OCR Text |
Show THE MURRAY EAGLE, MURRAY, UTAH Ten Per Cent of Army Veterans Want to Be Farmers; Seven Per Cent Hope to Start Small Businesses Plans Reorganization Of Labor Department New Secretary Undertakes Task to Knit Activities of Over 20 Agencies; Seeks n Row. To Avert e A'ph'J Analyst and Commentator, extra-curricul- i ... t' jL V i, KLmt JL . &f v- - 1 i' i Secretary Schwellenbach man's desk by the first of Septem- they get back home." Another 20 per cent have made tentative plans for their postwar work. A survey by the research branch of the Information and education division of the army shows that: Fifty-twper cent, roughly 4,000,000 men, plan to work for salary and wages; Seven per cent, or about a half million men, intend to go into small businesses, retail and service trades mostly, for themselves. Ten per cent, or- more than "50,000 men, plan to operate ber. Reorganization Toachy Problem The next step would logically be an executive order from the President embodying the Schwellenbach report to make the suggested changes. With his war powers, the President wouldn't have to ask the pleasure of congress. But President Truman doesn't want the changes he makes to be temporary affairs. Like every other president since Grover Cleveland, he has requested powers to reorganize the government and never has congress offered a Such a bill is pending in congress now. However, if the suggestions made by Secretary Schwellenbach were considered reasonable, they might be put into a bill and passed. In any case they will probably be presented before the other measure authorizing wider presidential authority Is considered. In the meantime, labor itself is tending to cloud the atmosphere insofar ns acceptance of any efforts to restore full, free, collective bargaining, which the pledge and various wartime restrictions have virtually suspended.'' The public is getting very Irritated with violations of the pledge and what many feci to be union demands which, whether or not they appear fair as between labor and management, do not take the consumer into consideration. Much of the antagonism is due to the feeling of the men who resented strikes while they were In the service. Schwellenbach managed to smooth out one of the toughest veterans versus unions troubles the country ever witnessed back in his home state of Washington after the last war. He admits there Is no doubt that such antagonism exists now. "We may as well face It," he says. Dut he thinks he can handle it One habit which Schwellenbach wants to break up. and it is assumed the President wants him to brek up.-thaving labor disputes leap-froright into the lap of the carte-blanch- e d e r.ccd t be tampeff-- ! w;!h TVn wmt ahead As thi V- tis rerort u written it is of the crew a ilm.lrr f that f it y vrttiga ,f i' ; activities r f(,.n. a pletrl ,..n so te laid m P'rtr-- i Tm- report extra-mura- B A B BS recent phot er?(h n MahrVi a G I. fraUrnirjr.g" and t,ow,j-.talking to a cute trundle was tcal'y made In England A When Prime Mini stir Au'.ee was In &an Pram isio an friend he knew In England years ago Invited, him to dinner. There was no maid and AUlee belped the wife the diahvs wi White House. 600,-00- agencies dealing per-sonn- Schwi-llcnhac- 1 .in i. ,1.. up to J ininr- urranmcrt is k af;er labor Intersi.rpmrd ests and what Judge Sihwrllr-nb.icis shooting Rt is to have it operate !th tie Impartiality of a court I' it M chief c ncern row U it cot-S- ' l date un ier one brad all govern-rrrn- l activities to tit or. by , nu k ha fie no, - s I J V.J n FROM SOUTH ... sc-rte- 0 S0UTHvVV T(f tSTHIBUT ton Of HEW PtsnHug TO FUN government, and the five years immediately following the war are expected to see more than a million and a quarter jobs opening in this field. Favorable employment opportunities and special considerations for veterans are expected to draw probably 10 per cent of the 52 per cent who plan to work for wages and salaries, into this federal, state and local government field. Many Returning to School. Veterans counting on going back e to school after the war is nearing the 600,000 mark. That most of these will enter college is indicated from the fact that more than 9 in 10 are high school The army points out graduates. that this war has brought about the first large decrease in college enrollment since the turn of the cenenrolltury and that ments in colleges and universities dropped 44 per cant after the first two years of war. Civilian college and university students in 1943 numbered smaller than 20 years ago. The deficit of college trained men, particularly acute In the liberal arts and teaching fields, will continue to accumulate as the war goes on. In view of these facts, it is interesting to note that the two most popular courses picked out by servicemen are engineering and architecture, and the liberal arts and sciences. full-tim- y Engineering Most Popular. Other courses mentioned Include business administration, medicine and dentistry, agriculture, law, education, journalism and theIn general about one man ology. In five Is considering courses of study which can be classified as liberal arts and sciences, and the remainder are thinking in terms of professional and technical special!-ration- , with engineering leading the pre-medl- field. Another point of particular significance is that this school course will take these men out of the labor market, about half a million of them. Dut the same thing cannot be true of another large group, about 18 per cent additional, or about 1,300,000, who plan to attend part-timschool, that Is work and go to school at the same time. Three-fourthof these students desire trade and business school courses. These also arc In an older group and about one third are mar ried. There Is one more section of veterans which the survey classified. These were a group of about 3 per cent, about 223.O00 who said they definitely plan to stay In the army. Up to more than 10 per cent who would consider under certain specific conditions. Two major considerations which will govera the actions of this segment are ll the terms under which mcnts will he offered. Including re tent, on of rank, choice of service, duration of enlistment and opportunity for cnmmUsinn. and 2 the kind and opportunities Mr civilian Jo! s which will be available after the war. full-tim- e e s ruu-TlK- (Percent of ten with definite pirns) festl El pia sjwp , us asjin C rcit,t r i,i C.strsl r nam. STflBlug Made fash-onab- from Premium Groins w "''"WsConiFUkni. cnu.itohua st IU1 friar """IXnlii'Scp to L, 1 lil.ctloi after tie Bevin Union Boss. Ernie Bevin is a union boss. He hates dictatorships but is a dictator in his own union, the giant transport workers. . . . Bevin runs his own union like John L. Lewis runs the mine workers. . . . Outside his union, however, Bevln's labor practices are more like those of Sidney Hillman and He believes Phillip Murray. In negotiation rather than strikes. Bevin took a bad trouncing from Winston Churchill in 1926. has never minister. It forgiven the was Bevin who called the 1926 gen-erstrike In England, a strike which Churchill dealt a shattering blow. . . . Bevin is a forthright was against Hitler. Mussolini and the Cliveden set from their Inception, was responsible for the lough - minded position his party look internationally from 1933 to the outbreak of war. As leader of the transport workers. Bevin controls considerable of the Labor party, is rough on his enemies, gruff with his friends, losses his patience frequently. To get feminine support, the government will lean heavily on a n fiery labor M P., Wilkinson. . . . Miss Wilkinson Is at home in a fight, knows the world, has contempt for Britain's colonial policies, is a scrapper from the word go. . . . She knows about riots and bloodshed first hand, was In the thick of the black and tan trouble In Ireland, even led hunger marchers on London during the depression. . . . Miss Wilkinson lives In the Bohemian Bloomsbury of London surrounded by poets, painters, actors and writers; has persuaded many of them to pitch Into labor's fight. . . . Blunt and forthright. Miss Wilkinson was the first member of parliament to defend King Edward's marrying Amer-Ics- n bom Wallis Simpson. In one speech she said. "We say that If a woman is good enough to be a man's wife, she Is good enough to take her side by him as his equal In whatever rank of life Intended." hard-heade- ... Art mi mi SNAPPY FACTS A RUBBER d Ttra conservation liln on th fighting fronti, W Winnina slogan la mJ conducted by Slon J Stripes, Army newipopr, J "Bring victory, end tbi iti conserve tires dor f night." ... A new highly moneuwobew bot vehicle called rhe"SnilW wet tirei four feet high Lsc required for one nidi tn km' olent to five pauenger tiro, e B. f, d anti-Fasci- 6m ... new-labo- It buiUiii Goodrich new $1,300,000 rewertkl oratory located et lna vibe ville, a century-olbetween Akron end 04 land, Ohio. r Ei-le- sec-tio- Ills n ... Another powerful figure In the will be tall, sparse hard headed Arlhur Green od, recently minister of poMwar reconstruction. . . . Greenwood was responsible for what little slum clearance the MacDonald government underA member of Church-Iltook. l s cabinet. Greenwood never was known as a radlral or a great liberal. U seasoned bureaucrat, know hi, mty irogm government, U an able Ulker. CAt n At. C Nelson Rockefeller recently asked for an anointment with Cordrll Hull but Hull refused to see him Hull Is a t.ttpr rr.der regarding Argentina, and it was Rockefeller who largely pavrd tie way Argon-tin- e recognition. C Mrs "Hope Diamond" McLean. moUirr-llaw of Sen. Uob Rev.,.M om the Srr,t,s Hm have tern rapo.in. , play for new menin, .,f ih. Tru man cabinet Cf ihrm teen inveigled ,n,0 hrr d ttxt room. new Attlee government ... mm " v s ' n n dud ir m fViiiYA SJ. "" roii'rnV " e ' niMre IM B , Uti'f afVf rt r tn 1. Not elilT. a. ftel f t ;"' d tt fr yJ :6i: Komi -- behind-the-scene- full-tim- EtOtOHU - JRITISH LABOR PERSONALITIES Britain's Labor party which swept ;hurchill out of office is a strange the liberal resembles nixture, jranch of the Democratic party nore than any Socialist movement. It has its liberal and its conserva-dv- e wings, has had no labor xoubles similar to ours during the past decade. Clement Attlee, Britain's new prime minister, is a poor man. . . . 3e was little known among the people of England until 1935 jvhen his salary was raised to 2,000 pounds a year. . . . After getting Ills pay boost, Mrs. Attlee was able :o venture into society for the first Jme, was able to start playing golf, lire enough help to keep her home going. . . . Attlee likes to putter in ais garden, do odd jobs around the house, constantly puffs a pipe, is a jharp contrast to fiery, charming Ramsey MacDonald, England's last Labor prime minister. . . . Att-:e- e is no forthright leader, is :onsidered more of an impartial .Tiiddle man, will have all he can io to keep peace within his own widely split party. Attlee's greatest rivals for power Inside the party are paunchy, jovial Herbert Morrison and testy Ernest Bevin. . . . Morrison lost his right eye when ie was three days old, has had "leftish" outlook ever since. . . . to Morrison has played runner-u- p Attlee In many elections, carries on s constant warfare with Bevin. . . . Bevin had the same war job which Sidney Hillman took Dver in the OPM after Pearl Harborhandling labor relations. However, Bevin made a better go of it, fought grimly and successfully for better rations for workers. . . . Morrison is a cockney, has a spry sense jf humor, likes to dance, is head of the Labor party in politically potent London. He is also a man of daring, aad the ancient tradition-encruste- d Waterloo bridge torn down because he found it unserviceable, afterward had traffic rolling more smoothly through the center of London. . . . Morrison is a hard ruler. hard-heade- ... j . 3eep-voice- I inn - FROM NORTH i 0, problem may be had by a further analysis of the intentions of these men definitely planning to farm. In the first place, the survey makes it clear that a much larger proportion of the men want to become farm operators, by either buying or renting, than were farm operators before the war. A majority say they can count on returning to a tract of land which they or their families" own or they already have in mind a specific piece of land they expect to buy or rent However, one out of every three indicate they will need to locate a farm to rent or buy after leaving Young Men Going West. The great majority plan to mi- the army. So if the plans of all these prograte to the Far West. Among the Negroes, the greater shift is from spective farmers materialize, there the South to the northeastern states. will be thousands of veterans lookIf the Indicated shifts materialize ing for farms in the postwar period among these returning servicemen . . . and they very well may come they may happen as follows: up against a shortage of good land, 1. A rapid expansion to the Pawhich may, too. be selling at much cific coast states. higher prices than before the war. 2. but on a much So there is fear on the part of the smaller scale into thr Industrialized army that many of these men may east north central states. be forced to settle on cheaper 3. No net movement, o balland. ancing out-g- o In the New England, The army points out that relief middle Atlantic and mountain would be possible on this score if states, and, large sections of public domain or 4. A heavy from reclaimed land becomes available. the highly agricultural areas run- About one out of six veterans said ning from the west north central they would be willing to move on states through the entire tier of such tracts of land. southern states. The same thing is true with reIf the plans for 7 per cent of our to the n spect as soldiers to enter business for themwith the prospective business man selves materialize, It means crea. . . most of them are thinking of tion of a little more than a half milinvesting sums ranging up to $4,000. lion new firms In the small busiThis may be compared with the deness field, or Just about the number of which went out of business In the partment agriculture estimates of $5,000 to $3,000 as the average cost two-ye- a period following Tearl of the family sized farm, not countHarbor. A great majority of these, ing tools, equipment, livenecessary 52 about per cent, will enter the etc. So these prospective retail trade . . . radio stores, filling stock, farmers will also need financial stations, shoes, hardware and genHow many will actually end eral merchandise outlets. About 18 help.on the farm will depend on this up cent to plan per go Into the service aid. and on the comparative opporfields. 9 per cent Into wholesale and small manufacturing, 8 per cent tunities offered by Industry and agintu transportation and public utili-tic- s. riculture after the war. In conjunction with the American 6 per cent Into construction, the other 9 per cent being spread Historical association, the Armed Forces Institute has prepared a over all other Industries. Of the three quarters of a million booklet entitled "Shall I Take Up men who plan to take up farming Farming?" which Is available at the either as owners or farm workers, Government Printing Office. Washthe survey shows that 9 out of 10 ington 2S, D. C. Most Will Work for Wages. have had at lenst a year or more of Of course by far the greatest segfarming behind them. Only about 2 per cent have had no farm-in- g ment of the armed forces plan to experience at all. Even the men work for wages on their return. Two with relatively vague plans for aspects of the plans of these four farming have had considerable pre- million men are noteworthy. First vious farming experience. One out only one third of the white enlisted of f.uir of those who seriously plan men who were employees before t.i farm, already owrs a farm. These Induction and plan to be employees men are the least Inclined to miafter the war. definitely expect to grate, this sutvey shows, and the to back to their former employers. great majority of the prospective Anothrr one third say they may refarmers plan to return to the same turn, but are not sure. This lenves region from wMch they entered the another million men who will either army. Ity and large, they expect to migrate and move to other Jobs or go back to the same type of farmwho have learned new trades anj ing with which they are familiar. expect to do different work. These three quarters of a million As a matter of fact the tendency men who plan farming as a career, among a large percentage cf these are. roughly finiivalont to the total servicemen is to aspire for work who were farming just prior M In- calling for a higher Icvrl of skill anl duction, although Induction records in general, the proportion who plan show that more than a million and a to pursue ji cir prewar occupations half n en have been taken from the declines as one proceeds along the . 'arms. These, however, tncludrd occupational Five per cent of Canada f uteris to get me-rof India's tra le than the United Ma'rs because it will keep Its piite fl,t1. trols on longer yan Wf , had the pleasure f making tv. 1 hilologit al te.!ict;os p, tie war which can e true: the ,,i,'uon to readers' and listeners' vocabularies of Vh words "infiltrate" in tbe rnili and "rnkiloyment." 'any MEN Of ALL WHITE MIGRANTS) i r sssi farmer-servicema- ith labor will continue. The United h.-v- i v WHITE. ENLISTED OF , i In-g- Vowt Impartial Labor Department al . i two-third- V-- quasi-Judici- REPRESENTS PERCENTAGE full-tim- old-lin- States Employment service and the apprenticeship and training program are now part of the War Manpower commission. Social security Is run by the social security board. If the movement to create a new department of welfare succeeds, this new set up might conceivably absorb social security and also the children's bureau, now under the la bor department The National Labor Relations Board, which administers its functions under the Wagner e act, now independent, would Its "housekeeping" done by the Is, its financing, and such matters would be under the secretary cf labor. Since has been In office he has talked to a whole string of labor men and a whole string of management men. too, "I an not a labor officii." he tuyt. "I am a public official." That trctty well sets up his p. lion and, as 1 paid, it m.ikn Ms Job, so far as the lobbies .f labor nJ management go, nUnA as thankless as the I at era f Hercules. CVrgrr?a at. . f. i Eight per cent, or about plan to go to school. The remainder have made only tentative decisions or are undecided. The army, however, points out that at least three factors must be taken into consideration in Interpreting the results of the survey: (1) the length of the war; (2) economic opportunity after demobilization; (3) an increasing percentage may e seriously consider attending school, opening a business or buying a farm under G.I. Bill of Rights provisions. One interesting feature of this survey reveals that 80 per cent of the white enlisted men plan to return to the states in which they lived before entering the service. This leaves 20 per cent who may migrate to another section of the country. As a matter of fact, 10 per cent, or about 750,000 men, definitely anticipate moving to another state, the other 10 per cent being still undecided. This ratio is heavier In the Negro enlisted personnel where only s about expect to go back to the same state in which they resided in civilian life. s Other separate (WIDTH MIGRATION PATTERN P0ST-W4- OF BAR farms; labor department officials used to writhe every time a long, hot telegram went out such as some of those addressed to John Lewis while the coal strike was going on, which were signed by President Roosevelt, but dictated by the War Labor board, which labor and management had snubbed. These felt that many of the questions could have been settled with the machinery which already existed within the department Of course, the War Labor board, which has had all the tasks complicated by the war to perform, will die with J Day. w EXPECTED - e Some of the this group definitely plans to seek The federal governmental jobs. government now is by far the largest employer In the country and the monthly report of the Civil Service commission as of May 1, the latest report shows paid employment in continental United States totaled 2,897,0?7, of which 2,001,186 were in the war agencies. Of this number, only 252.054 are in Washington. While war cutbacks are expected to decrease this number somewhat, government work is expected to maintain the upward trend which has prevailed since the last war. State and local governments normally employ more than twice as many persons as does the federal o g him for spite. It was given to him by his old friend, Harry Truman, because the Trcsident believed that, like Hercules. Schwellenbach could deliver. He was a popular, hardworking senator. He was a popular, hardworking Judge. The requests of goddesses and presidents are commands, so the judge laid aside his robe, rolled up his sleeves and started In. The first thing he found out when he reached the palatial "stables" on Constitution avenue was that taking care of administrative matters would keep any labor secretary as busy as Augeas should have been with his S,000 oxen. No wonder nobody quite dared to try to corral the agencies, rightly undrr the authority of the department. To administer them would under the present setup be an Impossible Job. And so they grew up with their own public relations departments, their own statistical services and legal advisors, separate entities all going their own sweet, tf sometimes conflicting, way. So Die first thing that Frhwellen-bac- h did w as to get together a small group who knew the department, who knew organisation and who knew Washington, to find out if something couldn't le dre to knit the f irrtmns of the department more cloudy tcgrthrr so the head man wouldn't have to sign all the travel orders and decide whether there wi enough Ice tn the Iced tea In t'e cafeteria; and attend to other trivia which might tetter te delegated This wns the first step In prcpar-ln- g the old home to !orb Us prodigal children. When tie new secretary arrived In Ms patini-len!?,ee, he culled the at.-t-t rf tre Opart-vm- t t'Celhrr a- -d Mil he knew 1hM everyone sgrrrd th,u had to be a rcorg.iMraHcn and that each division bead sNn prol-allacrced that his own group didn't ' Not Room for All on Land. According to the army, the chances are that the nation's farms will not be able to absorb all of the men planning to return to them, in spite of the current shortage of a million farm workers. The army says that rural areas normally produce more young men and women than can be efficiently utilized on the farm. The problem may very well become acute considering the wartime increase In farm production achieved by more efficient use of labor on fewer farms. A little more perspective on the By WALTER A. SHEAD WNU Washington Correspondent Seventy-fivper cent of the ofmen in the Unitenlisted ficers and ed States army have definite ideas about what they intend to do "when By BAUKIIAGE tember 1. I refer to Secretary Schwellen-bach- , whose assignment is to put the department of labor In order. He isn't going to have to do much cleaning out, but he has been tidying up so that he can bring back tinder his aegis most of a score of prodigal agencies, all having to do with labor, which sre scattered all over the District of Columbia and points fiorth and west. Most of the labors of Hercules were decidedly thankless ones and were given him for spite because hij stepmother, Juno, didn't like her children. husband's Schwcllenbach's job is thankless but It wasn't given to enough, ers. Going to School 8 Vet-Unio- WNU Service, Union Trust Huildlng, Washington, I). C. Hercules Just one day to took It clean the stables where one wealthy but not too sanitary man had kept 10,0()0 oxen. At least that Is the way I heard it at my father's knee. Since my father pioneered in Washington state in the early '90s, I wish he were here now to witness another Wnshingtonian doing a Herculean Job which he hopes to finish by Sep- who were In school and were not classed actually as farm- fann youths Half Will Work for Wages Once More; k. Al r Jr-- 1 i t. ( y tPfMrt.''"-,'",- L , YODOIiili DEODORANT CM " |