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Show UTAH EMERY COUNTY PROGRESS- - CASTLE PALS, Comes New Enthusiasm usy WoocpecKens By CHERIE NICHOLAS rO - v National Topics Interpreted bv William Bruckart J i' ..... A Woodpecker's Tongue .y National Pr)rel Washington. 1. C-- Geographic 8oclety. Bervlott. have recently the dark, SCIENTISTS of Haiti a species, of woodpecker which builds Us own apartment house. They reported seeing a dozen pairs of woodpeckers going In and out of nests In a single dead tree trunk. There are few birds that so satisfactorily reveal their family connection as do the woodpecker. The beginner in bird study may learn that the meadowlark belongs to the family "Icteridae" but he may be excused If he does not learn at once that the bobolink, the oriole, and the blackbird, all strikingly different In habits and color, belong to the same family. He may study the wood thrush, and be surprised to find later that the robin and the bluebird bear to it a close family relationship. But if he becomes thoroughly familiar with the appearance and activities of just one woodpecker, he will thereafter be able to recognize at once any other member of the family "I'lcidae" which he may encounter. Woodpeckers are of wide distribution. They Inhabit all the countries of the globe except Madagascar and the Australian region. More than four hundred species are known, and many geographical races of these have been described. In North America the family Is represented by ten genera, classified into 22 species, several of which In turn are divided into subspecies or geographical races. In all, 64 kinds of woodpeckers are recognized in continental United States, Canada and I'aja California. Sensible and Busy Birds. Woodpeckers give the Impression of being practical, sensible birds. Under ordinary "circumstances, they do not show a hysterical fear of man; they are wary, but do not let that interfere with their work. They are very busy birds and most or tne time are absorbed In climbing about tree trunks and limbs. They get along together fairly well. One sees few serious combats among them. They do not possess the stately dignity of the heron, the singing powers of the thrush, or the graceful flight of the swallow. Woodpeckers do not stir the Imagination to thoughts of distant lands, as does the wild goose when far overland we see him leading his flock toward the frozen pole. The woodpeckers are known rather as hardworking, substantial citizens of the bird world, rendering service which could ill be spared. These birds possess highly specialized equipment for their business of getting a living. They are the only birds In our country that can dig holes in solid trees. As a group they pass most of their days pecking decayed trees or stumps for ants or the larvae beetles. of No other bird leaves behind such striking evidence of its presence. A hundred thousand warblers may migrate through a small region, and many may remain for the summer and rear their young. When they have gone, little sign of their former presence Is left behind; but a half dozen woodpeckers in the same community will leave very definite evidence of their occupancy. Numerous holes In dead trees, with here and there an entrance to a nesting cavity, will all bear convincing testimony that these birds have been in the forests and the orchards of the neighborhood. Woodpeckers nest In hollows which they dig in trees, and all of them lay white eggs on a bed of fine chips at the bottom of the cavities. Their toes usually number four, two of them pointing forward and the others backward. This arrangement enables the birds to grasp firmly the side of a tree, and especially is this the case when they brace themselves with their twelve long, stiff tall feathers. One Kind Goes After Sap. The sapsucker, (a species of woodpecker), is looked upon with serious disfavor by foresters and orchardists, some variety of It being found in nearly every part of the country. This dislike arises from its universal custom of pecking holes in live trees. The bird does this chiefly to get the sap which flows upward through the soft cambium, lying Just beneath the bast, or Inner bark, and It also eats the cambium and bast To get this food the sapsucker drills holes in rings around the tree, or, at times, in rows on the trunk, or along a limb. As the sap collects In the openings, it Is consumed by the bird until the little springs begin to fail, when another series of holes Is made near the first one. Thus the work continues, until large areas of the tree may be covered with these perforations. The sapsucker will take the sap of maple, mountain ash, pear, plum, apple, cherry, oak, peach, spruce, aud d Hi wood-borin- g Is a Concealed Spear. ironwood trees, and of almost all species of pines, firs, hemlocks, cedars, cypress or cottonwoods. In the northern forests, where many sapsuckers spend the summer, numerous birch trees are killed annually by them. In the Northwest, where at times sapsuckers are usually plentiful, whole apple orchards have been destroyed. rn some trees, such as maples, walnuts, and hickories, their holes often pierce the sap wood beneath the cambium. In the subsequent growth of the trees, these wounds sometimes wood well cause curly or bird's-eyknown to lumbermen. More often, however, this exposure of the wood allows Insects, fungi, or bacteria to enter. These cause blemishes or decayed areas, which reduce in value the lum-- 1 ber which later may be cut from the tree. About the rings of holes made by these birds In locusts and sycamores, shoots often sprout from adventitious buds, and thus the symmetry of the tree Is marred. Not only are hundreds of thousands of trees injured by sapsuckers, but a considerable proportion of those that are attacked die either the same year or subsequently. The woodpeckers do not confine their attentions wholly to trees. They make their explorations for sap through the bark of various large vines, such, for example, as the Virginia creeper, poison ivy, rattan, and trumpet creeper. Close about the nesting tree of the sapsucker there are various trees where the old birds go for their sap, and where they take their young when they leave the nest. Here the family spends the summer with an abundance of normal food supply at hand. At this season they eat also ants, flies, beetles, and various other insects which are drawn to the flowing springs of sweet sap. Other woodpeckers come to these little fountains, as well as humming birds, warblers, and at times red squirrels. Flicker Is the Best Known. Among the woodpeckers the flicker is a bird of distinctive personality, and It attracts universal attention. Undoubtedly It Is known to far more people than are the other woodpeckers. Its local names are numerous. "Wilkrissen," "yucker bird," "golden-winge- d " woodpecker," "pigeon woodpecker" and "yellow-hammer- " are some of them. Of late years the custom has developed of adopting a "state bird." Already choice has been made by the organizations of 43 states, and in Alabama, not long ago, the question of which bird should be chosen created hot discussion. In the end the was decided upon. The fight for Its name was led by a women's patriotic organization, members of which called attention to the historic fact that a company of Alabama youths had placed the bird's feathers in their caps and, designating them" selves had marched away, singing, to the Civil war. The woodpeckers and others of the family will now and then dart down to a road or to the lawn to capture an Insect, or to pick up an acorn, but when the flicker drops to the ground he remains there for some time, often until frightened away. In the woods, the field, or the garden, one e "high-holder,- "yellow-h- ammer" "yellow-hammers,- d n ay come upon him hopping awkwardl- y through the grass. foy His chief Interest at such times is ants, wi':h constitute 50 per cent of h;s food. He secures them by use of his remarkable tongue, which can be thrust outward two and a half Inches or more beyond the end of the bill. His tongue is at all times covered with a sticky saliva, which catches and holds the ants as they rush forward to attack what appears to be a long worm that has crawled across their path or entered their burrow. This tongue is a very wonderful organ. In the mouth it branches, and the two horns pass up the rear of the skull. On top they meet, and close together the two parts run forward and downward over the right eye to the nostril, which they enter, and extend onward to the end of the bilL How They Feed Their Young. Like other woodpeckers, these birds feed their young by regurgitation. When the little ones are old enough to come to the mouth of the nesting hole to be fed, this operation may often be observed. The parent puts Its bill into the mouth of a nestling, and repeatedly stabs downward In a most alarming manner. Some flickers have the curious habit of continuing to lay an egg dally If, before the clutch Is completed, all the eggs except one are taken. Being careful always to leave one nest egg, Joseph Arnifield, of Greensboro, N. C, was the cause of one of these birds laying 32 eggs In 35 days. Ordinarily, a flicker lays four or five eggs. Washington. Congress is showing every sign of wanting to be good boys and girls and play Now Ready ball with President lt V sevelt. to Be Good peared when congress decided to slap the President in the face by overriding his veto of the veterans' compensation and government employees' salary question, that at last there was a definite and breach. Many persons here thought the President had a recalcitrant bunch on his hands and that there would be plenty of trouble durSuch is ing the rest of the session. not the case, however, and, although there will be differences arising, the remainder of the session will show few cases In which the wishes of the President will be absolutely disregarded. The reason for this sudden change Is simple. An election campaign confronts all of the members of the house and 35 members of the senate. As the thing has been explained to me by numerous representatives and senators, they were In a political situation where they felt they would rather slap the President than the veterans. The President can scold or spank them, It is explained, but the veterans have votes that are a good deal rougher than a spanking by the Chief Executive, from the standpoint of politics. Now that the potential candidates can go before the veterans of. their respective districts and point with pride or something to a vote to restore the compensation, the campaigning members feel they are sitting In a good seat. They are ready to be good. I am told that Democratic leaders In the house and senate have had innumerable visits since the vet vote from members of their party who wanted to assure the administration that they are "regular" again and will stay that way. Having obtained what they thought they had to have to insure their they will now vote according to direction once more. Then, when they start speech-makinIn their home bailiwick, they will talk loudly and long about supporting the President In one speech and in the next, if it be in a strongly organized veterans' area, they will shout about their friendship for the former soldiers, sailors and marines. From which it ought to be apparent that the whole thing was just a part of the great game of politics. g The question tnai is before the administration and leaders of the Democratic party is: what Is the attitude to be toward the progresIt is sives and other insurgents. mem fcnown, of course, that there are eiectea and house senate, bers of the as Democrats, who have no more right to call themselves Democrats than somes of the radical group of the minority can claim to be Republicans. no They are Insurgents. There Is other proper label. They have not, do not and will not stand hitched to any program for any great length of my informants. one-thir- one-thir- d d ym Urn ;fr 0 -- y ' A m s& M A- "k - time. President Roosevelt and "Big Jim" Farley know full well that the Democrats must have the help of the progressives and the radicals in some parts of the country. This Is especially true in the Middle West. But the administration cannot turn n.jrainst the militant and fighting young Democrats who have fallen into line solidly behind Roosevelt and the New Deal. If it snubs them, "it scorns the steps by which it did ascend" and The that is never good politics. younger group of Democrats take credit for the smashing victory of 1032 and Mr. Roosevelt cannot Ignore their clamoring for recognition. Like a ghostly shadow across the path, however, floats the forms and laces of numerous powerful men who broke away from Hoover and sup ported the Roosevelt candidacy. The Roosevelt blessing already has been bestowed upon Senator Hiram Johnson, a Californlan, who was elected as a Republican but who supported Mr. Roosevelt's candidacy. Senator Johnson Is up for election this year. On the other hand, there is young Bob La Follette, of Wisconsin. Surely, he was a liberal all the way. He sup ported Mr. Roosevelt as against Mr. Hoover. But Young Bob has had no such blessing from the administration. Indeed, "Big Jim" Farley has strongly Intimated that he wants to see Wisconsin elect Charles Broughten, a reg ular Democrat. And so it goes. When Roosevelt an President nounced settlement of the labor con troversy between the Wolman Not automobile industry Real Neutral and the American Federation of Labor, and proposed creation of a board to adjudicate the questions, every one here thought naturally enough that he would select a representative of the Democratic bolters could not have industry and one of labor, with the third man being neutral. The natoverridden the President by themural conclusion was that the third selves, and that fact Just Playing gave the Republicans member of the board would have no t0 ties with either capital or labor. There Politics an opportunity was much surprise, therefore, when play politics as well. The Republicans In the house and senhe named Dr. Leo Wolman, of Columate saw a chance to embarrass the bia university, New York, as the neu President. tral member. From what I can gather They nudged the Democrats from every angle to override the around Washington, the appointment veto and joined with the bolters on of Doctor Wolman was a bit disapthe vote just because it would put the pointing to those who wanted a real Democratic leaders on a hot spot and neutral to sit as a member of the would be offensive to the President. board. Frankly, the President did not That Is the way the game of politics is meet legitimate expectations in the played. If one looks back over the Wolman appointment, except, of records (Turing the Coolidge and course, among those who sympathized Hoover administrations, plenty of Inwholly with labor's contention In the stances are shown where the Democontroversy. crats, then In the minority, Joined the Doctor Wolman's knowledge of la probolting Republicans and bor questions cannot be denied. He gressives in votes that were embarrasshas demonstrated his ability and his ing to the President. capacity to understand the problems, As n matter of fact, there still is The objection that I hear, however, some doubt in the minds of many obdoes not run to that phase of his servers here whether Mr. Roosevelt ability. Doctor Wolman has been ashad sound reason for his veto. He sociated directly or Indirectly with charged that the bill, as passed before William Green, president of the Amer the veto, would add $22S,000,000 to ican Federation of Labor, for the regular budget of the government. years. However he may desire many to be That is true. But I cannot help reImpartial, however basically honest he calling that there are two budgets, is, the thought in many places in now. One of them Is the regular budWashington is that Doctor Wolman get and the other, many time larger, cannot be neutral as that word is acIs for emergency expenditures. At cepted by the general public. He is least some of those Democrats, who human and he has sentiment. Those broke with the President on the questwo factors make It appear to many are the tion, asking why government observers that the settlement of the has to cut down on its regular budget automobile-labo- r controversy amounts while it expands and "throws money to nothing more than a postponement. away like water" from the emergency It will flare up again, but probably budget. It does cause one to pause will not take place until after the midit. about think and dle of June when the President will In other words, the thought of those not have a law in effect that will permen is: why is it such a crime to mit him to license the industry. of a billion spend about dollars the way congressmen want to The week's best laugh: Federal spend it when the administration is Home Loan board regulations require or five some six billions the spending that applicants for loans submit with way It wants to spend that tretheir applications, first, a "close up" mendous sum. of the photograph and, secFurther, I cannot help recalling ond, a "street scene"property that will show a act the was when economy that, passed little of adjoining property. These during the extra session last spring, photographs have the purpose and the I reported to you that the curtailof course, of providing a genment of expenditures for veterans and value, eral knowledge of where the money for several other purposes under the goes. regular budget, was to be short-liveBut the headquarters office of the I said at that time that it would be loan In acts of Two back system was not quite prepared con pieces. given gress since have restored a total of for two photographs which It received in connection with one application that 75 per cent of the amount taken away from the veterans, and the last act came from a colored man in a little of 15 southern town. In complying with the of congress restored to cut the cent pay government requirement that a "close up" photoper workers and will give them another graph be submitted, the applicant overlooked the fact that it was of the beginning July 1. property and sent in a picture of himself, a photograph that disclosed the There Is trouble brewing for Presiwrinkles and gray hair of his age as dent Roosevelt In another political diwell ns two large eyes. rection. It is nnt a For the street exceptionally scene, the applicant had direct result of the himself photographed in his best bib More Trouble of his and tucker, namely, his lodge uniform. Brewing overriding veto. That fact does And he was riding a bicycle along the appear to have accentuated the dim street. culties, however, according to most of by Western N'owspaper Union one-fourt- h . If J ' r&frm LlM HOW about It, have you caught 4llllMiil IIIIIMllirf the inspiration for lace? Of course you have, or will have, before the season is far advanced. It Just isn't possible to tread the highways and byways In fashionland and remain immune to the lure of lace. In the couturier showings for spring and summer, 1934, conies before our enraptured eyes a continuous procession of frothy, frilly, filmy dance and dinner frocks created of tulle and lace by such artists as Lelong, Mainbocher, Dilkusha and a host of other designers of high degree. A very new, very lovely and very chic idea is to animate slim, figure-fittinsoft lace gowns with myriads of crisp tulle ruffle at shoulders and hemlines. One such is fashioned of shell-pinlace with crisp, sheer ruffles poed at the arms with billowy fullness about the hemline achieved of many ruffllngs. through a frou-froThe all black lace gown with crisp black tulle ruffles or fine pleatlngs is a particular favorite. In contrast to the airy-fairtypes of fluttery lace and tulle is the gown of classic lines fashioned of handsome soft mat lace, a lace, by the way, which is outstanding in the mode. In the illustration we are showing an exquisite evening dress of white mat lace made especially by Molyneaux for one of the major social events of Paris. It took the first prize at a ball. It would be a mistake, however, to carry the thought that the new laces are limited to the languid, glamorous social life. As a matter of fact, the most exciting doings of lace are taking place in the realm of tallleurs and g y sports clothes. Especially ithj and eminently practical for te is the suit of beige lace wi M of navy georgette or the jacks semble of green net with beige alencon lace. Lace for bathing suits, ti makes real news, and for hid! handbags, for ravishing neckm-foentire dresses, ensembla blouses, for gloves, too, if job m and we must not forget the r slippers that will Id lace-covere- d sweet strains of music under a skies. Because a dress is fashionedol does not mean that it may smartly wearable and comma The afternoon dress of pm lace on the seated figure Id u ture is Just such m new polished wood clips. A delicate web of black chil lace for the bodice top enhaw feminine allure of the dinner ud ater gown centered in the ponj auisltelv thin cobwebby Uces i sort have captured the heart d; fashionable world this season,! In black, in white or pale beige in everv Imaginable pastel tout between this lace mi velvet of the dresaOK to emphasize the high is held with a crystal du. the wrist sleeves display traced lace patterning contrast soft mat serves which close cately fection. to Ct by Western Newspip ORGANDIE By CHERIE Purples and violet shades are bios soming gayly in fashion for spring 1934. Last season some purple was seen in boucles and knitted frocks, and this year it Is out In cottons and linens. For a long time it was felt that heliotrope, orchid and violet shades were impossible in wash fabrics, as they came out in dull, muddy shades and did not hold their colors. These objections have been overcome, and the new violet range in handkerchief linens, French linens, ginghams, organdies and shirtings are among the smartest of the season's offerings. Cotton frocks in these colors are sometimes combined with little jackets of purple wool or velveteen. This new trend is as important for children as for grown-ups- . CAPE NICHOLAS 3 Spring Hats Are Planned to Show Plenty of Hair Spring Woollens This year's wools nre wnvon n In soft, heavy folds, cloaking the figure .u gracerui lines. Most of them are woven "tone on tone" with Irregular stripes or bars of the same color making their design. the otts the SHADES OF VIOLET BLOSSOMING GAYLY Dutch bonnets, Breton sailors' hats and the Jaunty turned op brims worn by the musketeers of D'Artagnan'g day Inspire the first spring hats now shown In modistes' salons. Eight out Of ten roll right back from the face, making clear skins and smart coiffures of prime importance. The rest tilt forward over one eye In a line as rakish as fashion has shown. But all are as feminine in design and effect as a perfumed handkerchief. "Show as much hair as possible," seems to be the decree. Many models are worn well back of rho hoi,. n others tilted well to one side (gen erally tne right) to show the other side of the head. one of ing models of the house of Dlfe It is a princess model and It fci with a draped collar held by ft.- - o v 1 of sheer e mousselines 8im"abarn,i and writing are tf, pictured ter Into the history dainw pan. Thn theme of these Cape-u- ded wraps ttW ' 1 designers. of them see you sheer clnating colorful is o : ture. The gown withs " moussellne every dor, for dots of to coin and larger V ent season. There's notjl w the fl? b |