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Show UTAH THE BEAVER PRESS. BEAVER. Yank Fliers Released From Nazi Prison Vast Areas of Spent Timberland Attest to Careless Practices n mi 5 By LYLEF. WATTS (Chief U. S. Forest Service) Recently, in an address before a section of the Society of American Foresters at Mil- waukee, Wis., I discussed the nation's forest situation and presented the need for reasonable public control of the treatment of private forest lands. In commenting on that alpaper, a friend of mine normal "In peleged that, riods the basic American forestry problem is not one of ... scarcities but of surpluses, not of timber famine but of timber abundance." I want to explore that philosophy because, if it is true, there is really no occasion for much concern about forest conservation. In discussing this question of scarcity versus abundance, I want to make it clear that forestry is somed thing more than boards, ties, and other forest products. To me forestry has a human side. It encompasses permanent communities with prosperous industries and a stable tax base. It means good schools, public health and attractive homes. It means security for the worker to invest in a home and for the butcher, the baker, and beauty shop keeper to invest in a business. Seventy per cent of New England is forest land, but 75 per cent of all the wood products consumed in New England comes from outside the region. The only evidence of surplus, so far as I know, is in small material which cannot be marketed even under the intense demand of the huge industrial population. The hurricane of 1938, followed by abnormal wartime requirements for box boards, has left only scattered remnants of merchantable white pine in central New England. Scarcity of stumpage forced several of the leading operators in Massachusetts to move out of that state recently. Even in the wild lands of Maine, most of which have been gone over several times by logging operations since colonial times, the average cut of pulpwood, taking all that is considered merchantable from the ground, is estimated at only four cords per acre. Such an average . certainly implies na troublesome surplus of available cord-woo- low-gra- timber. Not so many generations ago Pennsylvania was the leading source of the nation's lumber supply. In 1941 it ranked 23rd among the states with an output of less than 1 per cent of the total. The original pine forests have been largely replaced by scrub, oak and other hardwoods as a result of fire following logging. The forest survey for Virginia showed sawtimber growth in 1940 some 25 per cent in excess of drain by cutting. So perhaps we should find 4 timber surplus here. But of what significance is an excess of growth over drain when lumber output is only about half of what it was 30 years earlier? The decline in Virginia' lumber output is a reflection of sawtimber scarcity. Stands with as much as 8,000 board feet per acre occupy less than 4 per cent of the total forest area. More wood was consumed by use than for lumher in 1940. The coastal plain and Piedmont regions of the Deep South contain over 150 million acres of land wonderfully adapted to tree growth but not well suited for other purposes. All but a small fraction of the timber has been cat so that any .surplus must be in second growth. s of this great Almost acreage is in thrifty second growth, yet the growing stock is rated at less than half of what it should be. Some 10 million acres, mostly in the longleaf pine belt of the coastal plain, lie denuded. Only of the total cubic volume of pine is s, sawlog material and almost of that is in trees less than 18 inches in diameter. In spite of the ease of reproduction and the exceptionally rapid growth of the more valuable pines, hardwoods now account for almost 60 per cent of the cubic volume of all trees. The timber supply is vital to the great agricultural states of the Middle West. The situation became so acute in 1942 that two large farm cooperatives bought sawmills in distant forest regions in order to be sure of having the lumber they needed. Had the forests of this region been given proper care from the beginning, farmers might still be able to meet many of their reeds from local timber. Most of the older barns In southern Ohio and Indiana, for non-lumb- th three-fourth- one-fourt- h three-fourth- SAVE lvW .'V. g shad-bush- M W;i5 s if I nt one-tent- ' -- .i 7- Almost Everything Went Underground in Fra - IP'-- Pkinfr-a- d ' is muc National War Fund Drive: thai a i :es Want sationa Almost Half of Money to Go Toward Cheering U. S. Fighters rine who see that the vital cargoes of munitions and materials of war get through to the fighttion October 1 in every city ing fronts; War Prisoners aid, and county of the United which provides recreational, States to back up the fighting educational and cultural materials for prisoners of war to affronts in providing essential ford an antidote for the boredom own our for services wartime so aptly termed "barbed wire and our Allies. disease." In a single united appeal in some 10,000 communities throughout the Approximately 32 cents out of evUnited States, this army of volunery national war fund dollar will be teer workers, enlisted under the spent to provide emergency relief aegis of the national war fund and for civilian victims of war in the united war chests, is seeking con- nations of our Allies, overrun and tributions for the support of local occupied by the Nazi invaders. welfare services and to provide for Assistance for the peoples of the the needs of the men and women of Axis dominated nations includes: our own armed forces, American food and clothing for Chinese war prisoners of war, the men of our orphans: medical kits and medicine merchant marine and civilian war for the Yugoslavs; subsistence victims among the United Nations. rations for millions of starving The combined objective of the seeds to replant the Greeks; scorched earth of Russia; dried milk volunteers in this army Is contributions in excess of $250,000,-00for undernourished Norwegian Beneficiaries of this vast school children; food packages foi fund will be an estimated 60,000,-00- 0 Belgian refugees; seed packets for British Victory gardens to ease the people who, in some way, will be touched by the services critical food shortage; aid for of the federated war chests and of Polish refugees scattered the tZ member agencies of the throughout the world; care in this national war fund. country for child evacuees frorr When the operations of this vast Europe; food and clothing for needy army have been concluded, it is be- people of France; and aid of various lieved that approximately 35.000,000 kinds for war victims of Czechoslo individuals and family groups will vakia, Luxembourg, Denmark, Holhave contributed to the vital work land and Italy. of the various organizations, both at The remainder of the war fund home and in some 91 major geo- dollar, including s for adgraphical areas on six continents. ministration, will be held in a continOut of every dollar contributed for gent fund for emergency needs anc the national war fund agencies, 46V& unforeseen developments resulting cents will be spent to provide com- from the liberation of occupied na fort, entertainment and relaxation tions. for our own armed forces. , The "home-fron- t" army will The expenditure of this proportake to its task with the followtion of contributions will finance ing message of inspiration from Cen. Dwight D. Eisenhower, the activities of the following ISO, which brings supreme commander of the Allied expeditionary force: "Ail a touch of home to onr fighting Americans know it is a priviforces In some 3,000 units from Alaska to Brazil and from Newlege to contribute to the national foundland to Hawaii; USO camp and community war funds in this shows, which carry professional year of liberation. Complemententertainment around the globe ing our military campaigns, the to our servicemen and women in services which flow from these funds reach out to friends and combat cones, In base stations Seamen's and hospitals: Vnltt-neighbors at home and abroad and to the oppressed peoples of service, which maintains a chain the world. of hotels on six continents and rest centers In this country for (Signed) Dwight D. Eisenhower." the men of our merchant ma "home front" army four million strong went into acA jenius bdSd. Rrct. H7nnni1f1 . V.nf- iemini ,i L f. nni?A,lrrnnnil nnil wAmnlMnJ J J I iciu.uicu iui a90 ua)a uuruig 1M, . . . . ,. it m out. i . Domuings (rigni;. nomaeoi were not all that went underground. American army discovered vast storesaruiiery of Swiss cheese (left) the GermanJ 1 . . . 1a l it ta kAM.1 til oave nroia fniai1 4a .v me uis wm icu.uu. uw 4L. crackers, w someuuig special lo put on tneir the Nazis will be without their prize cheese. ... Fr . fi l.!any ie yea e Newest Watch on the Rhine Saddle and Boots r the pi annoi 'ety Co First P: Jed in i.3 lie of Second 'leg v 11 ! , - I ' i t t Third ' i F1?t$ , v wa ich tacher v i strip; jes ani reel z ire C 0. mil-Uon- it I.. ' Kit two-third- GOOD TIMBER IN WOODLOT Wood from poorly formed trees burns just as well as wood from trees. Wood from future saw-lo, such weed trees as ironwood, and even beech, has a high heating value. The temptation is to strip the woodlot when firewood is cut, thereby destroying local and national resources for the future. "The Winter Fuel and A Better Woodlot," is one slogan that has been used by many woodland owners in this state. Ca contributed so bountifully to' the development of the Middle West are J now little more than memories. Ali For though some old growth chiefly still remains, the most hardwood significant aspect is the large proportion of inferior species, notably Jack pine and aspen, in the second v growth. ' r example, were built of yellow poplooked in vain for timber Having if lar. Yellow poplar grows almost as forest in other to fast as any of our softwoods and is surpluses we turn at important West last to the ust as easily worked. But today it regions, coast is far too precious to put into barns. The timber of Idaho and Montana It is no longer a significant part of was almost untouched up to 1900. the stock of the local lumber yards. But the wave of depletion is rolling All the big pine operations are now this country with startling through gone from the Missouri Ozarks. Outspeed. In Idaho the five northern put of softwood lumber in Missouri counties were opened up first and in 1942 was only 30 million board were soon pretty thoroughly exfeet. Yet in 1899 most of the three-fourtOutput reached a peak of Fatt billion board feet of lumber ploited. 705 million board feet in 1925. In 1937 cut in that state was softwood. baby 292 million. was Obviously it only Throughout the hill country from in these northern counties ingly ovt eastern Ohio to western Missouri, payrolls i3i taut declined in about the same ration as :w.;: Jfro At ia'"' '....'amJi. millions of acres of once magnificent lumber ur flwer production. Towns like Sand-poi( V H'ijTt'' fit hardwood forests have degenerated and Coeur d'Alene were hard .fronts a into mere brush cover. Many of the hit and Spokane turned its eyes .en, rabbi from the panhandle of Idaho to the pattern i Grand Coulee dam. Lee these The increased output now coming from the five counties farther south h rests on a precarious base. Only L w small of the 10 million acres of fornii colors, est in North Idaho is in white pine jl plants sawtimber yet this tenth is bearing for hot showers and new clothing Left shows Yanks released from Romanian prison camps lining up the brunt of current cut. White pine -nne op for id I ,B requir Lower are outfits deiousea. 6'""f old ui their ngui, "w, output is now Vh times what the forwas in postmaster Romanian prJ jl the mos cream sodas in Egypt. Upper left, Sergt. Eddy Lauary, Lancaster, Ohio, ests can sustain. .. invs his first American meal. nhin pn r, r.i,,mhno ,,j your iiJ " But even within this region, the KlgiH, lorp. ueorgo vare, ind 15 cen apparent surplus is local in character. The only area still largely un"SSWSWW" developed is a portion of southern w vtrt i.sOregon. In the older districts, jl Enclose I' notably around Puget Sound, the bulk of the readily accessible sawEven in New England, where this timber has been removed. Sawmills huge red oak towering 130 feet up and have shut down and pulp mills have The measuring almost 20 feet in circumfer- assumed greater importance. ence was cut, there is no real timber available stand is no longer as large surplus. as the growing stock needed to sushardwood industries of the Ohio and tain a cut commensurate with the Mississippi valleys must now pay growth capacity of the land. The lower Columbia river district heavy transportation charges for raw material from other regions in with 170 large mills and 40 billion order to continue operation. Some of feet of sawtimber is already feeling them face extinction. the pinch of scarcity. About half of v The lake states affords one of W fi-M- uf the private sawtimber belongs to L-, i? the most serious chapters of our two large companies. Most of the I SPECI forest history. Here are some 53 other mills face difficulty in getting million acres of generally level the timber they need for long-tim- e the W forest land, favorably located operation. ;rticularl with reference to important inI want to close by stating my conSeason dustrial and agricultural secviction that a comprehensive legisconscic tions. Extensive clear cutting lative charter is needed to give effriend and uncontrolled forest fire have fect to a national for:eed, bu made a large part of this area est policy and to strengthen the an economic liability. Don't lis foundation for timely postwar action The white pine and red pine which in the forestry field. it be Sees Forest Conservation Need: BY BURNING cut in the woodlot Usually, should be no more than 30 per cent in any one year, and the sooner another cut can be made from the same woodland. Cutters should keep hardwood in mind that a tree 10 inches on the stump is probably 50 years old, but wiuld yield log containing four only a board feet, Doyle scale, or 0.09 standard cord of wood. In eight years more this tree would be 12 Inches, would contain 16 board feet the well-forme- d six-inc- h POORER and fir broncho, shows the boys bull-- f anil iho nia hnm a Bnlll-o'ger acts. From the West's to e open spaces, he has gone east tn:i iAlir .i iiiciiiuci v. hp irinM (lie k. Reie forces and kids of New continue to operate during war' morale builder. S The 1944 version of the "Watch on the soldier in command post as he guards the h,M main outlet to the sea. Allied troops have taken command of 1" fallen stronghold of the Germans 1 nhi. ' u 8CCUn British f the Rhinc. Yank Bombers Hit Philippines M the HP u.. th8t Collie Does Watch j g X ' iJ f tr s ;.. .' T v., ' V ' ; a . STANDS (four times as much lumber), oi 0.17 cord of wood. If left fifteen yean this tree would be 14 inches on thi stump, would contain 36 board fee in the first log and 8 in the seconc cord of wood. log, or Green wood will burn, but sea soned wood is preferred, as it it lighter to handle, has more hea . An nil tln-.- n. j.. value, and forms less creosote it ?u direct bomb i r the chimney. Most of the seasoning takes place during the first si; from the Third Fleet. As the result f this rafd planes were destroyed, and the months after the tree is cut. in anticipation of MacArthur Wt - y . - wm.. one-quart- fTl " Ju TJ, The lady watching the sailor, happens to be one golden haired collie pops. comp Z cently became prt of the ment of Twin U. S. She has two weather eyes pe' anyone disturbing her master ljJJ " ,han UnfagJwtmUnlnn ba" 200 em, COntlnu " Nv' V'L jou to mi Nri trtwi tbli nisT ' allio ( few. U :t,Cldiso |