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Show BEAVER PRESS " " "" w"" . mere Chocolate Sources PRAISE FOR NO MAN whaling vessel Martha wasn't 24 hours out of New before Davy Irving's Initiation into the new life he had chosen for the ensuing year was begun. Vv though Day was only twenty-fouhe looked older. He was a tali youth, splendidly proportioned with an expanse of chest and a display of muscular development of which he was not only proud, but exceedingly boastful. Born and raised on a Vermont farm, he succumbed after years of dreaming to an urge for adventure. He traveled to New Bedford and found employment there on the crew of the Martha Preston, which, by chance, was needful of men and ready to saiL Davy's attitude from the moment he set foot on the Martha Preston's deck was one of arrogance and superiority. The men with whom he slept in the focas'le were unschooled and coarse, accustomed to rough living. And there was about Davy an air of and cocksuredness that provoked black scowls and angry among them. They didn't like Davy, and took no trouble to conceal the fact. THE . r, ' Cacao Beans Are Cleaned by Shuffling Feet l. HUe hot chocolate candy? Chocolate cake? Or chocolate ice cream sodas? Then you'll be interested in the news that science is waging a determined tight to save the famous cacao plantations of Trinidad, an island in the West Indies, from a destructive plant disease. Trinidad is one of the principal sources of the bean which furnishes "the makings" for a hot beverage surpassed in world importance only by coffee and tea, as well as for candies, sweetmeats, etc. Chocolate was a gift to man's palate from the western hemisphere. Like tobacco, the potato, and a number of other plant products, it was taken back to Europe by explorers soon after Columbus opened the road to the New world, and launched on the way that J bus led to world markets. In trade circles today three terms are used: chocolate, cocoa and cacao. The tropical tree which is the, source of chocolate is called the cacao. In its leathery, cucumberlike fruit are cacao pods which contain cacao beans. But when the beans are roasted and ground, and much of the fat is pressed out, the remaining brown substance (ground 'to a dry powder), Is cocoa. If the fut is not pressed out, the darker substance is chocolate. Credit for the manufacture of chocolate from the hidden seed Of an unprepossessing fruit belongs to the original inhabitants of Mexico. In 1519, when Hernando Cortez Invaded that country, he discovered that the cacao tree was widely cultivated. The natives had concocted a drink called "chocolatl" or "cacahuatl," from which have come the names "chocolate" and "cocoa." Frothing pitchers of chocolate were served by Montezuma when he entertained Cortez. Long in Use in Mexico. Students of American native customs have estimated that the drink was In use 1,000 years before the arrival of Europeans. According to Mexican mythology, the seed of the cacao tree was carried from a New world version of the Garden of Eden into. Mexico by QuetzalcoatL God of Air. The fruit, it is related, was a favorite food of the gods. The great Swedish botanist Linnaeus, christened the fruit theobroma cacao, meaning in Greek "Food of the Gods." Cacao was used as a means of barter and the payment of tribute by the Aztecs and Mayans. A man's wealth was often judged by the number of cacao beans he possessed. In Mexico a good slave could be purchased for 100 beans. Its highly concentrated food value, low cost of production, and numerous uses, have stimulated cacao cultivation to such an extent that now It is grown in practically all tropical countries. The wet tropical areas of the West African colonies of Great Britain and Portugal, and the South and Central Americas are especially well suited to the cultivation of the trees. The introduction of the cacao tree in Africa has resulted in a remarkable growth of the Industry and economic development of the continent The Gold coast has taken first place away from Brazil In the world's production of cacao. What were once trackless and useless African jungles, Inhabited only by savage bushmen and wild animals, today are cacao plantations, for the most part by natives. America Largest Consumer. As an international commodity, the cacao bean has grown in importance to such an extent that the United States alone, in 1033, Imported pounds, valued at $18,739,000. The United States Is by far the largest consumer, cacao ranking sixteenth In value on our list of imports. Germany, Great Britain, and the Netherlands follow in the order named. For many years the Spaniards of South America and of some of the West Indies monopolized the cacao industry. Chocolate was Introduced Into Spain by Cortez and his conqnlsta-(loreabout the beginning of the Sixteenth century, but the process of chocolate manufacture was kept a secret for almost 100 years. In 1600 an Italian discovered the method of prepmonks aration. Shortly afterwards, and travelers spread the news throughout Europe. The Seventeenth and Eighteenth centuries found the popularity of the drink steadily Increasing. Cocoa houses were established In England, as well as on the continent. Chocolate, however, was a luxury which only the rich could afford, since it sold for as much as $5 a pound. Today good chocolate can be purchased for a few cents a pound, and Is consumed In one form or another by millions of people the world over. Modern methods of cocoa and choco DO YOU Brazil. differ little from those used by primitive people centuries ago. In Mexico the natives roasted the beans and then ground them between two warm flat stones until a fine paste was obtained. This was sometimes mixed with maize (corn) and flavored with vanilla and spices. The paste was molded Into forms desired and allowed to cool. Modern preparation of the commodity is more scientific and thorough, but the principal steps taken are much the same. Cocoa butter Is an important byproduct of the cacao bean, which contains 50 per cent fats. The butter, removed by crushing, the beans under hydraulic pressure, is extensively used in confectionery, and in pharmaceutical preparations. Almost every household has some commodity that contains this vegetable fat Cocoa butter Is an Ingredient of many soaps, pomades, perfumes, ointments, plasters, and cosmetics. The Gold coast colony In Africa is normally the world's largest producer of cacao. In one recent year the colony shipped 54,000 tons of cacao, valued at $10,000,000, to the United States. While the Gold coast no longer puts its trust in gold, cacao has displaced the metal only within the last few years. For 400 years gold was the hope that glittered for white men on the Gold coast. Gold mines built the railroad to Seccondee, for which is the port In 1084 gold shipments reached more than $4,000,000, but the mines seem to be nearing exhaustion. A geological survey of the Gold coast colony in 1915 revealed other minerals which may themselves relegate gold to the background. Manganese and bauxite are important exports. The first is used In steel, making and the second for aluminum. Big Industry in Brazil. In the fctate of Bahia in Brazil are about 80,000,000 cacao trees; this fruit has been grown here for about 150 years, and a tiny railway serves the heart of the great cacao region. It hauls more tons of freight per mile than any other railway line in South America. Leaving the coastal plain and entering the foothills, one sees the cacao plantations In long shaded groves. Among bigger, protecting trees the small cacao trees are planted, thus sheltered from' sun and wind. Twist off a green fruit, break it open and taste the whitish seeds; the flavor is like watermelon. Earefoot men and women split the pods, empty the seeds on a wide platform, and tread them free of pulp and pith. They call this "Dancing the Cacao." The seeds are dried by stirring them Iff a big fiat bin. A wide roof, set on wheels, is at hand, to be hastily hauled over the bin If it rains. Turning a dark brown when dried, and tasting of unsweetened chocolate when ripe, the beans are packed In bags and sent to Europe and the United States. In 30 years Bahia's export has risen from 150,0(10 to 130,000 bags a year. Brazil drinks very little chocolate, but much coffee. Near a station named "Lava Pes," or "Wash Your Feet," the visitor may stop to watch a long file of umbrella ants. Each carries a leaf, as If It were an umbrella. Many ants are un In a tree, biting off bits of leaf and dropping them to other ants waiting on the ground. This line of marching ants is often a mile or more long. The ants cnrry the leaves to their underground home, and store them. On the leaves a fungus forms, and this the insects eat. Farther up the line one crosses i small stream running among cacao covered hills. Long 'chutes made of boards run down the hillsides to the water's edge. Down these chutes natives slide fresh cacao beans, which empty Into waiting dugout canoes. Although cacao has ben grown here for so long, the methods of harvesting It are still primitive, for human labor is cheap. White men find life here hard, because of so many Insects and malaria. Bugs are a plague : horned tumble-bug- s more than seven inches long larger than many kinds of birds, snails weighing half a pound, and the fer de lance and other bad snakes. late manufacture Society, Prepared hy National0.-- Gooirraphlc Service. Washington, In s Legend of the Paction Flower The legend of the passion flower follows: The leaf symbolizes the pear; the five anthers, the five wounds; the tendrils, the cords or whips; the coluraD of the ovary, the pillar of the Cross; the stamens, the hammers; the three Styles, the three nails; the fleshy threads within the flower, the crown of thorns; the calyx, the glory or nimbus; the white tint, purity; and the blue tint, heaven. Rich Fabric's the Thing f0t p . By CHERIE NICHOLAS "Been sailing with the Martha Preston WNTJ Service. Bell Syndicate, L seen dozens going on ten year. I've of 'em come and go same's yourself, Sore son, and I knows how you feel in every joint and planning revenge He on Big Nat for all you're worth." By R. II. WILKINSON ft . In wua a 11 ' ta flf kindliness and eyes his the voice. Davy opened close looked into a wrinkled old face own. to his went on. "I'm Otto Perch," the voice s self-estee- mut-terin- laughed a dry mirthless laugh. ou 11 son. "My advice is forget It He time. a after come to like Big Nat 11 ain't one to praise a man and ne don't if you outter you tar lick the and honest obey orders. But he's fair Give him a good day's work, and he won't do no more'n lacerate you with his tongue, which ain't a bit harmful compared to how you feel now." his eyes Davy wet his tongue and fierce a with passion. burned "Thanks, sailor, but you're wasting on the your breath. Big Nat picked forget-OI ain't time. wrong bird that like the rest. Not so you could notice it. Maybe now he's a better it man, but there'll come a time and admit be'll when far either, off, ain't n' ft I'm good." But despite his boast Davy was willing to bide his time. The effects of the beating Big Nate had given him gradually wore off, and the youth went sullenly about the task of learning the tricks of operating a sailing vessel. He was an apt student and a willing worker, and he learned fast He came, also, to know and understand the men with whom he came in dallv contact discovered behind their coarseness a geniality and loyalty worth sharing. But toward the first mate he maintained a distinct feeling of hatred, continuously planning vengeance. For six long months Davy nursed the wound to his pride and plotted re- The thing happened on the morning of the first day, after the Martha Preston had cleared New Bedford harbor and was stading well out to sea. Davy stood In the center of the forward deck and looked about him with venge. a dissatisfied expression on his face. Six months during which the Mar"It's a filthy old tub," he remarked tha Preston's oil casks began to slowly to no one In particular. fill as she sailed from one whaling "But It's adventure I'm after and ground to the next. I'll see the voyage through, filth or Davy was by now accustomed to his no." duties. All but Big Nat, who never gave a Something smote Davy behind the ear with the force of a pile driver. word of praise to any man, had comHe went spinning helplessly across plimented the youth on his aptitude. h the deck, skimming along on his stomIt was toward the end of the ach and bringing up with a resounding month at sea that the Martha thud against. the opposite rail. Preston made her biggest catch. Dazed, angered, greatly humiliated Big Nat ordered the sails taken in Qavy got to his feet shook his head and the anchor weighed. clear and turned around In search of The Martha Preston was hove to and the man who had struck him. her whaling boats lowered. The man stood ten paces away, the The mate himself took the rudder tremendous figure of a man, a man of the boat to which Davy was aswith a black walrus-lik- e mustache and signed. shaggy black hair peeping out from Old Otto Perch was In the bowsprit under his visored cap. platform, harpoon In hand. This man was Big Nat Fisher, first mate of the Martha Preston, a powerThe victim was a big bull, lying a ful man, known for his strength of half mile to the southward of where body and spirit lay the vessel. There was now in the black eyes pf Otto Perch made fast his harpoon him, as he watched young Davy Irving with an expert thrust a contemptible, scornful look, a look . The men shipped their oars and of derision and disgust watched the colled line unravel itself as the whale churned the water. "Stand up, you scum!" he roared at He proved a sluggish individual, Davy. running less than half a mile before "Stand up and eat them words or the line began to slack. take the licking you deserve. A filthy Davy Irving, pulling tub oar, saw tub, is she! Ha! And who are you the slack and reached down to snub to be calling her a filthy tub?" the line. As he spoke Big Nat took a step forBut at that Instant the bull took It ward. into his head to make a second rush. Davy, head now cleared, the angry The line grew taut and before Davy light of humiliation, provoked by the knew what had happened he saw a ring of grinning faces that had formed loop tighten about his wrist and felt behind the first mate, burning In his himself jerked overboard with a force eyes. stepied in to meet the attack. that threatened to pull loose his arm, He had always prided himself on his great strength, his ability to take Thereafter Davy wasn't exactly sure care of himself. of what took place. But In Big Nat Fisher be had He felt himself being pulled through the water at a tremendous pace, saw guessed wrong. The mate brushed aside the carevaguely the whaling boat following, bow up; heard the shouts of the men. fully directed straight arm blow which Then the line slackened. Davy flung at him, with a carelessness that was at ence alarming and The water churned about him. One of the bull's flukes missed him by maddening. Instead of felling his assailant with inches. . . . Some one grabbed hlrn a single blow as had often been his around the middle. . , . Salt waway of winning a battle, Davy found ter was in his lungs. . . . his knotted fist whistling through unHe opened. his eyes and found himobstructed space. self lying on the deck of the Martha And before he could regain his balPreston. ance something struck htm on the Men were grouped about looking point of the chin with a force that down at him. threatened to loosen his teeth. Behind them Big Nat was talking His feet lifted clear of the deck ; his with Captain Preston. Davy heard the body straightened out in midair and captain say: "Kind of risky business, struck the boards with a jarring imMr. Fisher, going overboard after that kid. No fault of yours he got cr.ught pact In the line. The bull might have got Big Nat stood over the fallen man you both." and roared. Davy saw Big Nat bristle, saw him "I'll Tarn ye! Scum! Get up and look toward the knot of men grouped take what's coming to ye! A filthy about him, saw him spit tobacco juice tub is she! You ought to be thrown Into the sea, and heard him say: overboard for saying less. I'll teach "Good men are scarce these daya, ye respect!" Cap'n. Kid was worth taking a chance Such a blow as that with which Big for." Nat had felled Davy might have killed It was the first time anyone had a weaker man. ever heard Big Nat utter a word of It had served to dull Davy's senses praise for any man, and Davy felt both to a point of being only vaguely aware proud and ashamed at the same time. of what happened. But he looked up at old Otto rerch Minutes later he sat erect, rubbing and whispered gleefully: "I told you his head. he'd adroit I was good sometime. Hear He saw a pair of heavy hob nailed what he snid? I told you so!" And boots close beside him and looked up. Davy closed his eyes, glad now that And as he did so Big Nat reached he had waited to get his revenge. him down, grasped by shirt and collar and yanked him to his fept Royal Reiidencei "I'll I'nrn ye." the mate was still The principal royal residences-Wind- sor roaring. "I'll teach ye respect!" and Buckingham palace ar And with each word Davy received not the personal property of the king, a cult across the mouth or on his hut Samlringham house, In Norfolk,' head. and Balmoral in Scotland, are! Five minutes later Big Nat released Balmoral castlecastle, was bought by the his hold and flung the youth toward prince consort, husband of Queen Victhe forward companionway. toria, In 1848, and rebuilt In its pres-en- t Broken in spirit, bleeding from a form. The eRtate covers 25,000 dozen wounds, bruised to a point of acres. King Edward, VII built in every muscle, Davy crawled aching In 1809-71- . It stands n a to the cofjpanionway and down the park of L'OO acres and has been the fastairs and into his bunk. vorite country residence of the royal family for two generations. York cotToward the middle of the afternoon tage, on the estate, was the first home a man came down the comp nionway of the present king and queen, when end bent over hla bunk. they were duke and duchesa of York "Feeling better, son?" Answers Magazine. sev-ent- Sand-rlnghn- $fj $ fall fashions cause one in terms of handsome materials, for it is fine fabrics, we're telling you, which will be making fine costumes this season. The scheme of things for the new style program runs about like this a strikingly simple silhouette, with emphasis on the elegance and of the material wheih fashions It, relying on breathtaking neckwear sets, buttons, buckles and countless other unique gadgets to dramatize the whole. The big buttons which adorn the newly arrived frocks and wraps so proporspectacularly are of tions, some of them being simply enormous. It is such bizarre details as these huge buttons which add unlimited swank and distinction to the otherwise modestly styled fall modes. , It does not take long after catching a glimpse of the mldseason and early fall styles to realize how strong buttons are going, In the new showings. g For example, consider the very town and country dress to the left In the picture. Buttons all over it! The shirtwaist dress of which this model Is a striking exponent, that is styled like a coat with buttons from neckline to hemline down the front and on the pockets, likewise the cuffs, is regarded as one of the most important numbers on the fall fashion program. that this spectacuIt is lar use of big buttons does a lot to distinguish this dress, but when It comes to keying enthusiasm to even a higher note, it Is the Intriguing material which fashions this dress which ADVANCE eye-fillin- g good-lookin- self-evide- does Just In a radiant This brown Jsal fabric which U s with a delicate Interweave J yellow-and-gol- threads, d ForM and sports you are goinu to Mi bemberg and wool weave the ! you are looking for. That big news in regard to semble pictured to the right Is ft or. The smart checked wocla which It la made is in tones o!j and ' green this autumn li seta to make a front-stag- e play. Tk: dress which is topped with a fe( matched coat, like its eoaipia the illustration, should iho t waist tendency Is not a mere U stance but rather a natural tsd of events for the shirtwaist which prevailed so conspicuotulj summer Is carrying over Into M a high and mighty gesture, u w fabric bag and brown felt greet M go well with this There is nothing smarter for a diate wear than a shirtwaist tei some one or other of the wm'i weleht woolens. If the mat fleets the glint and gleam ol gtf silver, so much the better, for Its metal-sho- t fabrics which are pi most of the notice for fail andra One way of interpreting theoeU! is to see to it that your wart or neckpiece and other decorate a sorles be fashioned of a weave. We would like to tell yon l elusion that there is a new crepe In the market It works? happily Into practical street cosa two-ton- e metal-te- . TRIMMINGS FEATURE FALL SHOE STYLES Western Newipaper COLORFUL Ea VELVET By CHERIE MCHOUI There are frills and thrills for the feet If seeing Is believing. Afternoon dresses of marvelously colored prints are all arustle with frills and ruchlngs, large and small. Some are of the frock itself, while others stand out In crisp white contrast around both the neckline and the cuffs. And the new shoes are not to be outdone. They, too, repeat this ruffled theme. The just-ou- t blue and brown kldskln shoes have little butterfly bows, odd trimmings lined with white and knotted coils of stitched and pleated kldskln tabs. Leather flowers are doing their smart duty several places, too on that teji L plain kldskln pumps, either at the side or In front, and trimming leather and fabric purses, belts, hats and 'the gauntlet cuffs of gloves. Some leather bracelets and clips are trimmed with metal and some are even set with stones while others are content to ornament themselves with knots of leattier or bits of bead, glass, or straw. Black Hose to Return to Fashion for Autumn Wear The latest cry of the fashion prophets is black stockings; not ones or bluish-blacones, but plain, ordinary, oi l fashioned black stockings. It's a wild gamble, betting on black stockings, when one remembers how often and how uselessly the very same fashion prophets have heralded the return of curves and long hnlr. Black storklngs have at least one worthwhile virtue. They mnke plump ankles and fat legs look slimmer. But it must be admitted they have a strong tendency to make skinny legs look like soda straws. gun-niet- Picture HU The first velvet picture hats have made their appearance at France. Some of them haveChantllly crowns' of sheer tulle or lace. J rh now velvets are con" d 0 color as gay message of - , i . ...flnWeri. son progresses your eye dened with such Sli,mwJL w fuchsia, nasturtium, the new lnkberry which .,,1 niHffinl -i i and KrvHnir la the wrap ' H f ln. velvet her The scarf collar tics in kH the elbow sleeves are full. Pleated Skirts Popu!' tn All Aztt l ni he lmij early fall fashions, uccordWw J 1st, who returned recently im... i,. ..uh cov"5. velvet bows that are used daytime and evening rr ing that bows In different substituted to give a chW pearance to the frock. -i- Coo Sboet White buckskin shoes with diamond perforation are chic and cool for auni-nie- r wear. J |
