asistin him bo as was Mis Elbert ie Foudray,male infants. The life of the average female is a "sjx'cial aent" of the bureau had lnzer than that of the average male charge of the force actually encased in the computation. by approximately three years. "With but few exceptions, the, rate In addition, the Actuarial Society of mortality is lower amonsr native-bor- n of America was asked to appoint a whites than arr.enc foreicrn-bospecial census committee whose advice whites. and approval were soneht in detertables show the mining the lines alon? which the work Practically all healthiest "as?e intervals to be those should proceed. The committee was 2 and between 10-1- J years, the composed of John K. Gore, chairman; lowest rate of mortality bein? reached Robert Henderson, Arthur Hunter, for both males and females at these Emory MeCIintock and Henry Moir. One striking difference exists beeses. Table? dealing with the r.jzro pop- tween the Unitcil States life tables ulation show that the rate of mortal- and those issued by other countries, ity arcon? them is far greater than as well as those compiled by insuratr.onj whites and the expectation of ance companies. Whereas all other tables havo been intended primarily life much shorter. Great as is the death rate amone for the scientist only, those just iswhite infants, that nmor! neirro in- sued by this povernment by the addition of pccial headings and a lengthy fants is fully double. white Of all classes shown, that of explanation, have been made intellicri-bl- e to the layman, though at the same females in rural communities shows contime following the ereneral style of the the lowest rate of mortality, if sidered for the entire period of life. purely scientific works. In this way teachers, physicians,. Heretofore, tables relating to the is-rne- d ytc-on- i.-- cat-bi- - X'n-cl- ?ov-emrcc- nt far-reachi- (Q)IU pun-lishi- ng e - - m 11-1- t ns public health "officials and others interested in the improvement of the public health will find this document of value. . It is also pointed out that Bichard C. Lappin, chief statistician, bureau of the census. lawyers will be abl6 to use it advanvalutageously in connection with the ation of reversions, annuities, retire- that of all deaths occurring in this York, but her death rate is much sidered. Indiana, with 2,704,767 popue classification in the first year, nearly higher. lation, has but 820,895 people in her ment funds and pensions. cities. Also, in the matter of square month. half occur during the first j; sc jc Further proving that rural children miles Indiana is over four times tho In speaking of the tables Professor The city baby has not the same are more healthy than city babies size of Massachusetts and three-fourtGlover sail : with the lowest rate of as large as New York state. "The tables exhibit at each age, chance of life that the country La by comes Indiana con of The rate of mortality during the first any individual state amon other things, the rate of mor- has. White males in .cities die at the mortality tality per thousand, the complete ex- rate of 13,380 per 100,000 during their pectation of life in years and the av- first year, as against 10,326 per 100,-00- 0 in rural communities. That means erage annual death rate per thousand. It is believed that the population and 23 per cent fewer deaths in the counmortality statistics upon which these try than in the cities. Similar condivalues are based warrant confidence tions exist for white females. in the results. is also shown that ihe expectaIt "Much attention has been jjiven in tion of life at birth for white males recent years to the improvement of born in cities is almost .ight years Remarkable Stories Told of British and French Rank infant mortality. Owimj to the lack less than for white males born in rural and File in the Storming of Trenches on of reliable statistics on birth registra- communities. The difference in the tion in most communities it is diffi- case of females is six years less in the Somm e Front. cult to calculate the rate of mortality cities than in the country. the At durinpr the first year of life. It age of 1 a white male 'a expectation changes very rapidly, decreasing from of life is over five years greater in a monthly rate of about forty or fifty the country than in the city, and over Graphic Description of an English Captain of the Spirit per thousand in the first month of life three years greater for white females Animating the 'Neiv Army9 as the Late to four or fi.'o per thousand in the at the same age under similar condiUnits Are Called. twelfth month of life. tions. "On account of the importance of Until the of 39 the margin in this subject a separate infant mortal- favor of the age whiie male country-boBy CAPT. A. J. DAWSON. glowing tributes to the men of their ity table, appearing at the head of is over five years, while the margin of IS natural to find exaltation and command. "All soldiers could accomplish each life table, has leen constructed three 3'ears continues in favor of the IT tendency to optimistic exag- 4 In thosethat circumstances they accom which shows the rate of mortality and countrj--ijorwhite female until the geration In the mind and talk of the plished. I have been a soldier alj my other derived values by age intervals age of 40. soldier who has come unscathed life, and I can only say that the finest of one month. An examination of the soldiers in The expectation of life for all through an offensive action. All the regiment of could not the world done infant mortality tables reveals strik- males, without possibly loto color or exhilaration of the assault Is his, with- any more or any better thanhave regard men the ing and significant differences in cality, is slightly under fifty years at out the vitality-sappin- g of our service battalions did In this sufferings mortality conditions in different birth, for females in the same class which accompany the queer process we offensive." classes of the general population. The words are those of a wounded over fifty-thre- e being wounded, the process by years. White call a man is literally "knocked out" colonel just landed at Southampton. All mortality results are based upon slightly males, however, show an expectation which But the sense of them is the sense of the reported deaths of three years, of life at more than fifty years, and of the operation in hand by a projectile the verdict given by every officer who his until it traveling body stops from which an average was obtained. white females more than fifty-thre-e has landed. times the faster many than fastest Uecauso the deaths for one year years. Native-bocar ever designed. A correspondent who white males have has seen the The fine and proper exaltation of the hospital arrive with their humight be greater or less than another, an expectation of life at birth of more ships unscathed being recognized, what of man cargoes from the battlefields of this course was found advisable. The than fifty years, and native-bothe outlook and mental state of the France and has talked with many of with deal death the tables registration white females more than fifty-fou- r wounded,-noarriving here at South- the wounded men writes: states first as a whole, without re- years. The hospital trains succeed one anampton, with .the caked mud, the dried blood and the of the almost as rapidly and smoothgreat gard to sex, color or locality. Sepfatigue other, The consistent margin of about most violent sort of trench cars pick up theatregoers. as warfare motor arate tables then follow for each sex, three years in the expectation ly of life visible all over thgm! What impresses one most Is the modthan for whites aid negroes. in favor of women of all classes is of whom .those with I Many worked the cheerf ulness of every and esty nutive-born Other classifications include accounted for, in part, by the greater and shared dugouts In the identical wounded man. whites, number of violent deaths which occur lines which' their splendid, dogged whites, foreign-boA second lieutenant of an bravery, have now placed behind our Irish young whites in eities and whites in rural among men. four-fifth- s was still in his cot on of regiment front have given me full, homely de- the Nearly which tables in all of hospital communities, ship when I talked with these deaths suicides homicides and tails of the week preceding the mo- him. "Oh, I did nothing, never got the males shown ment for saw whicl them '"knocked out." separate results are accidental deaths are among men, worse said. "But the chance, luck," "Yes, that little scatch over my fore- men were fine. I'd he and females. New York, New Jersey, while the total number of violent head no luck with my me touched up, but I never knew own Massachusetts, Michigan and Indiana deaths occurring each year forms a thing platoon. We got it in the neck two about in the bullets my t are treated individually although no about 7 or 8 per cent of all reported thigh till afterwards." Many will tell enfilade , machine gun fire, we moment and out. half left the got lo. you things like that. distinction is made as to color or deaths. Our objective was this black spot on Dazed, and mortalbleeding, fainting cality, sex tnly being considered. map, 'C line of tho Boche trenches; ly athlrst, some of them lay for many my Taking the entire death registration hours. third, you see. In .that convergOthers crawled a mile or more theirfire it was just a question of time The tables are arranged according states of 1900 as a whole and showing over bullet-sweing earth and along for us, and mighty little time at that. to "a?e intervals," which start at separate results only as to the sexes, it trenches floored by The knew boys that, but they went into males corpses, themselves with unbandaged it singing like fun. birtlr and for the first year proceed js evident that nearly forty-nin- e it wounds, be, limbs may and, trailing by months, and from then to the end per thousand die during their first fractured and "The platoon was forty-fiv- e a strong of life by yearly periods, liy "age month as against more than thirty-eig- long and necessarily. very tiringThen we started, and twenty-on- e when of us jour' had to to luck the the somehow, And' second at get the interval' is meant the period of life ney. the females. then, last, landing During Boche line. were the front others Yes, at .and another stage Southampton ((between two exact acres and includes month the mortality rate for males is These assuredly are not con- hit. We started nine prisoners back all fractional ages between tho two. more than thirteen per thousand, fe- Journey. ditions calculated to produce the opcrawling for our lines, you know carried on for our objective. Results are figured upon the basis of males less than eleven timistic exaltation natural and proper and then man wanted to be first at the unEvery who wins 100.000 living births. The expectation of lite for.meles to the soldier, through ' line. I 'C have won, but one of scathed. might This number is hypothetical and as- jumps from less than fifty at birth . my chaps beat me on the post. "There and spent Well,,' days long having sumed merely for convenience. It is to more than fifty-tw- o at the end of nights among these wounded men as were only five men left and myself not intended to convey the impression the first month; for females from they arrive at Southampton from our when we got to 'C.V There were about twenty Boches in the line where we many of them from trenches struck that the entire 100,000 persons were more than fifty-thre- e at birth to trenches were which they saw my boys' till last week occupied five ' It. When born at the same instant, but merely more than fifty-fiv- e at the nd of '.he only byup Boches bayonets and my revolver over who are now dead that each of that number was kept first' month. haying" been talking with them all the what had been their parapet they just under observation from the time of At the" exact age of 2 the expecta- time, I should like to testify that, dropped their rifles and squealed for mercy. g car birth until death. By noting the num- tion of life is at its highest, being among of all these "We just rounded up those Boches Is not to it heroes find ours, possible ber of persons alive at thi age of 1 more than fifty-si- x years for men and one no matter whether hard or light- and drove them back to our own lines. was nothing else for It. A coufor women. At the ly hit possessed of the smallest trace There month, ami so on through all the age nearly fifty-nin- e of them stopped German bullets on anple of which would were mortalvalues that the derived you rate 2 of depression intervals, age intervai4be the way, as though the fire had died down the inevitable accompani- to made possible. almost nothing then, only one of my ity has dropped 2.5 per thousand for ticipate ment his of exhaustion and of his loss own five men being hit. Between the According to the census of 1910, women, the lowest point reached in blood and vitality. first and second German lines I had the the estimated population of the ten the entire range of life. "We've got 'em hoppln this time!" to find half a dozen of another luck ever saw. I "Best show wolildn't I The tables dealing with New York have missed it for the world!" original death registration states and of my company, and two of my platoon the District of Columbia was 24,131,-75- state separately show the rate of mor"Good many of us pipped, of course, own platoon, but very slightly woundSo I let our prisoners go on alone Reported deaths were: 1009, tality among males to be less than but you should see the stacks of their ed. our to lines. Then I got my new lot todead!" the thousand forty-eig353,570; 1010 377,015; 1911, 363,087. during per and we started forf'C again. nor the gether Isn't "It that count, Ordinarily the term "infant" is first month, females less tharf thirty-seve- yet the ground figures "We g'ot a rather hot fire. I was The is taken. thing meant to include the first two years of The rate of mortality for the we've tried it out, and we know we knocked clean out for a start got it but statistics available for entire first year i3 males 127, females can beat 'em now!" through my thigh here. But the boys life, being "Oh, It's great! We've sampled their were all right. I told 'em they'd get but the first year by months 'or quar- 17 per thousand. Guard. And all the glory, and wished 'em luck, and y best now; their Prussian Of all states shown separately ters, only the first twelve months we can beat their best, and they know on. they went for 'C. I was a bit queer ' are shown separately. rate. During their first year it!" . then; but after a while I felt better. above remarks I .wriggled all the way back to our It is proved conclusively that the more than 137 males die per thousand I can testify that thenot in the least line, and a stretcher" bearer got me crucial period in a baby's life is the and more than 113 females during the from my notebookonare the that there." but, contrary, exceptional; first month. Tables dealing with same time. A sergeant described the assault as of are the remarks typical they entirely e-born whites show that out of 100,-00- 0 The population of New York state that come to you from cot or stretcher a parade ground affair. In the first trenches they found the Germans d males born alive 4975, or prac- is 9,152,532, or over that of all the time the wounded are being line the'ir equipment off, and in sevwith landed. tically 5 per cent, die within tho first the entire area under consideration. I have talked eral cases with' their bayonets unfixed. wounded the Among month of life, while the rate for fe- And of that number 6,818,751 Jive in with white-haire- d commanders, and a They did not put up much of a fight,-andmale infants during the same interval cities. Massachusetts has a popula- boy of 17 who commanded a company when they saw his regiment comis under 4 er cent. The rate of mor- tion of 3,378,252, o!' which number in this advance at 16 he was wounded ing for them they ran ' out to meet in Gallipoli. The spirit Is the same in them, and asked to be taken prisoners. for the entire first years for 2,010,073 live in cities. Proportion- all;' tality all show confident, modest elation, The sergeant saw one lad, about 19 native-bor- n white males is over 12 per ately Massachusetts has as many peo- depression might so easily and so years old, who, though wounded, was cent, under 11 for females. This shows J ple living in her cities as has New naturally have been. All pay the same marching a party of twenty Germans old-asr- jSc hs 1 WOUNDED SOLDIERS SHOW HEROISM ON BATTLEFIELD m ; n long-servi- ce 1 rac-Intrimo- tor m m w m .. half-righ- -- -- pt shell-flatten- ed pain-racke- d. ht ; -- . per-thousand- , - eless-seeimn- 11-1- 0. , ht n. . Mas-talit- nativ- one-thir- , other individual state hits the average of the entire area for the rate of mortality under 1 year of age. Her death rate per thousand for males under 1 year is over 124 the rate being less than 125 for the whole area and for females over 12 the whole having a rate of less than 104. When Professor G rover called attention to the "striking and significant differences'' in some of the infant mortality tables, he was speaking first of 1 he negro tables. Whereas but 126 native-bor- n white males die per thousand during their first year, the rate for negroes is 219. And while but 104 females aamong the same white classification die during ihe first year, the negro rate is 185. Figures dealing with foreign-bor- n whites were found to be unreliable be- low the age of 5 years. Between the age of 5 and 6 years the mortality rate for males is nearly. six per thousand; females about five. Mortality rates for the same age interval for both native-bor- n white males and fe4 males are over per thousand. For the entire death registration area as a whole, for the same age interval, the rate is four and for v and females. a for four half males, In rural communities boys between 5 and years show a mortality rate of three and a half per tlTousand, girls of three and a quarter per thousand. The rate for the same age interval in the cities is males five and a half, females five and a quarter. three-quarte- rs AVE ! AN ARMY NOW, SAYS GARVIN Superb Land Force Created in Two Years and Work Shows End in Sight. II Y J. I GARVIN. Editor of the Pnll Slall Gazette. London, July 29. It Is a long way to the end. but victory is en route. In fifteen years Germany created a real fleet; in less than two years Great Britain created a real army and has become a first-clas- s military power. The kaiser's navy had but a weak minor influence on the struggle. The vast force under Gen. Sir John Haig will have a main part. Not even yet must we assume we have grasped the whole breadth and resources of British intentions or the plans of the allies aa a whole. For the moment our troops are conon the chalk tableland becentrating tween the Ancre and the Somme. There seems no reason why they should not master the whole of the most formidable but limited area. If they do they will have conquered range positions at least as strong as any possessed by the Germans throughout the entire range of the European Avar. Yet we already have smashed into the very heart of it. We are breaking down in an especially important direction obstacles at least as stiff as can ever confront us later. We have every reason to think we can do better either in the immediate operations yet, or in the sequel. It is a wonderful record, this of laet week. We now are hammering at what was originally the third line of tho multiple German system, of intrench-mentThe enemy is, of course, having plenty of time to construct mora rear lines of defense, as he doggedly withdraws. Until his total man power is much further reduced operations on all the lines In Europe bynothing a thorough break is to be expected. like But toh ave reached his third positions by successive direct assaults, driven through continuously fortified country for a depth of four miles from the starting line at the beginning of the month, is a greater achievement than the Germans have ever accomplished in an assault under western conditions since the trench warfare began. We have done what w meant to do. We thoroughly have turned against the enemy with a vengeance the other edge of his famous Verdun weapon. We have made the present chief cockpit of battle into a furnace for him, melting down his best battalions. He has replaced them, bringing on heavy reinforcements, but only to weaken hi3 lines elsewhere. Our method may be slow, but shows a sure touch. It is as deadly itas it is deliberate. It destroyed every German calculation that the kaiser and his military advisers cherished before July. The French are at a pause which will be followedsignificant in due course by more trenchant strokes In another drama of surprise. In spite of all his commitments elsewhere, the enemy still cannot bear to confess failure before German public opinion and the world. Though the siege of Verdun now has lasted nearly five months, the Germans still strain. s. UA3i ON SOAP. Commercial W. Attache Erwin Thompson, stationed at The Hague, reports that a recent law in Germany of soap prohibits the further making licensed by any except regularly The reason for this is said to be that in the modern process of soap of glycemaking important as a quantities wnereasv rin are made in domestic soap boiling the glycerin is wasted. Glycerin is an important raw material for the manufacture of explosives. back across No Man's Land. The boy enjoyed it immensely, and gave them the most detailed instructions at the top of his voice as to the way and tot mation in which they were to march. rac-tori- es. by-produ- ct, -- |