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Show EMERY COUNTY PROGRESS, CASTLE DALE. UTAH STILL FEATURING SNAKESKIN; CLOTH DRESSES FOR GIRLS TpVOCLD seem as It the able world had become At the begianlng of this vogue women looked askance at carrying a bag or wearing shoes or gloves made of snakesktn; gradually they yielded and so the mode has continued to weave Its fascination, which has not yet been broken. When early In the spring, snakeskia apparel appeared. 5t did not seem to Is happening to tots' dresses these days. It Is very apparent that little American girls are adopting the French fashion of dresses, oh ! so short. There's pleuty of color In the juvenile style picture this season. To achieve novel color effect, designers are employing artful fabric treatments, the Inset method especially That Is, a conproving successful trasting color of the same material as snake-charmed- .- ' By ELMO SCOTT WATSON lABOR DAY this year has a special significance, If we accept the state-- I ment of John R. Commons and his associates in the book "The History i FT? of Labor in the United States" in which they say "We place the beginning of the American labor movement in the year 1827 at Philadelphia. la that year and place, American urno-earners for the first time Joined getner as a class regardless of trade lines in a contest with pmninvors " l( contest referred to was a strike of hniliiirnr lie workers for a ten-hoday and other wements in their working conditions, a strike eh ended successfully for the workers. So iw Day this year may be regarded as the high tin a centennial year for organized labor and that reason has more than passing interest. The day itself lias a much shorter history, for it fa back only 45 years at the most The idea a Labor Day celebration was first suggested in ; it was first officially proclaimed by the aerican Federation of Labor in 1884, but it was until 1894 that it was first made a legal holi- jand that only in the District of Columbia and territories. The first suggestion of a Labor y holiday was made in New York City Central ior union in May, 18S2. Its officers hold that. iongh the country had other holidays symbolical 1 the military, civil and religious spirit, there 3 none which represented the spirit of the L m !' A'l 7 PB lrj Jpingnian. fAeeordingly it suggested lit Monday in September the observance of the as a festival day with jpdes, picnics and speeches and staged such a febratlon that year with great success. Two rJ later the American Federation of Labor , cial!y recognized the suggestion by proclaiming I first Monday in September as Labor Day and all laborers to observe It State legisla fd tes were asked to make this day a legal holiday eventually 32 of them did enact laws mak- It such. Wr Day is also an appropriate time for re-some of the history of the tabor move- this country and for considering some of rorces which have contributed to the estab- ment of organized labor in its present im- m position in the social structure of this ing it m That these forces beean to onerate as as 1607 is shown in the brilliant essay which Prof. Ralph Henry Gabriel of Yale ijersity introduces Malcolm Keir's pictorial and story of "The Epic of Industry" In the Want of America" serlea which the Tale Press is now brineine out In this J he tells of that historic movement when "In Seventeenth century on the wooded banks of ' Iames river a busy group of Englishmen from three small shiDs a Quantity of and adzes, hoes and firearms. Includinsr "Small Cannon. Soon nftor n rorlakln trnlnprt 'tot with bow and arrow, bore to the Indian a?fc p the river the news of the coming of wmies. The age of iron had come suddenly ontaet with the age of stone." He then and interprets the successive of stages "Strialism In i f Ail Sfatoa rinnrn Hirnno-ltho TTn w V. u n. K1.VVJ fears tO the nraaaTlt afro arMfth hek anmmarWaa 1(I7. back V"Z 'fl A. f - ' J ' - , l 1 I L f'Soa.,--- f .: '- 1 V 1tWSSMfi - tiZt ' iC1 A I ZA8GFL" As'A JSSi iV'' -? : rrVtfrl A, Sp " f j a I ! VI I lM "M37 f in the heyday of their greatness. Yet, in America labor organizations lag: In their growth behind those of England. Perhaps one of the reasons may be found In the character of the American wage earning group. The rapid exploitation of the natural resources within the United States brought about one of the world's important population movements. Millions of Europeans crossed the ocean to share in the opportunities which America lavishly offered. They built railroads, dug mines, and tended the machines in clattering factories. They brought with them prejudices and inherited national hatreds. Their first problem was to learn the ways of a now nation and to adjust themselves to a new environment. As a group, this polyglot mass did not possess common idealism and the workers that passed through the factory gate as the whistle blew spoke a multitude of languages. The organization of such a group presented at times insuperable difficulties. It has never been fully accomplished. Again and again the natural leaders of the wage earners have risen out of the group to become managers. Opportunity has not failed genuine ability. But organization has come, and has aided in Improving the lot of the laborer. also between employer and employee has increased as the chaotic early years of industrialism have passed and as the customs and ideals of the new indulstrial civilization have taken shape. Meanwhile the United States, passing the middle point of the second century of its national history, has become the industrial colossus of the world. How that organization 'of the laboring man came about and the various steps taken in its development is traced in the chapter on "Organized Labor in Industry which contains this Introduction to the main theme of the illustrated In that chapter: 'n 1 ln. 1 .. -a ht r n, 1920, ng a. I i?,?ZJ$ f -- - 4 ' " I'' VI sfiAl . f fT lm $ 5 ' w- mm v 4aX , 1 liWsh out of our population of one hundred five million wage earn- 'millions, there were forty-on- e ers. Whatever concerns labor Is vital to the well-beiof the nation. Industry has advanced from local individual enterprise to the the small-scal- e gigantic corporation whose business and plants are spread over the nation and even the globe, and various corporations have united In one way or another for economic or political purposes. In like manner labor has forsaken individual bargaining with an employer and has united Into great organizations for group negotiations concerning wages, hours or working conditions with aggregations of follows: employers. The hostler once might haggle with the village liveryman, but the locomotive engineers the tim the Twentieth century opened, indus- have been forced to organize a brotherhood to deal lU'm had I i h(xrm. . with the railroad executives of the country. La"Can life. The nnnoinir nt tha frnnH.r anil th bor organization has paced evenly with Industrial wetlon of the of the national net organization. greater part 'of railroad fra.rf inH.,.-ii- .t The history of labor shows that organization dement, and in America this (1) The worker was gath- velops under four 'conditions. capital me greatest financial combinations the must be separated from the ownership of the tools ever known- - Large-scal- e or the means of production. (.) Laborers In the production ( we J! same trade must be able to come Into close contact bringing of a succession of manufacturing Uner -with one another. (S) Opportunity for especially Ingle control, resulted in an effi-- r be which made possible American competition gifted workmen to rise above their class must " lorelen nrnM ( i -- agen iv shut off, with the result that these men, denied lunei imiu Hit niiu k i"yvio individual advancement, become leaders in the efscientific Investigation was accel-- i laboratories became a part of the equip forts for the Improvement of their class. (4) The a 'or many industrial establishments. condition under which work Is done must be burNature a systematic manner for every densome so that the men engaged in the work feel Kni every source be that they have a common grievance. These condiof that energy might - to the amelioration of tions were not satisfied until after 1830, and then human life. In the only partially until after the Civil war. 'ndustry. th iron man steadily re-i- t. hJr 01humn There could be no effective labor organizations in hand. The automatic machine the United States in the earlier ye'ars of Its Indus" a(?e o' Industry. trial development. The early artisans in general But til too frequently it each carried on his own business. .The shoemaker "rumor 10 a mere auiomaion who w the ;' owned his tools and his shop, bought his leather years of his life feeding a senseless 'J"cr. and sold his finished product. With the coming of kbor h tha first factories employees were gathered together prospered with industry, yet the wage has had tnanv a difficult nroblem to solve. under the same roof and worked for wages with Krowth of the tools and materials of other men. Under the conomlc vast put manufacturing conditions that prevailed before the Civil industrial me nanas or a ""o successrui Many t. it lM lrnn it. iiu 1. TU w. .mnlnvaa unions sprang up from time to time but war labor n rrctfj suiiiijand f ;"t at Mm a. fnt. koo jjicuaiuiji onnltttnna none were able to maintain an existence over a fa(?es which measured. his standard .of living.. period of years. The rapid growth of the nation r r -- v ceniurM of that was still undeveloped gave opportunities ana a hair most Americans naa disfarm or a business; a relatively small part ' many kinds. Industry Itself was growing and new in might get better Jobs Population had worked for hire. Induatrial-rouRgruntled employees were expanding and the laborer to America a growing group c men enterprises. Cities commercial enter'omen whose sole dependence was a job. And might set up for himself a small beckoned those who as not like a piece of land or a atoKk of prise. The frontier alwaysmasters to working for in a ntnrai f mlirht vantah whn timAM Crew preferred being their own hire. The abler members of the labor group were id no one know why It had gone. To pro- always finding opportunities to Improve their ."'mself against the vicissitudes of his econom-"J'itlocondition. to organize. earner the sought wage " Following the Civil war the great labor or seventies and 'eighties he developed the of the United States have developed. Many Ocular Knlsrhts of Labor which, after clalm- 1 forces have operated to bring them about. Their membership of a million, fell suddenly Into influenoe 'as Increaped In the development of InOther organizations have followed and ' talned dustry. They are an inevitable and an Important power far beyond that of the Knights a, II1 -' UNI. 3 .,1 1 4?i . J Ml I f J " fVSWLSZS. bespeak other than a flash of the a mere passing fancy. However, midseason and fall styles disclose the fact that serpents reincarnated into coats and hats and such smart details as handbags, belts and shoes are still moving about on the stnge of fashion. Indeed so popular have snakesktn effects become that some of the newest silks for blouse and for scarf, for coat linings and dress triminliiss are printed In snakesktn pnttemings which proves again that "imitation is the sincerest flattery . Now comes along a new tribute to the fashionable serpent the snake-ski- n raincoat made of rubberized fabric imitating reptile effect As a trimming snnkeskln is really wonderfully attractive. Some of aue tumn's smartest jersey dresses In styling are detailed with pockets of snakesktn with narrow bands Inserted at wrlstline and on the collar, also finishing the ends of a scarf tie. Included In recent showings of early fall accessories one finds many snake-ski- n bags, both genuine and imitation, both of cobra and watersnnke variety. One sees also snakesktn patterning on felt hats, done by handpalnting on felt grounds. beige and string-colore- d The snakeskin . coats In the picture bear the seal of Paris approval. al In i I '- ft I III 11 ? . Stuart Modes for Midseasoa. narrative 1(1 '" Part of the new Industrial order. At first these unions directed their attention to the bettermeni of the economic condition of the workers and this aim still remains foremost. But of later yean some unions have been paying pirticular attention to gaining some kind of partnership in industry and may next reach out for a measure of political control. The complete story of the rise of organized labor in the United States as given in this chapter, is an interesting one. It goes back somewhat farther than the beginning established by Commons and his associates, to the ttme soon after the Revolutionary war when the shoemakers and printers on several occasions organized to protest and strike against the abandonment of the apprentice system which brought a depression of wages. As a result they were haled into court on charges of conspiracy and these cases checked the growth of unionism" In its Inception. The year 1814 saw the first wage agreement entered Into by the bricklayers of Cinnclnnati and this marked a definite trend In the labor movement. Social reform was one of the first efforts of American labor and so in the 'thirties we have the romantic history of the Utopian New Harmony (Ind.) experiment with which are associated the names of Robert Dale Own, "Fanny" Wright and her newspaper, the Free Enquirer; the Brook Farm experiment and Albert Brisbane and a similar community enterprise at Red Bank, N. X, all of which ended In failure. In the 'twenties the first of the agrarian reformers came to the fore with Thomas Skidmore as principal leader, and In the 'forties George Henry Evans proposed a scheme similar to Skidmore's. As early as 1828 labor entered politics when the first workingmen's party in this country was organized by mechanics in Philadelphia, but labor as a separate party has never been able to figure decisively in national elections. "After the 'nineties, organized labor did not officially enter politics as a separate party except In 1924," says Keir. "Instead, it has adopted the policy of 'Vote for friends, defeat our enemies. This means that labor studies candidates and their political records rnd then, regardless of party, votes for the individuals who seem to lean most favorably toward labor's desires. This policy has brought organized labor rich reward In the form of desired legislation." Among the first of these was the creation of a separate Department of Labor in 1913 and the placing of a labor representative in the President's cabinet. The first secretary of of the labof was William B. Wilson, an United Mine Workers' union, who became a member of President Wilson's cabinet The pres-ent secretary of Labor, James J. Davis, was once an iron worker in Pennsylvania and a steel worker in Indiana. Labor's participation ' In the national councils and Its commanding position In America today have been due to organieation. One of the first attempts at this was the formation of the National Labor union immediately after the Civil war. The first convention was held in 18G6 and Its prinwork-da- y cipal effort was to bring about a shorter eight-hou- r for labor. secure an to and day program By the ttme the second convention was held in 18C7, it was apparent that this union was going to depend upon political tower to attain its ends, and as a result it soon lost ground. Although the Knights of Labor, founded by Uriah Smith Stephens in Philadelphia in 18G9, once rose to a member, ship of a million members, its power In the 'seventies and 'eighties soon began to wane and it gav way eventually to a young craft union, later famous as the American Federation of Labor. One of the founders of the organization in 188i was Samuel Gompers, of whom it has been said. "Gora-per- s gave the American labor movement a brain, a soul and a clenched fist. Ke must be ranked among the great executives of his timd." It wps during his presidency that labor rose to its greatness, the greatness which Labor Day celebrates. two-piec- that of which the dress Is made Is Irilnyed, so to speak, with clever seaiu-In- gi A close study jf the frock In the picture will reveal an Interesting Inset styling. This little dress Is of chestnut colored wool rep with Insets of a lighter brown Ingeniously seamed into the body of the garment These inlay constructions present vast possibilities for Intriguing design. For Instance, a navy blue Jersey frock has Inserted strips of French blue, so seamed ns to radiate from a point at one, side, like spokes of a cart wheel. Another simple Interpretation of the Inset treatment Is that of making a deep yoke of a light tone with a darker portion sewed below,, the heme line displaying a coloring Dresses for children not only employ Inlays of one color, but of many. Ingenious seaming Is given to squares, triangles and other conventional motifs of various shades uutil a gay and modernistic patterning Is the result. Unbroken lines from neck to hem Is the most approved styling this season. In the soft crepes and ginghams this is accomplished by means of smocking, shirring, tucking and plaiting, which allows the fullness to fall from the shoulder. Not only Is the peasant-typ- e frock heavily smocked, but this same form of handiwork is very popular throughout all juvenile styling. third-degre- of I i Jo?f .... , iiriwinttUMftH! Cunning Little Dreis. The envelope bag under the arm of the figure to the left Is snakeskin trimmed. After vacation, then what! Outfitting the little folks for school answers the query. Considering that children are so decidedly In the foreground f fashion these days. It becomes Imperative that their frocks be well styled, not only for "dressup" occasions but for school wear and playtime hours as well. . Short, shorter, shortest: that's what Stylists are using for children's daytime autumn frocks such woolens as jersey, kasha, wool crepe, serge, rep and velveteen. For coats, suede cloth, broadcloth and velveteen are choice for dressy types, with novelty checks and plaids for sports cloaks. The new coats are featuring chin collars, some of them others adding senrfllke ties made of JULIA BOTTOMLEY. self-fabri- , 19JT, by Wettera Newapsper Union l A |