OCR Text |
Show COMPLETE VICTORY! Japs Agree to All Terms Of Potsdam Declaration; MacArtluir Gets High Post Japanese sneak attuck on Pearl Harbor. Dec. 8 United States declares war on Japan. Invasion of I'hilippines and attack on Guam and If ake started by Japanese. Dec. V-- J In day proclamation. accepting the Allied terms, Japan agreed to the total reduction of its once proud empire, with hope for the future based upon the organization of a free democracy within the home islands of Honshu, Kyushu, Hokkaido and Shikoku. Under the Potsdam ultimatum, Japan must eliminate the influence of those elements which have encouraged conquest; give up Korea and other overseas disarm all armed acquisitions; forces; permit the revival of democracy and freedom of speech, religion and thought; and submit to Allied occupation of designated points in the homeland until postwar security has been established. At the same time, Japan was promised an opportunity for orderly development once a peaceful government had been created, with retention of such industries as would maintain its internal economy and eventual access to raw materials and world trade. The war ended just as the atomic bomb threatened the obliteration of Japan's sprawling industrial settlements, with Hiroshima and Nagasaki already badly mangled by the terrific blasts. Packing an explosive force 20,000 times greater than TNT, the atomic Man-ehuri- If lf.i.i.5.-;- - 'A K i ' , r,.l.i ' ... ... ' :' " x . -- . ' lA - V- . - ' pi" JA , ; .j Gen. Douglas MacArthur Accepts Surrender. bomb's destructive capacity so far exceeded that of ordinary missiles that it brought a quick reaction from a government that had planned continuation of the conflict from underground bastions despite inattacks. creasing Besides threatening to lay Japan waste, the atomic bomb also was credited with blowing Russia into the conflict, thus bringing the total Allied weight to bear against the Nipponese. In all, these two events 6crved to climax the growing tempo of the Allied drive in the Pacific, which law U. S. forces virtually sitting on Japan's doorstep at the cessation 6f hostilities. 9 Dec. 25 Japanese take Wake. Honft Kong falls. Dec. 26Jups bomb Manila, despite fact it was declared open city. 1942 Jan. Manila surrenders, 2 forces flee to Batuan. Feb. 15 Singapore falls. Mar. 17 General MacArthur lands in Australia to lead Allied forces. April 9U. S. troops on Uataan surrender. Aut. 7U. S. marines land on Guadalcanal. 1913 Allies land on New 5 Sept. Guinea. Nov. 2U. S. marines im ade gainville. Bou- 1911 S. lands troops in Marshall islands. June 10 Marines invade Saipan. July 191. S. forces land on Guam. Oct. 17 Invasion of Leyte on Phil- Jan. 29-- ippines V. under gets way. 1915 Jan. 10 Feb. Philippine 26 June 28 Luzon declared completely liberated. July 2 Australians landed at 17 British the Great Plains areas of the United States, expenditure of less than 10 minutes of man labor per bushel is not unknown when modern methods and machines are used. In other crops, the story is similar and, because of such methods and the marvels of present day equipment, it has been possible for the farmers of the Americas, Great Britain, or others of the United Nations to maintain or expand their production 2iU. S. 3rd fleet success-litll- v 3u-29- s bottle up Japan mines. Toy-okuw-a Japan. Aug 10 Japan Aug 14. Japs terms. asks for peace accept uncondi tional surrender terms EMPEROR: His Background AV ' ' ! meaning "enlightenment and to describe his reign. Many political experts believe that personally Hirohito wanted peace, but as the puppet of the military clique had to go along with their designs. Actually he wields little real power. His actual "reign" began in 1921, then as prince regent he ruled in his father's stead. He was married in 1924 and is the father of one son and three daughters. peace." ' RECONVERSION: IS cxt Job With World War II finished, and the nation's great armament production due to be slashed, interest mounted in the government's for switching industry program back to a pocctime basis and providing continued high employment. Shortly before the cessation of hostilities. President Truman called in War Production Board Chieftain Krug to go over plans for speeding up reconversion to prevent a large-scal- e rupture of the country's econowith my after V-- J day. At the meeting, it was determined that the W'PB was to conduct a vigorous drive for the expansion of production of materials in short supply tomeet all demands; limit manufacture of articles requiring scarce materials; establish effective control over material stockpiles to prevent speculative hoarding that would endanger the stabilization program; provide priority assistance to break bottlenecks that might impede the switch back to civilian goods, and allocate scarce materials for lower priced articles to keep costs down. For years the farm equipmett industry dealers, manufacturers, jiu uiuc puuucauons have beg active advocates of soil and water conservation and improvement if p soil fertility. farms, esp cially where tobacco, cotton and corn were the cash crops, begin bringing home to them the fact that the nation's wealth was leachiaj down the hillsides and into the streams that carried it to the ocean Such lands were rapidly passing out of production, ceasing to pay taxes and to support prosperous faro families and communities. Villages, even counties, faded with the fares as they "wore out." To awaken the nation to the consequences of this trend, if not cour? teracted, the industry long has laid benefits f stress upon the long-pul- l soil conservation and the part to; farmers can play in the program by using the tools already on the farms, and available for soil conservation efforts. Contour farming, terracing and crop rotations in the United Slates go back to Thomas Jefferson's work in Virginia well over a century ago. Writing in the American Farmer in of the United 1821, the States, in a signed article, answered One-cro- certainly became more attractive than it was to Millet's "Man With the Hoe." With the development of other types of equipment, which have followed in rapid succession, agriculture's progress has steadily continued. No longer does the tiller of the soil fit the poet's description of "stolid and stunned, a brother to the ox." No longer does the plowman homeward plod his weary way. He rides. The horse-drawcultivator and grain binder have given way in many areas to the tractor, cultivator and the combine. Harvesting of the corn crop is now performed in ever increasing measure by the tractor-operate- d cotton costs are being reduced by the mechanical cotton picker; the primitive pump is succeeded by the electrically-operated water system; hand milking by machine milking. The heretofore laborious job of making hay is becoming less of a chore through the newer machines for harvesting and storsuch ing of this important crop as power mowers, rakes, pick-ubalers, forage harvesters. And so it goes each step an improvement over the old; less labor in growing and harvesting of food and feed crops; in livestock raising; in horticulture or dairying. In every branch of agriculture, the story is the same; increased efficiency through use of the machine; reduced effort on the part of the operator; more time for the better things of life, impossible of attainment in former times when the days were not long enough even to perform the single job of raising the food for the family. In discussing the part which modern farm equipment plays in saving time and labor for the farmer, we are apt to overlook some of the important services which it renders in the job of food production. Modern farm equipment has done more than any other one thing to neutralize weather hazards. It enables the farmer to both control and shorten his crop handling time, thus increasing the amount of work that can be done in the hours of sunshine allotted to him; weed control and eradication can be adapted to individual weeds; controlled plowing depths do much to bury such insect pests as the corn borer, Hessian fly and the boll weevil; quick and positive erosion control is made possible through modern, mechanized farm equipment. All of these tend to increase acre yields and, in many cases, save entire crops. Cost Tor Unit Decreased. One hundred years ago. with tools then available, it required several days of man labor to giow and harvest an acre of wheat. Today, In n corn-picke- Their authority with the overthrow of the military governors in 1868, the Japanese emperors, supposedly descended from the sun goddess, have exercised their mythical power for the unification of the country to facilitate its imperial development. With the overthrow of the shogun-at- e shortly after Admiral Perry opened the door of Japan to the outside world, the simple island people, previously owing strict allegiance to the military clan, easily transferred their blind obedience to the mikado. The present mikado, Hirohito, is a puny, nearsighted man of 44. He is called the 124th emperor of Japan by the Japanese court authorities. When he ascended the throne in 1926, he chose the word "Showa," ever-increasi- Modern Machine Farmer Builds Up for Prosperity coulter. Aug. 4 MacArthur takes over command of Ryukyus. Aug. 6 Atomic bomb destroys most of Hiroshima. Aug. 7 Superfortresses hit naval arsenal. Aug. 8 Russia declares war on the twenties Japan expanded her commercial influence deep into Chinese territory. By 1931 a formidable boycott developed Japanese troops wete used to crush this organized protest. This violation of treaty rights aroused the world. Japan defiantly resigned from the League of Nations in 1933. when trouble in the "truce area" of China was again the occasion for battling. I Flow used on Gen. George Washington's plantation in Virginia. Has wood moldboard, wood standard, no landside. Flat iron share and iron warships join ment industry have always sturdily built to take the heath, farm work demands; tun 21 f of their sturdy coiistrnrtin. ? I indicated by the orders fot pair and replacement parts T ceived by manufacturers f machines 30 and even 40 ye old, still operating. Today into equipment going the handl of the farmer is better enri! neered than ever. Knowing something of the na who design and manufacture the farm machines, I am convinced to the products for the postwar eraw be even better. The history of h farm equipment industry has tea one of continuous progress and service to agricii ture. I am confident that this mA will be even brighter in the nm ahead. t Yanks. with During !r ning. June 12 Australian troops invade Borneo. June 21 Okinawa campaign successfully ends. Aparri captured by a, d R1 May 2 550 superforts firebomb Tokyo. May 27 Chinese capture Wan- Aug. g Agriculture has come a long way since the days when the forked stick, the scythe and the flail were the rule rather than the exception, but it was not until the advent of farm machinery, a little more than a century ago, that agricultural practices made any real progress. Even in the early 19th century the methods used by the fellaheen of ancient Egypt were still followed, even in many of the more advanced countries. And then in the space of 50 years, agriculture made great'er strides than in the preceding 50 centuries. With the coming of the plow, the reaper and the other earlier types of farm machines, farming, though not an easy life, common- attiwkpil Inmins arentesl naval Kure, Honshu islands. s' L. Gillette, u Editor's Note president ol the Farm Equipment institute and has long been active in the manufacture and distribution of farm machinery and equipment. wealth returned to Filipino people. Mar. 17lwo Jima captured with marine casualties of 19,9.18. April 1 Invasion of Okinawa started by 100,000 troops. base on dustrial potential in repeated heavy raids. Recovering quickly from the black days immediately after Pearl Harbor, when the Nipponese overran much of the Pacific, the U. S. checked the enemy tide in the spring of 1942, when the American fleet stopped the Japs' southeastward drive in the battle of the Coral sea and then thwarted their eastward surge at Midway. From then on, the U. S., building up tremendous military and material strength under a unified front at home, was on the march, with the Japanese seeking time to consolidate their newly won position as the overruling Asiatic power by bitter delaying action in their outposts. With the navy severing vital Japanese supply lines to these outposts, and with the ground forces isolating enemy units into disorganized resistance pockets on invaded islands, the American advance in the Pacific far exceeded expectations, with the end of the European war finding U. S. sea, land and air forces perched right on Nippon's doorstep. Though the main body of Japanese troops had not been touched by the steady U. S. advances westward, the American navy's mastery of the sea lanes as far as the Chinese coast interrupted the shipment of vital material to the home islands for industrial processing, and the terrific bombardment ofmanufactur-incenters greatly curtailed output. With deliveries of materials cut, and output dwindling, the effectiveness of an estimated 4.000,000 remaining enemy troops stood to be severely limited. On top of it all, Russia's invasion of Manchuria and threat to Jap-helChina promised to tap the only remaining important enemy industrial source outside the homeland. By George L. Gillette t Jan. 30 U. S. landings north of Baiaun seal peninsula. Feb. 4 American troops enter Manila. Feb. 15 U. S. first air raid on Tokyo. Feb. 17 Marines invade lu o Jima. Army lands on Corregidor. July Emperor Hirohito Surrenders to Allies. Mechanized Farm Work, Now No 'Brother to an Ox.' ucveiopjTienjs than at anv timp jn u., . to make sure that machines on the farms will tion. They have manufact! many complete machines able materials, manpower alT4 ernmental restrictions would and have maintained period the high standards American farm machinery i. throughout the world. LIFE OF MACHINERY The life of farm machinery can be greatly extended as proven Univerby tests conducted at the and Corrosion Missouri. of sity farm unhoused of care of lack machinery cut its life in half, and added to the upkeep cost. A record on a few of the implements: Life Housed Unhoused Equipment Walking plows 20 years 15 years Gang plows ...20 years 10 years Corn planters. 8 years 4 years Cultivators ...20 years 8 years 12 years 7 years Mowers 12 years 5 years Binders 24 years 19 years Wagons Disk harrows.. 15 years 8 years Invasion of Luzon started V. S. '3rd fleet. i Farm Equipment lias Now by Yanks. July Japan's Imperial Ambitions Led to War Before the Twentieth century Japan's imperial ambitions were restricted to Korea, the coast of China and some neighboring islands in the Japanese sea. Japanese leaders suddenly realized the power of western armament. During the next half century Japan was modernized so successfully that the Japanese victories over China in 1894, and Russia In 1905 were swift and conclusive. 7 Dec. 10 General MacArthur starts battle of Manila. With the navy and air force carrying the fight to the enemy, and with army and marine troops slashing forward in island to island fighting, the war in the Pacific rates as one of the bloodiest in history. From the very beginning the U. S. encountered a bitter and fanatical foe, ardent and well disciplined, willing to fight to the last cartridge even when completely enveloped. All through the war, the toll of Jap killed far surpassed the number captured, indicating the nature of their defense. Because of the close teamwork reoperations, it quired in the over-al- l would be difficult to single out one outstanding hero, though General MacArthur's fiery stand against the enemy in the early stages of the conflict and his later redemption of lost territories made him the symbol of the American spirit. Beside the name of MacArthur must be added those of Admiral Nimitz, who directed U. S. naval operations in the vast Pacific theater, and General Le May, whose seriously reduced Japan's in- - Rfiduced and Farm Efficiency Greatlv ncreasea wim improve meuiamiai 19U By AL JEDLICKA Forty years after its armies marched into Korea to establish a foothold on the Asiatic mainland, Japan's course of imperial conquest came to a dramatic end on the evening of August 14 with the unqualified acceptance of the Potsdam declaration subscribed to by the U. S., Britain, China and Russia. Announced to an anxious nation by President Harry S. Truman, the Jap surrender came three years, eight months and one week after the attack on Pearl Harbor. With the Allied powers consenting to his retention on the throne to assure the surrender of Japanese armies scattered throughout Asia and the submission of the homeland to the stiff terms imposed, Emperor Hirohito ordered the nation to lay down its arms as the Tokyo radio reported thousands of downcast subjects bowed in grief before the gates of the imperial palace lamenting their defeat. Having led American ground forces back over the vast tracts of the Pacific to the doorstep of Japan following the crippling blow at Pearl Harbor, General MacArthur was designated to accept the Nipponese surrender along with representatives of the other Allied nations. Coming four days after Tokyo's first offer to give up the fight provided the emperor's sovereignty were respected, and three months after V-- E day, Japan's surrender was greeted with wild enthusiasm throughout the U. S. which joyously celebrated the end of the most destructive and costly war in history without waiting for President Harry S. Truman's official lahnrrrofc Chronology Japanese War of food in the war period, despite reduction of workers on the land. Without the aid of such labor and g machines, there is little doubt that the millions of men in the armed services and the many millions more at home would have long since faced serious food crises that might have jeopardized the outcome of this world struggle. It is true that thousands of persons in war-tor- n countries, cut off from normal food supplies, have perished, and that in areas where the population still depends upon primitive agricultural methods, starvation is not time-savin- r; back-breakin- g ' ' p ' WGg JwJvc, .IkkItv wfj J uncommon. But such disasters serve to underline the importance of substituting improved food producing equipment for the hand tools of the ancients. Man can get along without many things, but not without food or the means of producing it. With the wider distribution of present-daequipment and the new. even more efficient "machine tools of agriculture" to be available after the war, is it too much to hope that the scourge of famine may be stamped out entirely? In any event, the manufacturers of farm equipment can be relied upon to do their utmost toward that end. In the meantime, they are g to produce both for civilians and military purposes. Doing Big War Job. Their factories have been turning out immense quantities of munitions and material for use on land, sea and air, and they will continue to do so as long as the emergency requires. They have produced more repair parts in the last several years y REPAIR FOR 1916 is always easier, costs less and takes less time to prevent a farm machinery breakdown than to fix one. According to present indications, the farmers of 1916 will be utilizing the same prewar ma- .. . ....... , Original John Deere Steel Flow. i 1 f I L Facsimile of original McCormick reaper, which proved one culture's most important machinery developments. It k....w.,l... . ,A. ....... chinery that they operated in 1944 Every farm should have a comfortable work shop, where all can be placed under shelter and gone over on rainy days for the long winter months ahead. As equip-mefinishes its job, it should be cleaned and put away. nt of inquiries from readers of that pcontour publication as to used farming and about the plow he t on his Virginia ioneer farm-Bu- 's Jefferson's efforts to teach the pioneer American farmer to build permanent agriculture, and with community and national prosperity, were soon forgotten in the rush virgin lands that opened up settlers as the Louisiana Purchase and other territorial acquisition toe beckoned young farmers toward and the Pacific. While good farmers on their on conservation followed initiative practices, comparatively little wJ done in an organized manner the United States department takEl agriculture in the '20s began active notice of the erosion of W soil on cultivated lands; set up V' experiment stationJ instituted an intensive study of erosion. In 1935 the Soil Con" w tion service was established and B the middle of last year, 45 of states had soil conservation tricts totaling 1,114 and embrace 620,491,197 acres. tiiii Being vitally interested in an was fort long before there ganized conservation PrSram' anfl industry naturally got behind I Statci operated with the United ernment in helping the farIV "V solve his land problems nationwide program was tf rated, Through personal won. booK and their advertisements, c on the subject farm equipment . panies, their field repress"ana dealers nave nw on suggestions to the farmer P' and fertility, water capacity soils. of the loss venting mid-We- erosi- on-control |