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Show THE ft iCT. SALT LAKE CITY, UTAH, SUNDAY, DECEMBER 26, 1915 IIERALD-KEPUBLICA- N, A vy v Germans Now Have Smoothly Operating Government in the Polish Capital lnvwv.T.-,v- ; Experts in Organizing and Directin g Various Municipal Administrative Departments Brought From German Provinces and Work Hand in Hand With Polish Citizens I o Retrieve Damage Done in Occupation of Capital; Efforts Centered on Good Roads, Sanita tion, Rehabilitation - Ml wv;: - l" ' ' ."TV - X -- tJt y" It !.Tv the t or.- wre. . rvot;t t in- tall if? the pfostnec of Wnrav. rf in all lY!.nd. a tit n:ot fovr rumen! that, for the ?:::.o?Ii;i r"-remarkable of it pe ration tinder the rtrran .in,"'. da after the fait of; Only a t V- - m 4 IT. U f ? t' V3'' 3 .v..o. 1'., r i"ij-rt,i- 4, ! f !.' ir Top, victorious Teutons entering t po.-.t".o- Germany. Fader Von lUsrtT .r.nr;t General Von Ftd rff a governor of the rify of Warsaw, ntft nditarv chief, and hi ieel!-nev- . them -- ndmin:tratie i v 'uAVW'V.y- - i'- - ;.sv,i f.Sp? . f i than matter. I'nder ci Police President far..!- he former ftaenapp. ht-- f , t. rharg of alt Warsaw following retreat of t sians; Teutons repairing railroad blown up by Russians are shown in the group picture to the left; t center, Polish refugees returning , home and Germans pursuing Russ i preidert of . v-- uju . thr f ttf i!.r ari'l n!u t.rs.r t!M "i i.iXiV' ' ari-- t?'-t5- M-j.- v ii X i Warw. a " irit h I'rrntv' hal"t tutn.U I4f an. K into nfi.o th! TtibrirJ. t'"v vnIfar of;. of - roa-'mtt- rSSS .4u,-25- t fell WicP t, s, . r- I i'.o! the foun.t. " tJrruui TJi tirir in I cotifit4 Iit Th"4 ri':;r.-trt!o? rrrd of ' in at 'i.'t it n ;ml rj.arttaol ,n, P..! tu fo"l nith wrrthr.i? f(jUVri- - rUv. tl: t!'-- riK!.-r-i- . Work Hand ia Kar.fi. final rrnrr.ifioa to ih Vor-rr-.itt- j . i'vj.!i-:ir- r '! d'p of a vrry clorrrntal and r.n ' "tl.in r-i Improve Road. our million l t- - i rrnfn tint. jj-,- S"t it!- f - onSv ? rir-- t 11 -- rn.t in it r't rttv.npi' Warsaw of Warsaw min aToinir- - t t to tUr Hiifijt Huior. an.t rat its -- v - . :f tt: firaLaMy la. n rxT.Ul r!4 r rri-rro- V. u . rv - . -- V: t - V'.f r..- - ;i v T, .. -iC f, - ' ; ' an,S l.'.o! ry t For ; rnr f.- -l in t .':jfhf r ii.vrr of t rrrn- - : ' a i r .I j r .... .. . V, :m - 4i f ' tw o-- arxTii o , ui be-in- i aaint 1 iff . iw m J tt W h re.1, ,7 $ . &rri rr i - -- 1 ! ? P! i d Im4 1 1 i s- -, t s T nr-liva- !. $ h:f trd Kill 6 tt--- s $ $ STFM s- nt rni-tJomr- MfeT' STl P F4"W.vWV f-e- , V-, in-hahit- att , re-fi.r.- iti .: - - - -- ' ? iS - '.! so-rall- ed v . - : .-g - - - --- re-fe.tih- fin pri-ditrtio- n x attoved teVrr. tn tl more e tiot:e nj-wr- some of ojrra. purely t'oli-- h Kpu?ar numr dtp civen. There orrTietra and, i , e i civrii tKi times a nrlt pritrtion5 Poland, a really eteelbnt a number of rsp--eiaUy- dancer. favorite ok ra ; firt-rat- a the m a Iy measure, and irt of philanthropic sd a a heritage for that it will ami in the future govern nho may thre alt arnien. arnt sometime hU t!c wtiirb thrr Poles Employed. That it ha been thoroughly done, however, i attested to by the fact that bet wren ri.tt)i) and .'ti.nno laborers have leen emptoyrd in the various ieetion of I'olar.d. Mot of these tru n are Pole, thrown out of their ordinary eeupation by a shortage of The .tagt setting and stage triaii. agernent of eaclt and every theatrical or rnu-icpri!uctiri seem t gie raw al material. children have proved themselves industrious workers for the reconstruction of Poland, while the men with few exceptions have had to be driven and have never overcome their suspicion of the Germans. This suspicion, it is assumed, is founded on generations of experience of Hussian domination. The men, rather than work, offer bribes to the German, as they ued to offer them to the Hussian, and then apjK'ar utterly dumbfounded when the bribes are t and today are living in them to a great extent. Supplied with the necessities of life by the Germans, they are cooking their meals 'in the bottom of chimneys that still stand, and slowly are building themselves new homes. In anticipation of winter the Ger- mans began cutting lumber from the Russian royal forests and delivering it to the homeless Poles. The Polish Architectural formulated society houses for plans especially designed to house Polish peasant families and with a wing in which cattle could find shelter and has supplied each homeless family with them. Several hundred have overcome their, suspicion of the Germans, partly because the house plans are promulgated by y Poles, and have erected homes of wood which are vastly more practical than their old thatched cottages. The destruction of the retreating Russians was not confined to the country villages, but included also every industrial plant in the kingdom regardless of whether it migliti be turned to military uses or not. Thus, for example, the linen factory in Zhirardow, which was valued at 5,000,000 marks and which employed some G000 Poles. The OAvnership of the factory was in Polish and German hands and in addition to the bands in the main factory, about 30,000 Poles were employed in the branches, which went out of business with the destruction of the parent concern. Combat Disease. It has taken the most strenuous efforts of German medical forces to overcome the epidemics of typhoid, smallpox, rabies and other diseases when they arrived. They had to contend not only with a shortage of medicaments, but also with the distrust of the people and a distinct opposition to vaccination that was overcome pnly with difficulty. Poland Avas immediately divided up into forty-nin- e sections, in thirty-fiv- e of' which it Avas possible to install i " w that they found prevalent in Poland l rnor-rr.rw- aw" : one-stor- U--v' yflf ; rr; .;... 1y of ror;rii t if rs Pn the thr tak tin ar.'l horr.e talion. jcovvri v ith nra kilfti:rtrr that the of on from tin Th branrh t!i;f JcrR:an have !rpartr.i'ft irflut? a Iuri;i of om-- j j.in.. Prior to the fall of Warsaw the length and breadth t! 'f of tl ' htri.t rr afn rxin;atr!y 111 kili-rt- of Throughout tnnriit affair g sand stretches ale Poland the t a !ri'a.! n f r ri- road to of Warsaw t:tri-;uf ami wood with bolstered mtt) up nnd f!..ur ! artrr r.t : a romplint pain-d- . h wt n!u-- thr KtHian cubic meter and stone 7l0,(Mn wirr. for tntanrr. riti- -- tnatrl t BrcM I.itovk. and I'hcn (approximately van!.) have been used tak- d.ar; ird that toilri tuo milense thus far in making passable toads, r to!r coTcptatnt.' inTra-'to a rn.tor; office: a ptrinary kiinirtrr' (.lilH) even in districts where no military hirli ha !:ad an :;: ih and the dif fir::Itit-- involved need for them exists. v rttv of mad ;rpv. greater uitli eaHi additional tak ir; riddi't For instance, n road 75 kilometers v. li I.n mile. dour i rrnorsttip in length has been built to the south ar;d fil: .: a Tlie Ieniam found, on their on all pta pa-- ; of Lodz, where there have been n - ailed ts! i.iU to a f' division, nlarh inijHrial armies for months, and where there whi'-Iroad-.of t!ie ditri t; an th ivere. for the tnot i no immediate projeet of a need a division and From th of tirrat. part, strip i for giHwl roads from a military standt; tivr f fi'ri,r whirli or sn!i of thetn a The work continues;, and a f l learned that tn.xe. for point. firm an rridrnt of Warsaw nliart between the edd and new contrast r of t! e thoroughfare Iiad order of things easily obtainable in intrmrd in Silwria and the i;; u eolhetid over and over and the course of a ride outside of Lodz Prcd.cc IJatiTC Plays. spent for the purpose intended. gives a glimpse of the constructive for th firt tin t in npprin;atcty A second r!a- the of roads, Potr no'-efforts of the German. hundrrd tear thr aire f.ri all streets. v,cre government The Polish population in general native prtnitlrd to prodnrr thrir a All were in. sorts hie. three hut has proven thankful for what has pa Warsaw and nntiKu,tan p!a . ettt ly trenelirs and been accomplished, additionally so torn shelN, by an Hirudin:: ha thratrr. today of its men and rrjnninir full t!at. Kadi rutted by Ioth Ilussian an.t (iennan because thousand lion', opfra t'ottnd for the front. wacou i t?i received have t women tu"!it aftir The dor employment in prkrd (iertr.an in charge of road the reconstruction of the Polish nik'Ht. partly vit!i tirrrnan officer etaim that they never tiave roads and have in this way been and otdtcr for the ni.t part with had any word as to the ultimate in- saved from the starvation that otherPohv. tention of their government with i wise stared them in the face. V, alt mean the rr.ot ioputar t IMund: that their work has i a t lav It is jKMmliar that the won. en, to shorr purirtif on oi ani minniuu than the men. have done the tho don ina-- 1 Coi;o rather tlie cnifltie attendirirrtsjeeuy tiori iff Poland by t.;e ilass'tam. It to annex the ancient kingdom; that most toward rehabilitating their own historically old, hut never ha been the work ha been done purely a a country. The women and grown - . 1 - .1;- that the ror t't. u !. nrr rut ,. i ro! ' l-- - ....; .... - ttn-t- r th nn-l- a s that in-- i. r lr ran at mor' 5.ir.fn trrvat-- . au.l whi'I han t n all tut rk , r r.j ,v artiUrn tin ami by the tianj ..rtal ton of :.: jiin, an;fimni- ; lltu of trmt 'rt th onlty th "'n for r'utritv an.! Lnfwrr:.ir-k- t " an.t n J Prw tliHrtnrIf. ' !r. d t ork t;ant in t;ant jhatf l:ar an4 Urnnan-tiin'nr.ttrr. t?at with if. It'it rrin rharrr of t'.t rol roMm. Ita tvf tE.tr..S in rr.n-trtrti- r'rrit .. - ;it!,T- f '1 ; unmolested because sian rather than Polish. The Germans np to date have been able to investigate only a part of the territory evacuated by the Russians. They fear that the estimates of many hundreds of thousands of fugitives who now are homeless will mount into the millions eventually.- The investi gations show that not only the houses along the regular line's of retreat Avere destroyed, but also that rtty rtuir if orr rtort in atlrninisttattve In aiMitton triTr nrr. tn t!.'prtnirnf. any nunff- nh,. arr cx,fTt n m-- ' -- N of j !!-- k hey were Rus- f rnntt-!"- VrxW, " fx t VV2, at all. The inhabitants maintain ducted trench warfare. In the lack of that their immunity "was purchased houses, the Poles sought the trenches with roubles, or that they were left and bomb-proshelters as homes, Snliru. t'orT!!T P-Im- - . J I hsrn fall Fpn the burden of tttl work, tie practical administration of th city and it uburf. Hi firt aide U MaVor t' ' Krt--- ' Rus- - with Red Crpss dogs. Below is shown one of the streets of War- ! saw and the beautiful church of j St. Anne; at the top, right, is shown the effect of the German bombardment on a church in the J suburbs of Warsaw. n rvert )ih military the f irt under authoritv. jtnd riil ..' Von the fifrrtio,i F.tdorff, the i'ofogne. second under ffit-t4 I f t infinitely' r- greater than the emperor a.- - i 1 fe' the juiprem - rin rti. he wtth thorny, Krir. l K t t n-- H-- -t relation MX' - i lit-srt- of ooo (V) Waoaw it wa aruiunted ttutt Gen-- i trr had h? aj p.mted rr.it v n the rttv.f oufy geneiat. cv'r:ir tf'." but o" vvcr,ty ditri't ro;uprimg Von LiV !iit"mrtrr. ftutr' m- i not .accepted and they are confronted with the alternative of working or starving. Food and Shelter. With their arrival in Warsaw, the Germans found that they not only had to support their own huge armies, but had also to provide food and shelter for an enormous number of Poles who had been driven away from their home, and then later had been sent back. to villages burned to the ground, villages in which there remained no single house standing, not one head of cattle and not one bushel of grain. That the extent of the damage might be correctly estimated, a special department to investigate the destruction was formed at once, and officers began tours of. the country districts to see how, great the needs of the returning inhabitants might be. They reported that the Russians not only had burned up all existing food i supplies, but empty barns that were to house the unharvested crops. Cat tie packed into freight trains had been destroyed by sending the trains over destroyed bridges into the rivers. In individual eases special tracks had been laid, down which the cars were rolled to the water's edge. Bands of Russian soldiers, the investigators claim, went systematically through each village that was to be abandoned, squirted petroleum over each house, and then set in flames. Between 3000 and 4000 villages were destroyed in this way, their inhabitants being forced under penalty of death to flee to the east. Saved by Bribery. Bribery played a not unimportant part in the retreat, it is claimed. As conspicuous examples, there stand, here and there throughout Poland, lone houses that have not suffered tbe-tow- villages far removed from the main roads were ravaged also. The only exceptions are the comparatively infrequent colonies of Russians, as differentiated from Poles. In thousands the inhabitants were driven eastward, but when the German pursuit became too hot, the civilians including old men and women were ruthlessly turned to one side of the road and then ordered to go back in the hope that ,they would east-we- st obstruct Germans. By tens of thousands the men and women who had been torn from their homes died as they returned. Their graves line miles of the road in Poland. One German officer counted 927 civilian graves that bordered a single thoroughfare' within a space of twenty kilometers. Eventually the refugees returned to the places where, for months, the Germans and the Russians had con German physicians and additional doctors are being brought in as fast as possible. The first duty Avas to establish sanitary conditions. With but feAV exceptions the cities and toAvns had never heard of a drainage system. , The streets Ave re disease breeders and the public convenience stations Avere' dangerous in the highest degree. In many places, including Lodz, with its 400,000 inhabitants, the. public Avas dependent for Avater on Avells that were spreaders of dis0 ease. Seven thousand of Lodz's wells have been examined and purified and the balance will be fit for use AA'ithin a few Aveeks. Much to the astonishment of the Polish population and not without opposition the official notification of disease was required, especiall in the prisons, the hospitals and other pub-li- e institutions where the Germans found cholera, typhoid and typhus rife. The opposition to these measures was such that it Avas necessary to lay down seArere penalties for 10.-00- fail-CC- tinned on Following 'n e a on |