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Show BEAVER PRESS Tt urvilfi be nleasant to chrorvicle the fact that Andrew Jackson, after eight turbulent years in the White House, returned to his beloved Hermitage near Nashville, Tenn., to spend his remaining years in peace. Unfortunately, the opposite was true. When he went to Washington in 1829, he carried $5,000 with him. When he returned to Tennessee in 1837 there was just $90 in his wallet. And that fact is symbolic of the career of Andrew During Jackson, his long absence in the service of the nation his personal fortunes had suffered and through the remaining years of his life he was to know little relief from financial difficulties. Most of this was due to his adopted son, Andrew Jackson, Jr., who seems to have had little of the strength of character or ability of his foster father. For he became "involved in a bottomless bog of debts" for which his father was in no way responsible but which he chose to assume because of "a supersensitiveness to personal honor and because of an affection for the boy which nothing had been able to de- Posterity Gives Jackson an Honor Bestowed Upon No Other American It Has "Marked Author Out an Epoch and Called It by the Name of One Man," Says the of "Old Hickory" In Which He Is Portrayed as One of the Greatest of a New Biography Presidents Who Has Ever Occupied the White House in Washington. ) Western Newspaper Union. www cele- January 8 Is widely honor of brated a "Jackson Day" In over tne Andrew Jackson' victory New Orlens, British In the battle of which contributed materially to hi l election to the presidency later. This article, appropriate to the observance of that day, li based upon the new Porbioeraphy, "Andrew Jackson by trait of a President," written recentMarquis Jamci and published of company Merrill Bohns ly by the courtesy Indianapolis, through whose from the several of the Illustrations book are herewith reproduced. NOTE ' 1 t ,3.4 1 X A ' S A, ' V . , 1 By ELMO SCOTT WATSON 4, 1837. MARCH many anoth- er Inauguration day in the city of Washington, this one was "bright and stroy." balmy." Down the steps of the Executive Mansion Washing-tonian- s had only recently began calling it the "White House" came two men. One of them was slight in stature, something of a "dandy" in dress and appearance Martin Van Buren of Kinderhook, N. Y., the "Little Magician," the "Red Fox," who was about to become President of the United States. The other was a more commanding figure, somewhat bent with age and recent illness. He leaned heavily on a cane, but there still flashed from his eyes that indomitable look which had caused men to hail him as "Old Hickory." They entered a carriage and rode up Pennsylvania avenue toward the Capitol. A thunder of cheering rose from the thousands who lined that famous thoroughfare, then died down quickly and xnen removed their hats in reverential silence as the d old man in the carriage passed. The same silence spread over the multitude that filled the east lawn of the Capitol as the two men appeared on the portico. It held while Chief Justice Taney administered the oath of office, while Martin Van Buren was delivering his inaugural address and even as Andrew Jackson started slowly down the broad steps. Then suddenly, as though unloosed by a signal, a mighty shout was raised. Thomas Hart silver-haire- IV r y white-haire- PRESIDENT ANDREW JACKSON From portrait made at the White Bouse In owned by the New York Historical Society. 1835 by Ashel B. Durand, now tenants, silenced the unwilling and drove its preparation the author of the on to victory. All this rested en the n Pulitzer "The philosophy of majority rule. A Biography of Sam HousWhen a majority was not at hand he endeavored to create it. When this ton" and of "Andrew Jackson could not be done in time, he went The Border Captain," has put ahead anyhow. He was the majority pro years of research during which tem. Unfailingly at the next elecUon, he examined no less than 40,000 the people would return a vote of confidence, making his measures their ewn. documents, not to mention hun- This confidence was not misplaced. If dreds of printed sources of infor- not every day In the year providing a of and by the people. Anmation. And, as one critic has government drew Jackson did provide one for them. observed, "the result an accuHe lived valor. The people like rate and properly proportioned that because byit is exciting and because it in clothes them the mantle of Fortuna, portrait of Andrew Jackson, the with enormous power over the destiny President is a striking illustra- of a public servant. Andrew Jackson carried his political life In the hollow of tion of the truth of the observahis hand, ready to risk It for the cause tion of Carlyle that a of the hour whether that cause were life is almost as rare a3 a great or small, good or bad . . . Time and again, heedlessly and needlessly, he one." himself to Ra-ye- prize-winni- well-writte- well-spe- nt e "Why was it that the people loved him so?" asks Biographer James, after describing the scene when "Old Hickory" stepped down from the Presidency. "In thronged Washington, where men .JSKi ! r iff V si. est: Kpoj a y ; if n destruction by the exposed popular will. That the people did not him bewildered the opposition. destroy "Jackson's Luck" became a Whig byword. Jackson's luck was the kind that gains respect for the proverb that fortune favors the brave. Fortune also favors the competent. The opposition to Jackson . . . was not No other composed of straw men. President has confronted a coalition of adversaries so able or so well furnished with the ordinary resources of political welfare. Henry Clay, Daniel Webster, John C Calhoun, Nicholas Biddle: Old Hickory met those great captains and their legions separately and in alliance. He beat them to their knees. Nor were the peculiar gifts Jackson brought to the Presidency successful alone in the management of the domestic concerns of a democracy. His foreign policy raised the prestige of the young American nation to a height not before attained among the powers of the world. Genuine respect abroad for American rights dates from Jackson. Through It all he had walked humbly. Departing for home one summer he directed mail to be forwarded to him, as follows: "Hermitage, near the Fountain of Health, Davidson County, Tennessee." The Fountain of Health was a healing spring ol popular resort and. In the General's esUmation, the most widely known place In the locality. If proof of the accuracy of that estimate of Andrew Jackson is needed, if additional evidence is desired to show why he was beloved by the people of his time and why his name is honored by Americans of today almost as TlIE FOURTH HERMITAGE much as are the names of WashFinished t 18U after iU predecessor had been destroyed by Bre, save for portions of the exterior walls which were used In rebuilding la the background, right, ington and Lincoln, perhaps both h Tulip Grove, the residence of Andrew Jackson Donelson. From aa engraving can be found in the statements of made la US and ewned by the Ladies' Hermitage Association. some of his contemporaries. A Benton of Missouri, who was slept in barbers' chairs, the ques- in German nobleman, visiting this country during the "reign there that day, afterwards said: tion was debated that night as it of an unnamed Jackson," "It was a cry such as power was destined to be debated a hun- senator, "whoquoted assumed to speak to dred come." never commanded, nor man in years without partisanship" as follows: power received. It was affection, From all that discussion Mr. "General Jackson called himgratitude and admiration . . . the James synthesizes this answer: self the people's friend and gave acclaim of posterity breaking Jackson wat bom and reared In a He from the bosoms of contemporar- frontier aristocracy unpretentious, It Is proofs of his sincerity understood the people of the Unitbut all that an aristocracy could true, I felt an emotion which ies to In the Waxhawi of that day and ed States better, perhaps, than had never passed through me be- attain time. Hacking his way upward in the Tennessee fore." wilderness, he rose to the any President before him, and height of spokesman for one frontier developed as much energy in his It lasted for only a moment. clas against another nabobs versus administration as any American Then . . . "Midway down the leatherthirts. Climbing higher, Jackson statesman . . . Whether a spokesman for the whole alill his became stone stairs General Jackson un- most autonomoui West In the contests measures were beneficial to the covered and bowed. A gentle arising from the opposed Interests of the is beside the point; they wind stirred his silvery locks. settled, commercial seaboard. The things people were in unison with his political of the West, even the nabob West, adThe tumult died." vocated then seemed alluring to the landdoctrines and carried through and the propertylesa of the tidewaAnd thus "Old Hickory" took less ter cities. This fermentation shaped Into with an iron disregard of perleave of the Presidency of the a political movement during the hard sonal consequence, notwithstandUnited States and "after eight times of 1818 22. found the underprivand the lackalls of the East one ing the enormous opposition that years laid down his burden, un- ileged wealth and talent could put in the with the established current of western suspecting that on his times was thought. way of their execution." Andiew Jackson brought te the Presian impress so characteristic and And Daniel Webster, one of dency fewer personal ambitions than any so deep that posterity would acman excepting Washington. The gradthose whom he "met and beat to cord to Andrew Jackson an honor ual alteration from a border conservatheir knees," once declared: to a national liberal Is noteworthy, as yet vouchsafed no other Ame- tive but other eminent men have spanned "General Jackson is an honest ricanthat of marking out an a scale of change. John and upright man. He does what Patrick Henry storm Into epoch in our national history and Adams and he thinks is right, and does it history not as liberals, but as revolucalling it by the name of one tionists with all his might." shouting for bayonets and barman." ricades They rattle out. not as con"He does what he thinks is servatives but as cantankermerely, So writes Marquis James in his ous reactionaries right, and does it with all his "Andrew Jackson Portrait of a as a people's man. Jackson Emerging proffered might" ne ordinary claims to that many an American President," the second and con- distinction No mere arbiter between like would to think that such a cluding volume of a biography (net ons of followers, he ttrnrie forth to statement is the essence of his which critics are virtually unaniIntpire. to lead, to govern. He not only own credo. But, realizing that but ruled He saw for the people mous in hailing as "by all odds reigned what they could not see for themthe best and most absorbing ac- selves The bank isvie was as good as he docs not live up to that ideal, there is some comfort for him after the passing of the twenties count ef the life of Old Hickory dead in giving his loyal devotion to a revived It. lashed up an apathetthat hns yet been written." Into Jackson ic r'Uc. Inched up apathetic lieu man who does! : r-- Nor were these personal affairs the only ones to trouble Andrew Jackson. Although he had retired from public life, that did not mean he was no longer concerned with the welfare of his country. Probably no other has ever had such a direct part in shaping the destinies of the nation after leaving the White House as did Andrew Jackson. He had brought about the election of Martin Van Buren and he helped his successor guide the ship of state safely through the shoals during the panic year of 1837. "With hearing failing, right eye nearly useless, and memory ward uncertain, the rior was still a chieftain guiding, inspiring, strengthening faint hearts from his inexhaustible store of courage." Even when "Old Tippecanoe" Harrison defeated Van Buren in 1841 the old for man was undaunted. By the time 1 ... ... r much-courte- ' "" f M ' , - - Wfev - I " ': : ' - JACKSON IN RETIREMENT From a print of a drawing from life by William II. Brown, owned by Emil Edward Ilarja of New York City. another campaign came around the annexation of Texas that republic which Old Hickory's lieutenant, Sam Houston, had helped found was the most important question of the day. Jackson wanted Texas in the Union. But Martin Van Buren, again a candidate for the Democratic nomination, feared to risk defeat at Norththe hands of ern Democrats and straddled. So James K. Polk won the nomination and the election. There was no doubt where Polk stood on the Texas question. But disquieting rumors came to Jackson. Sam Houston was flirting with England Texas might become a British province instead of coming into the Union. There were several weeks of painful doubt for the patriarch of the Hermitage while Sam Houston off was "playing England, France, Mexico and the United States against each other in the cockpit of diplomacy." He was trying to win for Texas the best possible bargain in return for surrendering her sovereignty. Then in May, 1845, came word that Houston would accept the terms of annexation offered in a resolution passed by congress and signed by John Tyler on March 1, three days before he turned over his office to his successor. "Glorious tidings! Old Hickory traced a note to James K. Polk: 'I knew British gold could not buy Sam Houston!' Fighting for breath Jackson signed his name. 'My lamp is nearly burned out, and the last glimmer has come.' " As a matter of fact, his lamp had been burning out for the last five years. But Andrew Jackson simply WOULD NOT DIE until Texas was safely n the Union. It was not until Ju.ie 6, 1845, that the "last glimmer" really came. anti-slave- ry Washington. The hysteria of war is in the air. It has been increasing in tempo and it War may throw us out Hysteria ot our senseas a equilibrium nation unless we watch our step. It is, indeed, a time for all people to keep their sense of direction and to avoid unnecessary and dangerous acts of an inflammatory character. The sinking of the American gunboat, Panay, by the Japanese In the Yangtse river of China apparently has set fire to tinder because there have been outbursts of all sorts since that inexcusable incident of early December. There can be excuse or apology by the Japanese on end, but neither excuse nor apology will satisfy most Americans. They feel properly that Japan is trying to rub our collective noses into the ground and nearly every person wants to do something about a thing of that kind. On the other hand, I am convinced that the answer lies in another direction; it is. to be found, I believe, in exacting a promise from the Japanese that they will cut out those tactics. If their promises mean anything, it will be better to accept them and hope that we may not be confronted with another such incident In any event, there is plenty of evidence that the majority of the American people desire to avoid war. They will continue to cherish peace unless elements in our nation lead us in another direction by use of war propaganda. I include in those elements the government itself. I do so because the government, by use of propaganda, can come pretty close to leading the nation by the nose if it so desires. It can build up sentiment against the Japanese until there is a white heat I and a demand for vengeance. believe President Roosevelt is trying to avoid war at this juncture. There is a basis for this belief in the fact that the Department of State has withheld some of the facts about the Panay sinking. These facts, as rumored, are of a character that easily could fan flames of added hatred. On this basis, it appears at least that Mr. Roosevelt i3 seeking to avoid conclusions by the nation. But as was said by an earlier President: the time to prepare for war is while the nation is at peace. That is to say, the nation must have its defenses solid, substantial; it must take nothing for granted in a world that is fraught with unrest and uncertainty, racked by suspicion, permeated to the very core with chicanery and scheming of alleged statesmen. The smallest boy will not "jump on" another who will hit him on the chin if the attack is unjustified. That is human nature, and human nature is about the same over the whole world. A year ago I wrote something in these columns in support of the President's program for building up the army, navy and air corps. It seemed then to be wise. It is certainly shown now to have been the proper course. Our nation is at least partially ready to strike back and the progress thus made has been accomplished without the waste that characterized our movements in 1917. Noting that I said "partially ready," I want to call attention here to one way in which we are not ready, a condition in which we are quite vulnerable. We have a great army structure on paper. From it, the army can be expanded rapidly and successfully. The air corps can be developed quickly. The navy is being built up. The whole program is one of defense. In taking stock of the situation, however, one must give considera-tio- n to "replace-Gun- s ments. "You can and Men have all of the men and all of the ships needed, but if the guns they use can not be replaced when they are worn out, what good are they? I do not mean that we have no reserve. We have a reserve, but war takes its toll of guns as well as men. Guns are made of steeL Steel is made of manganese, as well as Iron. Manganese puts the starch in steel, hardens it so that it is usable for such things as guns along with the million and one other items of tools and equipment that we have to have in our everyday life. No substitute ever has been found for It The Germans learned this to their sor row back in 1918. They attempted to use a substitute. Their runt tnn buckled. Their heavy artillery was useless. Thus, we must look to our manga-ens- e stores stores which might suddenly become nonexistent because 93 per cent of all that we use is imported. International trade started our trend in the direction of buying ore abroad where cheap labor Is employed. Secretary Hull s policies by which reciprocal trade agreemenls are worked out have finished the job We find ourselves in a position, therefore, where we could be cut off overnight from our supply of a material necsis' JUL L This tragic condition exisU when we have vast untapped within our own borders and in Cuba, 90 miles away fr0IIt plenty like to shores. It is true, the bute Featu mines tells me, that our ort "fter-di- i lower grade than that imported bat mi Russia, or from the gold coatNew Africa, or from Brazil. It j, j,ifcg ar moreover that American oretet the be treated by a special procesj with sc fore it can be used. It seeufcurry t me nevertheless that our teapots a ought to be made where that can be done and ent policies distinctly do not do;fo forg Political and economic views stock rr vent it ttem y. Let us examine this situatiswha 5t lem more detail. The great sourct manganese at the moment is S But 0 Russia. Fifty per cent of all wterland: is imported from Russia. it;torsis; fact that this is the finest mtical si nese to be found, and it is a fcPen 81 fact that American steel compsjne!hbc sell vast quantities of steel to !lde sia because they buy mangi;Tince1 there. On the other hand, I bel1 i5 it is inevitable that Japan andPKKed a sia will have to fight it out sec or later. If they go to war, twrmuli is not a chance that we can buj? te b l manganese from that quartet.-wilbe the long haul from Afric85 Pa re' Brazil thereafter and a long in wartime means grave danf , ; 1 With Brazil under a dictators none can foretell what would iX7r' VV fc front us in that direction. how, fi Then I included Cuba uthiags Now, source of supply. It is only becommc American ca;Wait i Cuba has perseverebsolet Shut Out making avaLYter1 the Cuban maJunk, a nese deposit. The Manganase corporation has exp Assu ed large sums for establishinCUS bil beneficiation process on a perma.teoat i basis. The bureau of mines those me that corporation has succtjr foui ed, but due to Secretary Kflenry reciprocal trade policies, even toko a company can hardly get into s Toil American market. You see, Set tary Hull made a trade treaty !ave ere Brazil that reduced the tariff When that Florid by 50 per cent. done, the reduction in duty imrrcompl' ately became available to allTowns tions since we must treat aJBut th them alike. The treaty by St&e pi; tary Hull which was by President Roosevelt therefpertie: spelled death for the chances ofther velopment of the manganese m. within our own borders. To show further how these rcp1 m rocal trade policies have ruined own chances, let me call atten611111 to the fact that the government0011' self has developed an eIectro'ul' 8 process at the ereat Boulder P16 ni that will make high grade nese from the ore in this cour So here we have a governrr,iaB i owned project and a great reser'Slii from Cuba available and notr" can be done about it simply cause they can not compete 4er ' the cheaper ore from abroad400"6 cheaper because of cheap or foras-labo- r and Secretary Hull's ur Nor I plainable cut in tariff duties. national policy always insistedwne' an American standard of livingrial Americans. That means hig B8V wages. It is a correct policy. ,t; why, I ask, does Secretary destroy a home Industry on the fleP hand and provide for profits of f10" eigners on the other when we cB0e to a policy of the kind mentioni r,inne i 1 Cuban-Amerure- d 1 Pe appr.-tiona- mainl lr t6 Of is immediate urgency, a supply howe-- npHi C on hand. CongrRayn passed legislaranch Stock-Pil- e to provide foiwere tock pile, a ; Tha Needed serve on hand hand! der ownership of the governrrered Itself. That law provided for the w vestment of $40,000,000 which ww t acquire approximately 1,000,000 lYork, of manganese. The War departrreede called for bids. Americans. Witb course, could not compete with I "M eigners. Even the Cuban compGran could not make an ofTer witthe s reach. Something has held up"Ai contract award, however, and trHrber has been delay. I am fearful t'aaid some of our steel companies hbuild urged War department specifr Thi tions that would not permit AnKyoutt cans to participate In the contrinllei because of the low grade or born, this country, but In any event frob; Hull tariff reduction would hold torc mines outside. Bvt I am all for that stock-pildle"le It would be one foundation stone J" the wall of defense which 1 belien the nation ought to have. But alone would not solve our gene' problem. We can not continue ever with the present policies So' time in the future, there will be war in which this nation will have pari There can be no doubl q that. So while all of the variccay() planning by the New Deal goes ji why not give thought to develj 7; mcnt of a defense as well as more abundant life or protection jrjji, the underprivileged. jisdi - e 'j "f, C Weatern Newspaper Union. j fflci |