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Show I I I Kw f Portrait of a Patriot ; I ' i 1 WATSON ELMO SCOTT ' ascribed as "the forgot E BA" i,n wrote the words that no sis on June 3 (hnMwly 1 ' Jt'j- - 14. ..Imstances under which our national -thus cnnsicucu " They also know the most Americans. But man who did the christening. jf thp a Ln.Jml I. ..ktfni if one oiu uuuuim wu.u toll ? ! about l.im where he was born, f Trt of man lie grew up to be and what t'nMDed to him after that high point la rT..i.0n hp stood on the deck of a Brit- .ml looking toward bombarded For tne tlavv"'s early llsl't'" SUW "ttmt try 1 !-a- L hi was I, nn Uei i I stiu more about bim they better tlian to get a copy of the bw Story of Francis Scott Weybright and pub Mm) TJInphnrh of Npw i. recenuj u. i.',iitp of tiii3 It Is the fl11 complete biography Baonor-'i- ntten man, ti Reserves teen his lot. wb0 this te ;tbe for Cot w It It 4 tW astly dew !i the myjj) dresses. Victor - F.ii inmrrn rirrvmr ......v nr a ... Nn i bettor man tne ncgieci tua Fort Riivs Henrij place of his birth. also a true Son was V" ' '' IS -- ' i' w. j ; '( ' ' ! Imp ' ' t looli Base Ke4 uriously ot Fort pith rerse. f Certainly It was the influence of Cncle Philip determined that he should become Iwyer and which sent him to St. John's col-2In Annapolis where he could be under the te of the uncle who was already oue of the ading attorneys of Maryland. After his graduation from St. John's, It was e Influence of Uncle Philip which placed him the office of Judge Jeremiah Towniey Chase read law. Studying In Judge Chase's office hi another fledgling lawyer destined for fame Brooke Taney, recently graduated from Dickinson college at Carlisle, Pa. The two be-- f w close friends and their relationship beenme en closer when Taney met Ann Key, fell In o with her and married her. Years later he iWch U' ilj' r k? In ml r reliifiE" f (iti:rr f n to become the Chief Justice Taney of the Court who handed down decision. f I In the summers Key returned to Terra Rubra spend his vacation and there In two succes In Jfjre years two significant events occurred. he met fourteenyear-olMary Tayloe 'Joyd whom he married five years later. "In the Isumnier of 17DS, , , . he heard for the first time Political song to the tune of 'To Anacreon In the melody that was to make him i'leaven,' It was 'Adams and Liberty,' President Adams' firm notes to France "id England, and It became one of the most wpular gongs ever In America. Its author, sting Kobert Treat Paine, had written It for the of a Charitable Fire Society In Massachu-Thwords were, rousing. The tune was weL Even Jeffersonlans sang It lustily." After completing his studies In Annapolis, Key 'MU to Frederick, Mil., to begin the practice of . After he was married he moved to George-wn- , Just outside of Washington, the new Capll there t() Plll'Iirrn In tha nranHna nf InW with bis Uncle Philip. "As a lawyer, he developed nt0 an orlginn! nleader. Ilia voice, firm, sonor- onS. mellow. Ilia romnrlrul.lv iltuHnrtpniincla- tlon- - n,s t striking, erect, figure, were his llfldlllniT Ilia nrolnnf anil IterROnS hnn exceeded his logic. He neglected to pierce unlades with reason. Instead, he resorted to "nmanltarlnn ap.eals. His countenance, calm ,nd expressionless in ronnw now betrayed his MlrnPntaty Uko a tragic actor, when he rew his whole soul Into a speech his face nected how deeply he was moved . . ." 80 Francis on of the out- Scott kv hPi-QJinK of his time a fact which Is attorneys ' l who tle known by his "lnk of him onlv th author r thplr national nthem. with his unck, who was one of the nnrt ID m.i."dC tic iiau a mlnnr t lmPeachment trial of Samuel Chase of the courtl "tbe flr8t reat le8al battle tha ,Z r0fed the federal government" Soon after this trial, which resulted In the multtal of Chase, Philip Barton Key retired 10 ln Practice of law and turned the business to his nephew. His Bret Important case as the defense of Dr, Erich Bollman and who were Implicated In Burr's jimted Mates Supreme "e historic hred Scott p 4 e sli-foo- fellow-America- Ai I of the Memorial Ketj Memorial A ESCUE hi - s. W enough tiie man wKo was to Influ e Francis Scott Key's life most was not a cclorti! li Irlot but a Tory his nncie, t'niup barton job who had been studying law In Philadel orders! ja at the outbreak of the Revolution, joined i British army there and became an oflicer 39 red ft Maryland Loyalist regiment. So the Revo jjion was a civil war for the Keys as it was ric. i many another family. rred to a f Francis Scott Key was six when Uncle Philip write pliii Irton Key, the erstwhile Tory, forgiven by his :ss, sm hily and pardoned by the government, came toe from England. It was a gala day, JtteSsrf gt may have been the Influence of Uncle Philip Jth his penchant for poetry or It may have ml, aw en an Inheritance from an ancestor, who was Tort, J I fifteenth century poet laureate of England, It In any case Francis Scott Key began writing V ses as a boy and continued (Jolng so all his At first he wrote this for the entertain- nt of himself and of his sister, Ann Phoebe rlton Key. When, as a youth, he began to pi In love he wooed the girl of the moment r&lch Mc II Scott Key, like Adam, of the American Before ne was oorn, jonn koss lotion. bis father, marched away to the siege of ui uuc ui l"c .umjiauu ODllS a lieuieiiaiil inies of expert riflemen whose coming gave a thrill of joy to His Excellency, Gen. aucr ins until iiic triuci r?e nasniDgioil. rode away to Virginia to light with Lafay against Benedict Arnold and Lord Corn y i. Itself m 'lie came of the ne was Dorn weyongnr. kt 1 1779. t Terra Huora, nis ranniy And the Maryland redlands." try seat in ssu be became a mueu luwyvr aim u with some of the nation's greatest in the to ttie enu or nis aays ne re innai Capital, soil with a passionate love the of son a bed raocis wh lad ' nnt to lcurn written t'V The senate has In Its favorite pas- time of straining gnats and the Dang trout swallowing camels. Its latest camel that was swallowed at one gulp and with the same ease as the man on the tlylng trapeze was Wagner lapassage of the bor disputes hill. The consensus seems to lie that reformers In the senate reached the ulghwater mark when they capitulated to the labor lobby and put further Insurmountable dillicultles In the way of recovery for business. Of course, the Wagner bill still must run the gauntlet of house passage. It appears, however, that the labor lobby will drive it through there substantially in its present form unless smaller communities In the United Stales awaken to the dangers of such legislation. The probabilities tire that house memhome In bers will not hear time to Influence their votes and prevent passage of the legislation. The bill, drafted by the German-bor- n Senator Wagner (Iem., N. V.) creates a national labor relations board. This body will have almost judicial powers In settling labor disputes and In connection with those powers the board can actually say to an employer of workers that he must not promote an organization among them other than of the type of their own choosing. In other weirds, a labor agitator representing the American Federation of Labor will be permitted to enter anybody's shop and organize the workers aud the employer will be powerless to prevent It. If, however, he sought to have his workers organize themselves Into a union not affiliated with organized labor, the proposed labor relations board can order It stopped. Actually, and titer seems to be little dispute of this potentiality In the legislation, it Is designed to establish the American Federation of Labor In this country as a class strong enough to control the management of commerce and Industry. Although the senate action in passage of the bill was overwhelming, It was not accomplished until the Democratic Senator Tydings of Maryland Bhouted over the din the warning that the measure would ruin chances of business recovery. The Maryland senator sought to amend the bill with a provision prohibiting coercion and Intimidation of employees by "anyone whatsoever." Then Senator Tydings told the senate : "If you do not accept this amendment, talk of freedom for labor Is a farce." Wagner Bill at the M to the American of which we cele BrxxjKe Roqer Tanej the v nrr!pll- to " " in their preme court and which resulted conspiracy, rnis speciacuiar quittal. r raucis SU- - ac- - - .... . coll rvey ikk"" barrister definitely established him as a leading . . . ills maimer ui oi the -e of twenty-eight- . now ob- ipeech, previously taken for granteu. . ne a o ca me a minor sensation, im ami in minuter law cases Increased n- portance." In the meantime, events were shaping ii i" Mm his -createst the lnciuem iin Kaon fnrrPil fO luKP hn.l rue voung nauoi na'j fame to decisive action against the P.arbary pirates naval othcers, the When commerce. nrotect Its H,tiipnml tn A ftlP r. ho had subdueu tne corsuns, icm...... . n.v were much feted. For one of these a song in honor festive dinners Key composed .... i . if tn tha mil- - ..... ! i ' young Stephen uecauir mm other of "To Anacreon In Heaven." Among u.r was a reierence i In song the l3es lh wl h natlon"-wh- Ich our of star spangled flag an a si l r Intl Rl V the tune to wnicn u was - uuk,was to write 111 of another song he ..... prophetic Although'that song was a war song. Its author wa opposed to tne cnnnici British Invaded That Is he opposed It until the . . he " olned a neiu i...i..r,,i Tiien his helllVeU dinijinii. been hastily organ- had tlllery company that . nunrterniiisler lzed III Georgetown, ueraura took part in the and one) Inefficient . ... ...i..k... (an a very . .. Ilia nrln- com 1c opera "battle"' ot i.iuu..u.e.was that or h.ro wa. as clpal to run around " no,nnn nftirer" many anotner i n tiio distracted Gen- - y ofTeri eral Wl of ... ...... . As m...nil there was. a wasiimt;'"" " troops at Bladensbtirg. who applied the torch to Invaders hands of the . ,,J t. nthr .1 buildings. the enemy this work of destruction, n. JI" cantiire uatuuiuic .t itr r.eanes of Ipper The rest of that story Is too familiar to need repetition here how Key watched the bombardment of the fort through the night In an agony of suspense as to the outcome and how at last when morning came he saw the Stars and Stripes still floating over the fort a sign that the attack had been unsuccessful. Immediately he began to write a poem on the back of an old envelop (perhaps It was from Johu Randolph of Roanoke, for the two men had become great friends and regular correspondents after their first meeting at the Impeachment trial of Judge Chase). After the unsuccessful attack the British fleet sailed away leaving the three men to proceed upstream to Baltimore in their small boat. Key hastened to the office of a newspaper, the Baltimore American, to have his poem printed. The only person left In the office (everyone else had gone to assist In the defense of the city from the Invaders) was a young lad who set the Inpoem In type and printed It as a handbill. side of an hour, go wrote Key's friend. Roger Brooke Taney, long afterwards, It was being sung all over town by the citizens of Baltimore, mad with joy over their city's deliverance from the fear of capture by the enemy. Thus was "The Star Spangled Banner," our natloual anthem, born. In the minds of most Americans the story of Francis Scott Key ends at this point in his life. So it is the service of his biographer to show that his career after September, 1S14, was In fact, was even more distinnot It been before. His reputation nad than guished as a successful lawyer continued to grow. He became a close friend of President Andrew Jackson, "as much of an Insider as any member of and could have had any the kitchen cabinet anti-clima- ... appointment within reason." But he asked the appointpresident for only one favor, a cabinet Roger ment for his friend and brother-in-law- , Brooke Taney. The result was that Taney became attorney general and "this activity on Key's part paved the, way for Taney which led In a few stormy years to the chief Justiceship, which led eventually to the Dred Scott decision, the unconstitutionality of the Missouri Compromise, and the Civil War." as So Francis Scott Key was a history-make- r well as a national anthem writer. He was also a diplomat as the emissary of Jackson he settled the "Creek controversy which might have bathed Alabama In blood." It was a dispute over Jndian lands In Alabama In which the questions of states rights and nullification were InHe was a philanthropist and humanivolved. tarian. Although a slave owner, he hated the Institution of slavery and sought a solution of the problems which It brought to the nation by helping form the American Colonization society for settling freed slaves In Africa. He was an ardent churchman and did much to further the cause of the Episcopal church In this country. He became the father of eleven children and his family life Is one of the most apiealln? aspects of his whole career. On January 11, 1843, Francis Scott Key died In the Baltimore home of his daughter, Elizabeth Phoebe Howard. He "had grown up with the republic. His contemporaries knew hlra not as a poet but as a conspicuous and able and sometimes bothersome liberal, a distressingly serious layman, and. most singular of all, an honest law yer. Amiaoie, mini, generuus nnu virtuous, mg activities colonization pleas and his were accepted for what they were the enter middle-stat- e prises of a prosperous. If not wealthy, man who carried Into town life the simple Idealism of a benign aqulre. Dynamic but es sentially unheroltf, he was a useful citizen and on that meteoric Journey when he wrote a song which stirs our spirits and pleases our ear he added more significance to his life titan he ever album poet, achieved anticipated. He, a tone-dea- f Immortality In spite of himself. Aud. like nni vague figure Maryland celebrities, he Is n his life eclipsed by one spectacular deed." free-scho- of straggling s.r. ?" had beatied . bod, .r V"" "ty . jail roisterers and threw tnem lD th8t ' ColoneY Skinner, who was going ,o accompany i D ltlsh, t0 .ecure to t under a flag o t rue. n Beane the release of wer guc. British warsn.p. were ?. .r cessful in their fh. the dm.ra. kept on board to v.. Ish fleet Hlled or Ha t more. defense bont pnnclpal -tck began they t0 the frlglML miiu which was kti J LJJ t br W4tr N. !. l u Ion JEPJM n hv Wi am Bruckart - Washington. again IndL-'gc- a tha rnn .mkoii - no. can reuieuiuc., can the author of the National ous 1 rvi.i infhem of the umtea amies oi 4uiCl iaH He was ho cave the name of "The Banner , I leu T the birthday 'LI , Klae Day tT A -, .-"- W?f own workers on whatever they deem proper. terms If the legislation creating the labor relations board Is bad for bi employers of la- Hit$ Small bor, it seems Hke- 'y to be worse In Employeri the smaller where employers of a small number of workers constitute the majority of industrial lines. I menu by that, there Is usually more skilled labor available In larger industrial communities than In small towns or rural areas. That being true, the employer In a larger community has an opportunity to replace workers who are dissatisfied or who have yielded to the Influence of labor agitators, whereas' the small town employer of labor cannot always replace workers who would rather be Idle than accept terms which paid labor leaders tell the workers are not proper. Further, the legislation will put organized labor deeper Into politics than It has ever been. It will make elect ions depend largely Instead of Just partially on the attitude of a congressman or a senator toward labor questions. In addition, tha discussion I hear Indicates definite fear on the part of some political leaders that the paid organizers In labor circles will themselves become political as well as economic dictators. coin-iiiiinlti- It begins to appear that the farmers' march on Washington may bring a flnrebaek on Ugly Rumor the administration. oppoCertainly, Spread nents of the administration are not going to let President Roosevelt, Secretary Wallace, and Agricultural Administrator Davis forget very soon their feeling that the march was not of the spontaneous sort. No sooner had the farmers arrived here titan an ugly rumor was spread around that the visit of the forty-fivhundred was financed by the Agricultural Adjustment administration. The rumor spread so fast that It broke out In senate and house debate and demands were made for an Investigation. In fact, a resolution to that effect was Introduced In the senate. The Department of Agriculture and the Adjustment administration paid no attention to the rumor until the resolution was offered on the floor of the senate, whereupon a vigorous denial was forthcoming from Mr. He said that the farmers Davis. had expressed the desire to come to Washington as a demonstration of their approval of AAA policies and frankly stated that his organ. ization was happy to see such an bill Is an outgrowth The Wagner endorsement. of attempts to develop through the On the other hand, observers and national Industrial In noted that writers Claw$ for recovery act a pol- the farmersWashington with equipped Blae Eagle Icy compelling em- highly decorative badges; they were to bargain ployers provided with a meeting place, a collectively with their employees. great auditorium which rents for was That Is, the famed section considerable money, and when they Intended to make It Impossible for went to the White House the Presemployers to enter Into an agree- ident sitoke from a prepared speech. ment with their employees except They stopped at good hotels and by dealing with a committee selectthe majority of them had traveled ed by a majority of the workers. It to Washington In pullman sleeping was the assumption when this provicars. sion was written two years ago that I do not assume that It Is of the American Federation of Labor world wide importance what the would have a majority In all of the total cost was. I am reporting only Important Industries. It developed, the reaction which Washington had. however, that company unions, not Thus It can be mentioned that all affiliated with any other organizaof the badges worn by the delegates In tion, constituted a majority "AAA" and scores of factories and plants. Thus, bore the large letters the names of the respective atates the A. F. of L. encountered an represented. The hall, as I have obstacle. rents for a substantial amount said, Now Senator Wagner, whose radand the hotel bills are never small. ical tendencies are well known, has Railroad fare from distant points attempted to give the Blue Eagle costs enough that the depression some claws by enactment of the lahave cut down passenconditions bor disputes bill and the creation traffic and the march on Washger of a separate labor relations board. was concluded with a banington measure as It passed the senThe those who were ate makes It "unfair' for employers quet. So, naturally, the expenses of to do any of the following things: curious concerning the trip freely stated that there 1. To Interfere with, or to coerce are at least four thousand, five hunIn colthe exercise of employees. who lective bargaining through repre- dred farmers la the country not as destitute as professional are sentatives of their own choosing. friends of agriculture have been 2. To dominate or to Interfere claiming. with the formation or administration of any labor organization or Secretary Hull of the Department to contribute financially or aid In of State Is being heaped with praises the support of If. these days on his 3. To encourage or discourage Prane accom-fo- r diplomatic membership in any labor organizaand is pllshments Hull tion by discrimination. receiving at the 4. To discriminate against any same time vigorous criticism on the employee for tiling charges or givbasis of results thus far accoming testimony under the proposed plished on his reciprocal tariff pole 7-- . act To refuse to bargain collectively with representatives of their employees. No prohibition against labor agitators are to tie found In the legislation. From all of the debate and committee hearings which I have examined, It apiteared that business Interests were fighting the legislation not only because of the handicaps It places upon them but, as much for the reason that it represents an entering wedge for labor agitators In all commercial lines. There wems to be no doubt that when an employer Is prohibited from driving labor agitators away, he Is handicapped In attempting to maintain industrial pence with his 5. ities. With regard fo the secretary's diplomacy, I believe it can be aald he has established better relations with South America than any secretary of state In recent years. As regards the reciprocal tariff policy which Mr. Hull fostered, the country Is witnessing a sharp exodus of dollar capital Into new Investments In lines made profitable by tariff chnnges complete or (tending. The Information I gather respecting the reciprocal tariff policies Indicates, however, that the movement of capital Into South American Investments results partially from Agricultural Adjustment administration activities. 6 WMtara Nepptr Unl |