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Show BEAVER PRESS " "MAD ANTHONY'S VICTORY at FALLEN TT A A H TT P 3? Wayne Statue in. C - r ' Y t By ELMO SCOTT WATSON UGUST 20 mark8 the one hundred forti land-hung- and Wayne expected the British to join In the upon the Americans when the time was and Wayne made plans to receive the Britripe, ish with his horsemen ; the Indians with the Infantry. battle came on the mornThe ing of August 20. As Wayne's army advanced cautiously along the western banks of the Maumee, the American general saw that the Indian general, Little Turtle, had chosen his battlefield with great skill. Here a tornado had swept through the forest, covering the ground with fallen trees. The left flank of the Indians' position was covered by the Maumee and their front by a tangle of logs which, In the words of Wayne, "rendered It Impracticable for cavalry to act with effect, and afforded the enemy the most favorable covert for their savage method of warfare." Undaunted by this, Wayne at once deployed Ms forces In two lines with his Kentucky volunteer cavalry on his left flank and sent these under General Scott "to gain and turn their right with spirit and promptitude." Wrayne's official report of the battle that followed is a laconic account of this battle which was over almost before It began. He says: "I ordered the front line to advance with trailed arms, rouse the Indians from their coverts at the point of the bayonet and, when up, to fire on their deliver a close and backs followed by a brisk charge so as not to give time to load again. . . . Such was the Impetuosity of the charge by the first line of Infantry that the Indian and Canadian militia and volunteers were driven from all their coverts In so short a time that, although every exertion was used by officers of the second line of the legion, and by Generals Scott, Todd, and Barber of the Mounted Volunteers to gain their proper positions, yet but a part of each could get up In season to participate in the action, the enemy being driven in the course of an hour more than two miles through the thick woods f of their already mentioned by less than numbers. . . . From every account the enemy amounted to two thousand combatants, and the troops actually engaged against them were short of nine hundred." The rout of the Indians was complete and they fled toward the British fort whose gates they erpected would be opened to them. Instead, the British kept their outer wall tightly closed, and the confused Indians, closely followed by the American riflemen, abandoned their camp and equipment, and fled to the woods. The next day Wayne marched his men so close to the fort as to bring from its haughty commander a demand to know "as speedily as possible In what light I am to view your making such near approaches to this garrison." To this "Mad Anthony" sent a characteristic reply: "Without questioning the propriety, Sir, of your Interrogatory, I may observe to you that were you entitled to an answer, the most full and satisfactory one was announced to you from the muzzles of my small arms yesterday morning In the actions against the hordes of savages In the vicinity of your post. . . '. But had it continued until the Indians etc. had been driven under the influence of the post and guns you mention they would not have much impeded the progress of the Victorious Army under my command." Later Wayne fell back to Fort Defiance, but the next month he advanced to the Miami villages near the scene of Ilarmar's defeat and for the next month his men were busily engaged In the destruction of the villages and crops of the Indians. Next he built a post to which he gave the name of Fort Wayne (from which grew the modern city of that name) and then retired to Fort Greenville to go Into winter quarters. The last act of the drama came in the summer of 1705 when Chief Little Turtle, who had warned the Indians against trying to oppose this "chief who never sleeps" and advised them to make peace while there still was time, led his defeated tribesmen and their allies to the fort to engage In the negotiations which resulted !n the historic Treaty of Fort Greenville. In the words of a recent historian (Beverly W. Bond. Jr., author of "The Civilization of the Old Northwest," published by the Macmillan com pany), "this treaty marked the first Important victory over the Indians In the Old Northwest By Its terms, all of Ohio, except approximately the section west of the Cuyahoga, was to settlement, as well as the elongated openedn strip southeastern Indiana known as the 'gore.' The treaty also Included cession of small strata located areas in the Indian glcally country for military posts, with lines of communication between them and thus made It possible to establish such posts as Fort Wayne at the head of the Maumee and Fort Dearborn at the mouth of the Chicago. . . The surrender of Detroit the center of British Influence among the Indians. In 170C after Jay's treaty had teen rounded out the results of Wayne's ratified, victory." C by Western attack d $9, '"i ry Chief Little Turtle s territory. The next stopping place noted In his orderly book was "Head Quarters near Fort Hamilton,'' on October 9, 1703. At this point he began a rigorous order of march and constant vigilance against surprise attacks. "Mad Anthony," bearing In mind the earlier failures, was at great pains to Impress upon the troops the necessity of constant vigilance. On October 10 two soldiers were shot for sleeping while on sentry duty. In that month cold weather Retirement of Land Demands Plans to Use Grain and Forage Yields. Retirement of some 1,500,000 acres of corn and wheat land from normal production under the AAA programs Is likely to be successful only If live stock numbers are adjusted to the new levels of grain and forage production. Cattle constitute a "lock washer" which can be used to hold steady and give permanence to many adjustments which may be made In agricultural practices. Farmers with cattle will quickly see the advantages to be gained by raising less grain and more forage and pasture, since this new supply of forage can be used effectively in beef production. Consequently, changes made by such farmers in their cropping systems will be relatively permanent On the other hand, farmers without cattle will find their hay and pasture crops even more difficult to dispose of at remunerative prices than were their former surpluses of corn and wheat. Cattle contribute further to the success of the government's adjustment programs through the aid which they furnish In maintaining the fertility of land. If marginal and land is entirely removed from cultivation, It will be imperative that the land used for the growing of harvested crops be maintained in a high state of fertility. For this purpose, cattle manure has no equal. Furthermore, beef cattle aid In the elimination of burdensome surpluses through their ability to convert a million bushels of corn into five million pounds of beef. The million bushels of corn In Its natural state would supply the total cereal needs of 800,000 people for an entire year, while the 5,000,000 pounds of beef will suffice only for 100,000 persons a year at the pre ;nt Bcale of beef consumption. Small fluctuations in the corn, barley and oat crops, amounting to a few million bushels either way, have but slight effect on the grain market so long as there are sufficient cattle in the country to permit the utilization of the surpluses, or to permit the release of sufficient grain to make good the deficit by the varying number of cattle given a grain feed. Without sufficient cattle to furnish this safety factor, relatively small fluctuations In the grain crops may have a great influence on market prices. high-grad- Watjne Memorial at Maumee,Ohio g Ohio Crop Adjustment ' Courtt4 of mithsonian institution began to set In. General Wayne ordered the army to "hut" for the winter. Fort Greenville was built, and there the expedition passed the winter, during which Wayne continued drilling his men. From Fort Greenville he sent a detachment to St Clair's battlefield to bury the dead and to build another fort to which was given the significant name of Fort Recovery. Skirmishes during the spring brought heavy losses on both sides, but they did not stop General Wayne's preparations to advance. The Indians began to gather in force, and on July 30 a body of about 1,500 or 2,000 met a detachment of 150 men and officers near Fort Recovery, The battle lasted all day. More than 22 officers and men were killed, but at length the attackers withdrew in confusion. On July 27, preparations having been made, the main advance began again. The long and hard drill had transformed Wayne's men Into veterans. In June the army had been by 1.C00 mounted militia from Kentucky. Wayne had also enlisted a force of frontiersmen familiar with life In the forest and trained In Indian warfare to be used as scouts. In this "Corps of Spies," as It was called, were two brothers named Miller, who had been captives among the Indians, an experience which made their services of special value. Still another was Capt William Wells, who had also been a captive, had been adopted by the Miamis, married a daughter of Chief Little Turtle and as a "white Indian" had actually killed and scalped men of his own race at St. Clair's defeat. General Wayne's first encampment was at Stillwater, 12 miles from Greenville. The second was at "Indian Encampment," near Fort Recovery. The expedition then stopped long enough to build Fort Randolph. Another delay was caused when a falling tree struck and nearly killed General Wayne on August 3. While the main body remained at the fort, which was also known as Fort St. Mary and Gir-ty- 's Town, after Simon Girty, the notorious white renegade, a detachment went down St. Mary's river and built a post called Fort Adams. This move was made to confuse the Indians, Implying as It did that Wayne Intended to continue down the river. Instead, he proceeded toward the Maumee. A deserter had warned the Indians of his approach and, unprepared to resist, the savages had deserted their villages and houses, leaving large fields of standing corn. The army came to several large villages, and for miles they passed through the fields. The troops were surprised at the fertility of the country and the Industry of the Indians, none of whom had remained in any of the villages or settlements. It was soon made known, however, that they had congregated up stream in force to make a stand against the expedition. Apprised of this situation and expecting the attack at any time, "Mad Anthony-- ' steadily continued his advance. At the confluence of the Maumee and Au Glalze rivers he paused to build Fort Defiance on August 0. At this plare he also stopped to parley with the Indians, bearing in mind the desire of the government to make a peaceful settlement If possible. Christopher Miller carried on negotiations, which ended when the Indians asked ten days to reach a decision. Wayne, suspicious of the delay and having reason to believe that the Indians were only and British aid, bad waiting for already prepared for a further advance. On that day, August 10, he went forward 12 miles. The next day he advanced another 10 miles, and on August 19 he commenced the erection on the banks of the Maumee of a fort which he called Camp Deposit This was built primarily for the protection of his heavy baggage, with which he did not care to be encumbered when the battle began. From Camp Deposit a British fort (Fort Miami) could be seen. This camp was commanded by MaJ. William Campbell of the British army, and It was believed that It was a rallying point for tha Indians. Both the Indians Si WINTER HE.nI Chief in Beet By R. B. Ed&dd. Associats Cattle Husbandry. University of Illinois. Service. W'.NU Ibrt Wayne ,lnd eth anniversary of a battle that is unique in American history. For It is doubtful if there has ever been a military engagement of more consequences won as easily and as quickly as was "Mad Anthony" Wayne's victory over the confederated Indian tribes of the Old Northwest at Fallen Timbers on the banks of the Maumee river in northwestern Ohio on August 20, 1704. Not only was it all the more brilliant by contrast with the disasters which had befallen two American generals who had previously tried to subdue these same red men, but It led directly to another victory, won around the council fire Instead of on the battlefield the Treaty of Greenville, signed Just a year later. Without these two the settlement of the Ohio country, the pushing of the frontier line clear to the Mississippi river and the opening up of the rich Inland empire of the Mississippi Valley to the Americans of the early Nineteenth century might have been postponed indefinitely. So the Battle of Fallen Timbers is a mllepost in the history of our westward expansion. That expansion began even before the Revolution was over and the decade which followed the signing of the. Treaty of Paris saw thousands ef settlers streaming through Pittsburgh, "the Gateway to the West" of that period, and floating down the Ohio to seek new homes both to the north and to the south of that river. The Indians of that region the Miamis, Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Ottawas and Pottawato-nile- s watched with alarm this tide of white men pouring into their hunting grounds, British imperial officers in Canada also watched the flood of immigration with dismay. If it kept up, it meant the end of the profitable fur trade in that area. So if they did not actually encourage the Indian attacks on the American settlers, they certainly did not discourage them, and the forts and trading posts which they still held in the West in spite of the terms of the Treaty of Tarls were outfitting points for many a scalping party that went out to harass the immigrant traffic on the Ohio. Not only were they threatening to wipe out these new settlements, but back in Philadelphia the new federal government seemed to be tottering to Its ruin because of the blows which the Harmar and St. Clair defeats had dealt to its prestige. In this crisis President Washington called upon an old friend of Revolutionary war days to make good where the others had failed. Gen. Anthony Wayne had retired to private life in Pennsylvania after the Revolution, but when Washington asked him to reorganize the army and take command of a third expedition against the Indians, he accepted the responsibility as readily as he had accepted the task of capturing Stony Point in 1777. Wayne's popular nickname of "Mad Anthony" was a misnomer Insofar as it implied rashnes-and reckless daring. But it was true as a synoof him nym for one poet's characterization "fiery heart and cool, clear brain." And If ever adequate preparation, caution and eternal vigilance had a splendid reward, they had it in Wayne's campaign which culminated at Fallen Timbers. When Wayne took command of the army in April, 1702, he found Its men untrained, lacking In discipline and with little faith in their officers not much to be wondered at considering what had happened In 1700 and 1701. But Wayne brought about a thorough reorganization, even to the name, which he changed to "The Legion of the United States" and which he began drilling at Pittsburgh in June, 1702. It was his original plan to form an army of some 5.0(H) men, but he soon saw that this would be Impossible with the recruits that were furnished him. There were almost constant desertions, even at Pittsburgh, which was not far enough away from the Indian country to allay the fear of some of his soldiers who expected the redskins to come whooping out of the forests and scalp them as they drilled. From December, 1702, to May, 170.1, Wayne was camped some 27 miles below Pittsburgh at a place he named I'gionvllle and during this time his army of 2,.rK) men was being whipped into some semblance ot a military organization. On May 8 he ramped nt Ilobson's Choice, so named because he could find no other suitable ground In the vicinity. In August negotiations with the Indians were finally broken off and Wayne, who already had been advancing toward the Indian country, prepared for a campaign which he saw would mean the success or failure of the United States In enforcing Its rights sgalnst the British as well as the Indians in the Cattle Guide to d one-hal- Newppr Union. e Concrete Silos Can Be Put Into Good Condition Coucrete silos which have softened and sloughed off on the inside due to the use of too little cement or t mistakes In mixing or handling the'eon-crete- , can be repaired by chipping off the defective material with hammer and cold chisel, soaking the concrete thoroughly several times, crushing with a cream-likgrouting of cement and water, then plastering with rich cement mortar. If the defective concrete extends clear through the silo walls, says a writer in the Montreal Herald, the entire wall can be replaced by cutting out a section at a time and replacing it with good material. When these have Fet thoroughly, the remaining parts can be replaced In the same e way. Leakage of air through silo walls a common cause of moldy silage. Hollow tile, concrete block and concrete stave silos are often coated with a cement and water wash with the idea of stopping such air leaks; but this does little good, since any cracks will open up again as soon as the pressure comes on the walls. What Is needed Is a more elastic coating, width will stretch slightly. Is Beet Family Crop vcat jtieip. By Le A. University of Green surcnion 1.1! mC Pvye Hay Rye hay has about the same feeding value as oats hay, except that it does not contain quite as much digestible protein. The rye should be cut while the grain is In the early milk stage, nt which time the stems and leaves may be cured to a bright, dust-frehay of good quality. At that time the awns or beards have not hardened as to become objectionable. This liny may be fed to live stock as any other cereal hay. Indiana Farmer's e Guide. Better Pastures The heretofore careless attitude taken by many farmers toward their pasture land Is to be changed, If the Department of Agriculture has its way. Efforts will be made to convince the live stock raiser and the general farmer that by proper care in the type ()f trass planted In pasture a return which will more than compensate for the trouble will be obtained. The usual pasture land on American farms Is the most worthless land, which can be used for no other purpose with any success cJN greater egg production. Ma! supply this winter sucenff satisfactorily. They areeal yield tremendously and mJM 1ftH with little Inconvpni -"ivmr Mangels belong to the and should be raised in theML ner as the fall beet crop may be sown late, dropping at the rate of six to eight to Later the plants should be thi7J: to from eight to twelve ucfi Generally, there nro Mi(l.7'1! disease enemies serious consideration. The roots of mamrpt. a. ... much growth until the cool te3 of late September they begin to expand and ouiywsuus icugiu. An individou &l often weighs from five to eight po Q rvuno J1C1US Ol 1 10 3) tOM tl t 7 eaoujh-man- 11 acre are common. A rT' . USUallv sunnlv ennnirh - , r U&M n...i. maugeil IR flock of 50 chickens during an ed t' winier. Current Turkey Models Are Bigger and Head Shifting of styles in turkevs Is m,d way, according to L. E. CUaeofsl Nevada agricultural extension m4 who recently finished a study present market for the holiday y. of 'Xhe 1034 model will be bigger e heavier, Mr. Cline says, refMij consumer demand for a dlffeMtis of bird which has been luciesd since last Christmas. The shift is a return to the te In greatest demand some timeajt extension man says, and ma? it indication of better economic m Hons. In recent years the sjsl birds have brought the best ptiJ Demands from restaurants and arets for larger breast meat has M an Important factor In the chasf consumer requirements. A premium of one or morecesE pound Is now being paid for the k ier turkeys, while for the last to three years the price was that iee under the sum paid for lighter This condition always shows i. cidedlv healthv tone of the mrr; and if It prevails throush the Mia marketing season, as indications m there will be a distinct advanti; the turkey producer. bi: Varieties of R. I. Formerly, there were three ntd of Rhode Island Red fowls-th- en and tie n comb, the single-comcomb varieties. Those who derekM the rose-comvariety clung He 64 ously to breed and developed 1 imA color of true type having the for the breed and a comb like thai the Wyand6tte. The quality iftM In the variety attracted attention of those partial to M combs ; the result was that the H comb variety gained no further m nltlon. Fanciers adopted either tird single-comor the b rose-com- b 31 rose-com- b A common source of mosquitoes on farms Is ponds whicli provide drinking water for live stock. Obviously, it is Inadvisable to treat these ponds with poisonous substances, kerosene, or other material which will impart a taste to the water which would be revolting to live stock, and to drain them of course Is also out of the question. If such ponds are made deep enough so that they will not dry up frequently during summer fish can be introduced which will feed on the larvae of hm? Although succulent fced classed as an essential In,! ductlon, many farmer., uPMlt!li duuii a v,uuer "'i to the ration,supplement,, and birds' appetites, IndirecS b Mosquitoes on Farms aB be greatly relished by ing the winter and cheaply produced' br small portion of the tint " mangel-wurzel- Types of Geese In a choice of geese, most m one of the heavy breeds, sucliu-Toulouse. Embden, or African. Sut, ard weights for the noble Tosifl largest of all. are: Adult ganiK pounds; adult goose, 20; young!0 der, 20 ; young goose, 10 poundi 8 standard breeds, according to thority In the Wisconsin Agri d IT are the Chinese, Canadian us tian, none of them so popular Toulouse. big gray j Hot Weather. Smaller U The old hpn need care 8S M the young stock. When the tewl tures go up the egg size usuow . j down. Therefore, In order to kf 1 C"S eiri? filze aa crnoil fIS T0U should see to It that the layinJ Is comfortable. Re sure It " CH that there Is plenty of nr.nnII fcnr ..,( n (lie , ,ui 1(1 l"i a cm ll(ro ..'I'. which rises can be taken out ofj linilHO PrnvMa ctlilflo for t'16 and plenty of fresh water, as the egg Is water. Heat Affects EgP a sirnonnirt.ii.vPfir loss, ilu't! partlnl hatching of fertile talned by poultry raisers in m'" trv rrtin pnnolnr fnnkpfl the tile. The fertile eggs develop rooster. ring. Moral: Retire the does not help the hens to W merely rcrtlll7.es the germ ffW Summer heat has the same fertile ores si a setting I" Incubator. Gather the eCK day and get them to a cool P'l rt the heat won't get In Us i |