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Show THE PAGE TWO COMPLETE VICTORY! Japs Agree to All Terms Of Potsdam Declaration; MacArthur Gets High Post By AL JEDLICKA Forty years after its armies marched into Korea to establish a foothold on the Asiatic mainland, Japan's course of imperial conquest came to a dramatic end on the evening of August 14 with the unqualified acceptance of the Potsdam declaration subscribed to by the U. S., Britain, China and Russia. Announced to an anxious nation by President Harry S. Truman, the Jap surrender came three years, eight months and one week after the attack on Pearl Harbor. With the Allied powers consenting to his retention on the throne to assure the surrender of Japanese armies scattered throughout Asia and the submission of the homeland to the stiff terms imposed, Emperor Hirohito ordered the nation to lay down its arms as the Tokyo radio reported thousands of downcast subjects bowed in grief before the gates of the imperial palace lamenting their defeat. Having led American ground With the navy and air force carforces back over the ,vast to the enemy, and tracts of the Pacific to the rying the fight with army and marine troops slashdoorstep of Japan following ing forward in island to island the crippling blow at Pearl fighting, the war in the Pacific Harbor, General MacArthur rates as one of the bloodiest in was designated to accept the history. From the very beginning the U. S. Nipponese surrender along encountered a and fanatical with representatives of the foe, ardent andbitter well disciplined, other Allied nations. willing to fight to the last cartridge Coming four days after even when completely enveloped. All through the war. the toll of Jap Tokyo's first offer to give up killed far surpassed the number the fight provided the empercaptured, indicating the nature of or's sovereignty were respect- their defense. ed, and three months after Because of the close teamwork reV-- E it day, Japan's surrender quired in the over-al- l operations, out one was greeted with wild enthu- would be difficult to single General outstanding hero, though siasm throughout the U. S. MacArthur's fiery stand against the which joyously celebrated the enemy in the early stages of the conend of the most destructive flict and his later redemption of and costly war in history lost territories made him the symof the American spirit. without waiting for President bolBeside the name of MacArthur S- Harry S. Truman's official must be added those of Admiral Nimitz. who directed U. S. naval In accepting the Allied terms, operations in the vast Pacific theaJapan agreed to the total reduction ter, and General Le May, whose of its once proud empire, with hope seriously reduced Japan's in- for the future based upon the organization of' a free democracy within the home islands of Honshu, Kyushu, Hokkaido and Shikoku. Under the Potsdam ultimatum, Japan must eliminate the influence of those elements which have encouraged conquest; give up Manchuria, Korea and other overseas acquisitions; disarm all armed forces; permit the revival of democracy and freedom of speech, religion and thought; and submit to Allied occupation of designated points in the homeland until postwar security has been established. At the same time, Japan was promised an opportunity for orderly development once a peaceful government had been created, with retention of such industries as would maintain its Internal economy and ... X eventual access to raw materials I and world trade. Emperor Hirohito The war ended just as the atomic Surrenders to Allies. bomb threatened the obliteration of potential in repeated heavy Japan's sprawling industrial settle- dustrial raids. ments, with Hiroshima and NagaRecovering quickly from the black saki already badly mangled by the days immediately after Pearl Harterrific blasts. Packing an explosive force 20,000 bor, when the Nipponese overran times greater than TNT, the atomic much of the Pacific, the U. S. checked the enemy tide in the spring of 1942, when the American fleet stopped the Japs' southeastward drive in the battle of the Coral sea ' : V and then thwarted their eastward surge at Midway. From then on, the U. S., building up tremendous military and material strength under a unified front at home, was on the march, with the Japanese seeking time to consolidate their newly won position as the overruling Asiatic power by bitter delaying action in their outposts. With the navy severing vital Japanese supply lines to these outposts, and with the ground forces isolating enemy units into disorganized resistr ' ance pockets on invaded islands, the f , ! American advance in the Pacific far exceeded expectations, with the end of the European war finding U. S. 4 J. kf sea, land and air forces perched right on Nippon's doorstep. Gen. Douglas MacArthur Though the main body of JapaAccepts Surrender. nese troops had not been touched by bomb's destructive capacity so far the steady U. S. advances westward, exceeded that of ordinary missiles the American navy's mastery of the that it brought a quick reaction sea lanes as far as the Chinese coast from a government that had planned interrupted the shipment of vital macontinuation of the conflict from terial to the home islands for inunderground bastions despite In- dustrial processing, and the terrific bombardment of manufacturcreasing ! attacks. Besides threatening to lay Japan ing centers greatly curtailed output. waste, the atomic bomb also was With deliveries of materials cut. and credifed with blowing Russia into output dwindling, the effectiveness the conflict, thus bringing Hie total of an estimated 4.000.000 remaining Allied weight to bear against the enemy troops stood to be severely In all. these two events limited. Nipponese. served to climax the growing temOn top of it all. Russia's invasion po of the Allied drive in the Pacific, of Manchuria and threat to Jap-hel- d which saw U. S. forces virtually sitChina promised to tap the only ting on Japan's doorstep at the ces- remaining important enemy indussation of hostilities. trial source outside the homeland. V-- J day proclamation. .. .1- it ' J s' Japan's Imperial Ambitions Led to War Before the Twentieth century JaDuring the twenties Jnpnn expan's imperial ambitions were re- panded her commercial influence stricted to Korea, the coast of China deep Into Chinese territory. By 1931 and some neighboring Islands In the a formidable boycott developed JapJapanese sea. Japanese leaders anese troops were used to crush this suddenly realized the power of west- organized protest. Thii violation of ern armament. During the next half treaty rights aroused the world. century Japan was modernized so Japan defiantly resigned from the successfully that the Japanese vic- League of Nations in 1933. when troutories over China in 1R94, and Russia ble in the "triice area" of China ill l'1""1 " rrc swiff and conclusive. was again the occasion for battling. Increased 1941 1942 Manila surrenders, forces flee to Balaan. 15 Feb. Singapore falls. Mar. 17 General MacArthur lands in Australia to lead Allied forces. April 9 U. S. troops on liataan surrender. Aug. 7 U. S. marines land on Guadalcanal. Jan. 2 1943 5 Sept. Guinea. Nov. 2 Allies land Mechanized Farm Work, Now No 'Brother to an Ox.' By George L. Gillette Editor's Note; George L. Gillette is president oj the Farm Equipment Institute and has long been active in the manufacture and distribution of farm machinery and equipment. . Agriculture has come a long way since the days when the forked stick, the scythe and the Mail were the rule rather than the exception, but it was not until the advent of farm ma- chinery, a little more than a century ago, that agricultural practices made any real progress. Even in the early 19th century the methods used by the fellaheen of ancient Egypt were still followed, even in many of the more advanced countries. And then in the space of 50 years, agriculture made greater strides than in the preceding 50 centuries. With the coming of the plow, the reaper and the other earlier types of farm machines, farming, though not an easy life. on New 1944 Jan. 29 U. S. lands troops in Marshall islands. June 10 Marines invade Saipan. July 19 U. S. forces land on Guam. . Oct. 17 Invasion of Leyte on Philunder way. ippines gets 1945 Jan. 10 With Improved Mechanical, Farm Equipment Has Now U. S. marines invade Bou- gainville. Thursday, August 23, 1945 Invasion of Luzon started by Yanks. Jan. 30 U. S. landings north of Bataan seal peninsula. Feb. 4 American troops enter Manila. Feb. 15 U. S. first air raid on To- than at any time in their history, to make sure that machines already on the farms will continue to function. They have manufactured as many complete machines as available materials, manpower and. governmental restrictions would permit and have maintained throughout this period the high standards for which American farm machinery is noted throughout the world. Products of the farm equipment industry have always been sturdily built to take the beating farm work demands; some idea of their sturdy construction is Indicated by the orders for repair and replacement parts, received by manufacturers, for machines 30 and even 40 years old, still operating. Today, the Great Plains areas of the equipment going into the hands United States, expenditure of less of the farmer is better engithan 10 minutes of man labor per neered than ever. bushel is not unknown when modern Knowing something of the men methods and machines are used. In other crops, the story is similar and, who design and manufacture these because of such methods and the farm machines, I am convinced that marvels of present day equipment, the products for the postwar era will it has been possible for the farmers be even better. The history of the of the Americas, Great Britain, or farm equipment industry has been others of the United Nations to one of continuous progress and of service to agriculmaintain or expand their production ture. I am confident that this record will be even brighter In the years ahead. ever-increasi- Feb. 17 Marines invade Iwo Jima. Army lands on Corregidor. Feb. 26 Philippine commonwealth returned to Filipino people. Mar. 17 Iwo Jima captured with marine casualties of 19,938. April 1 Invasion of Okinawa started by 100,000 troops. May 24 550 superforts firebomb Tokyo. May 27 Chinese capture June 12 Australian troops invade Borneo. June 21 Okinawa campaign successfully ends. Aparri captured by Yanks. July British warships join 3rd fleet successfully attacked Japan's greatest naval base on Kure, Honshu islands. bottle up Japan Aug. 3 with mines. takes over Aug. 4 MacArthur command of Ryukyus. Aug. 6 Atomic bomb destroys most of Hiroshima. a Aug. 7 Superfortresses hit naval arsenal. Aug. 8 Russia declares war on Japan. Aug. 10 Japan asks for peace terms. Aug. 14. Japs accept unconditional surrender terms. s Toy-okaw- EMPEROR: His Background coulter. corn-picke- Their authority with the overthrow of the military governors in 1SCS, the Japanese emperors, supposedly descended from the sun goddess, have exercised their mythical power for the unification of the country to facilitate its imperial development With the overthrow of the shogun-at- e shortly after Admiral Perry opened the door of Japan to the outside world, the simple island people, previously owing strict allegiance to the military clan, easily transferred their blind obedience to the mikado. The present mikado, Hirohito, is a puny, nearsighted man of 44. He is called the 124th emperor of Japan by the Japanese court authorities. When he ascended the throne in 1926, he chose the word "Showa," meaning "enlightenment Plow nsed on Gen. George Washington's plantation in Virginia. Has wood moldboard, wood standard, no landside. Flat Iron share and iron certainly became more attractive than it was to Millet's "Man With the Hoe." With the development of other types of equipment, which have followed in rapid succession, agriculture's progress has steadily continued. No longer does the tiller of the soil fit the poet's description of "stolid and stunned, a brother to the ox." No longer does the plowman homeward plod his weary way. He rides. The horse-draw- n cultivator and grain binder have given way in many areas to the tractor, cultivator and the combine. Harvesting of the corn crop is now performed in ever Increasing measure by the tractor-operate- d cotton costs are being reduced by the mechanical cotton picker; the primitive pump is succeeded by the electrically - operated water system; hand milking by machine milking. The heretofore laborious Job of making g hay is becoming less of a chore through the newer machines for harvesting and storsuch ing of this important crop as power mowers, rakes, pick-u- p balers, forage harvesters. And so it goes each step an improvement over the old; less labor in growing and harvesting of food and feed crops; in livestock raising; in horticulture or dairying. In every branch of agriculture, the story is the same; Increased efficiency through use of the machine; reduced effort on the part of the operator; more time for the better things of life, Impossible of attainment in former times when the days were not long enough even to perform the single Job of raising the food for the family. In discussing the part which modern farm equipment plays in saving time and labor for the farmer, we are apt to overlook some of the Important services which it renders In the Job of food production. Modern farm equipment has done more than any other one thing to neutralize weather hazards. It enables the farmer to both control and shorten his crop handling time, thus increasing the amount of work that can be done In the hours of sunshine allotted to him; weed control and eradication can be adapted to individual weeds; controlled plowing depths do much to bury such insect pests as the corn borer. Hessian fly and the boll weevil; quick and positive erosion control Is made possible through modern, mechanized farm equipment. All of these tend to increase acre yields and. In many cases, save entire crops. Cost Per Unit Decreased. One hundred years ago, with tools then available, it required several days of man labor to grow and harvest an acre of wheat. Today, In and peace," to describe his reign. Many political experts believe that personally Hirohito wanted peace, but as the puppet of the military clique had to go along with their designs. Actually he wields little real power. His actual "reign" began in 1921. then as prince regent he ruled in his father's stead. He was married in 1924 and is the father of one son and three daughters. RECONVERSION: i'cxt Job With World War II finished, and with the nation's great armament production due to be slashed, interest mounted in the government's program for switching industry back to a peacetime basis and providing continued high employment. Shortly before the cessation of hostilities. President Truman called In War Production Board Chieftain Krug to go over plans for speeding up reconversion to prevent a large-scal- e rupture of the country's economy after J day. At the meeting. It was determined that the WPB was to conduct a vigorous drive for the expansion of production of materials in short supply to meet all demands; limit manufacture of articles reV-- quiring scarce materials; establish effective control over material stockpiles to prevent speculative hoarding that would endanger the stabilization program; provide priority assistance to break bottlenecks that might Impede the switch back to civilian goods, and allocate scarce materials for lower priced articles to keep costs down. of food in the war period, despite reduction of workers on the land. Without the aid of such labor and time-savimachines, there is little doubt that the millions of men in the armed services and the many millions more at home would have long since faced serious food crises that might have jeopardized the outcome of this world struggle. It is ti ne that thousands of persons in war-tor- n countries, cut off from normal food supplies, have perished, and that in areas where the population still depends upon primitive agricultural methods, starvation is not ? " - y 'V If y i Trunin hit J.n Mi ilr:,'. J ' V . ' Original John Deere Steel Plow. s en-live- ns by 6 transfer designs on tea towels, on cottage curtains, on the corners of a breakfast or luncheon cloth. Besides yellow for the canary, red, green and blue are the other colors needed. ICE C mm LOnDOMOniJ BUT- SNAPPY FACTS r; r-..- little canary any kitchen. Use these BRIGHT 6 ll X v y . - - back-breakin- i A For years the farm equipment To obtain six transfer designs for tho Canary Towels (Pattern No. 5244), color dealers, manufacturers, industry chart working. Illustrations of stitches and trade publications have been Used, for send IS cents in coin, your name, active advocates of soil and water address and the pattern number. conservation and improvement of Send your order to: soil fertility. One-cro- p farms, espeSEWING CIRCLE NEEDLEWORK cially where tobacco, cotton and 709 Mission St., San Francisco, Calif. corn were the cash crops, began Enclose 16 cents for Pattern bringing home to them the fact that the nation's wealth was leaching No down the hillsides and into the streams that carried it to the ocean. Nam- eSuch lands were rapidly passing out Address. of production, ceasing to pay taxes and to support prosperous farm families and communities. Villages, even counties, faded with the farms as they "wore out." MAKE To awaken the nation to the consequences of this trend, if not counteracted, the industry long has. laid stress upon the long-pubenefits of At hom Any flavor Delicious Smooth soil conservation and the part that No No ic crystals No cooking No scorched flavor Easy farmers can play in the program by each in 20 5i pkg. recipes Inexpensive using the tools already on the farms, Please send this ad for free full sire sample offer, or buy from your grocer. and available for soil conservation efforts. Contour farming, terracing and crop rotations in the United States Brand Homemade Ice Cream go back to Thomas Jefferson's work STABILIZER in Virginia well over a century ago. - 35 H0WM0 UN FUtNCtSCO Clllf lONDOKOf Writing in the American Farmer in of the United 1821, the States, in a signed article, answered Nan-nin- g. V. S. 3rd fleet. July 24 U. S. Developments Modern Machine Farmer Builds Up for Prosperity June 28 Luzon declared completely liberated. July 2 Australians landed at Canary Designs Will Enliven Your Kitchen LIFE OF MACHINERY The life of farm machinery can be greatly extended as proven by tests conducted at the University of Missouri. Corrosion and lack of care of unhoused farm machinery cut its life in half, and added to the upkeep cost A record on a few of the Implements: Life Housed Unhoused Equipment Walking plows 20 years 15 years Gang plows ...20 years 10 years Corn planters. 8 years 4 years Cultivators ...20 years 8 years Mowers ......12 years 7 years 12 years 5 years Binders 24 years 19 years Wagons Disk harrows.. 15 years 8 years' kyo. 17 i Labor Costs Reduced and Farm Efficiency Greatly Chronology Japanese War Dec. 7 Japanese sneak attack on Pearl Harbor. Dec. 8 United States declares war on Japan. Invasion of Philippines and attack on Guam and Wake start ed by Japanese. Dec. 10 General MacArthur starts battle of Manila. take W ake. Dec. 25 Japanese Hong Kong fulls. Dec. 26 Japs bomb Manila, despite fact it was declared open city. NEPHI, UTAH TIMES-NEW- .i,stoJL. 11 - i ' t Jfii RSJSSSER -- JpyjjJ 1,417,000 airplane tires wore built in 1944-7- 33 mora than wcr produced in 1941. Carbon black Is a pigment which, when mixed with rubber, reinforces tha molecules of rubber similar to tha way slag or pebblas or used in reinforcing concrete. It is tha third most Important mala- rial that gaas inta a tiro. Shortages of carbon black, textiles and wire arc- - largely responsible for tha present critical shortage of tires. Over 125 feet of teel wire ore used In the construction of an average-siz- e passenger car tire. Facsimile of original McCormick reaper, which proved one of agriculture's most important machinery developments. uncommon. But such disasters serve to underline the importance of substituting improved food producing equipment for the hand tools of the ancients. Man can get along without many things, but not without food or the means of producing it. With the wider distribution of present-daequipment and the new, even more efficient "machine tools of agriculture" to be available after the war, is it too much to hope that the scourge of famine may be stamped out entirely? In any event, the manufacturers of farm equipment can be relied upon to do their utmost toward that end. In the meantime, they are continuing to produce both for civilians and military purposes. Doing Big War Job. Their factories have been turning out immense quantities of munitions and material for use on land, sea and air, and they will continue to do so as long as the emergency requires. They have produced more repair parts in the last several years y REPAIR FOR 194S It is always easier, costs less and takes less time to prevent a farm machinery breakdown than to fix one. According to present indications, the farmers of 1946 will be utilizing the same prewar machinery that they operated in 1944. Every farm should have a comfortable work shop, where all machinery can be placed under shelter and gone over on rainy days for the long winter months ahead. As equipment finishes its Job, it should be cleaned and put away. inquiries from readers of that pioneer publication as to contour farming and about the plow he used on his 's Virginia farm. But Jefferson's efforts to teach the pioneer American farmer to build a permanent agriculture, and with it community and national prosperity, were soon forgotten in the rush to virgin lands that opened up to settlers as the Louisiana Purchase and other territorial acquisitions beckoned young farmers toward the and the Pacific. While good farmers on their own initiative followed conservation practices, comparatively little was done In an organized manner until the United States department of agriculture in the '20s began taking active notice of the erosion of top soil on cultivated lands; set up -control experiment stations and Instituted an intensive study of soil erosion. In 1935 the Soil Conservation service was established and by the middle of last year, 45 of the states had soil conservation districts totaling 1,114 and embracing 620,491.197 acres. Being vitally Interested in this effort long before there was tin organized conservation program, the industry naturally got behind and cooperated with the United States government in helping the farmer solve his land problems when the nationwide program was inaugurated. Through personal etfort; in their advertisements, and booklets on the subject farm equipment companies, their field representatives and dealers have made helpful suggestions to the farmer on soil fertility, water capacity and preventing the loss of soils. mid-We- is RFGcstlrieli erosion- You CAN relieve ATHLETE'S 80.6 of cases bowed clinical int. promneot after onl-- 10 FOOT dari treatment wich SOS1TONS Impartial, tele tine lit I SORETOHE I Mast k McXetsm RafeMns awMi tack psrartM SeM aid) O 50 and M.CO "12 m I |