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Show Page Two THE British City Plan for Local Offices Ta A irl IU HIU rAmrkUllI-T-iIN- M ucmuuiiuaiiuu F7 , TIMES-NEW- NEPHI. UTAH S. Thursday, September 28, 1944 PeopleMoved to Country to i A.Jr 1 their share in shaping the plans of the government, for the ministry of agriculture consults regularly witk the National Farmers' union, the workers' unions, and the Central Landowners' association. Before the outbreak of war in 1939 the minister of agriculture had called for an increase in the amount of land under the plow. In the spring of 1939 a subsidy of two pounds sterling ($8) an acre was granted for the plowing-u- p of seven-yegrassland and bringing it into cleanliness and fertility, and immediately after war broke out, each farmer was asked to plow up roughly 10 per cent of his unplowed land. Further financial grants are now made in order to encourage the production of certain crops and to discourage the production of others. Payments of four pounds ($16) per acre .are made on crops of rye and wheat harvested, and ten pounds ($40) per acre on potatoes. The Farm Survey. However, muchof the land has had to be reclaimed to offset losses of land to military and industrial use. Therefore, it was extremely important that the best possible use be made of each farm acre, and in 1941 the Farm Survey was initiated. This survey consisted of: (1) a "farm record" for each farm, containing information under the following heads: conditions of tenure and occupation; natural state of the farm, including its fertility; the adequacy of its equipment; the degree of infestation with weeds or pests; the adequacy of water and electricity supplies; the management condition of the farm, and its wartime plowing-u- p record. The information on the management condition of the farm is summarized in the grading of the farm as: (A) well farmed, (B) moderately farmed, and (C) badly farmed. (2) The complete 1941 June 4 census return of the farm including all the usual statistics of crop acreages and live stock numbers together with supplementary information, asked especially for Farm Survey purposes, on length of occupation and rent of the farm. (3) A plan of the farm showing its boundaries and the fields contained h in it, on or scale. The Agricultural Executive committees have the right of entry on all farms and the power, which it has not been necessary to use often, to remove inefficient farmers. They can compel farmers to follow their directions, and have the power to take over badly farmed land with the consent of the minister of agriculture. They may then rent this land to suitable tenants, or farm and improve it themselves. The land taken over is acquired at value when possession is taken, and within five years after the war it must be offered back to the original owner at a price determined by agreement or arbitration if the minister of agriculture believes the land will be properly managed and cultivated. Today a trip through the English countryside is a refreshing experience. Wheat acreage has increased from a million acres in 1939 to 3.200,- - foke Is on Hitler As He Unwittingly ... Aids Food Program & " ' Whatever insane plans were oehind the Nazi robot bomb mm mutwmUM ing, certainly helping the Eng lish farmer was not one of By BAUKHAGE Yet that is what has them. New Analyst and Commentator, happened. As the harvest season of WNU Service, Union Trust Building, erans administration with its hun1944 approached, it seemed dred offices with a personnel ex-Washington, D. C. certain that there would be These days it is popular to criti perienced in handling cize Democratic methods for their claims since the end of World an acute shortage of farm la- lack of speed. The legislative mills War I. borers. In other years the Committees were appointed in the do grind slowly as we have noted army had been able to assist various states composed of reprewith many of the measures delay with the harvest, but the army lng readjustment to the peace to sentatives of these agencies, whose now busy in France and come. But in the case of the first function was to assist in the creation is elsewhere. There are few steps toward preparing for de of the information centers. In many mobilization which have brought up states these committees have been young men left in England. l such hearty disagreements, it so able to report that the organization The Women's Land army has happens that, quite unobserved by of these smaller groups is now adehelped all through the war Making a "V for Victory" symbol most observers, the machinery has quate to handle the present load; years, but this year it was al- with his pitchfork, George Casely, an been grinding steadily ahead just in other states the completion of the ready fully employed. English farmer, defies Hitler and his the same. organization is underway. Mr. ar i is ministration has established more than 8,000 information centers which will be the contact point with dis charged veterans and war workers. It also erected the framework of a system which can be expanded to take care of the peak demands when demobilization starts In earnest. These information centers are the vital points of contact between government agencies and the citizen, veteran or civilian who is starting on the road back to peacetime existence. The philosophy back of this whole readjustment plan is based on the idea that a man or woman can best be served by his own friends and neighbors. The government, local or federal, helps, but the local community whose own prosperity depends on the prosperity and happiness of its members, is the best of guides, philosophers and friends. The Retraining and Reemployment administration is the child of k the report, which is a lengthy document embodying the results of a long study and presented as a suggestion for appropriate legislation. Since the lawmakers were slow in their the President issued his executive order under his war powers. He put the new administration under the office of War Mobilization, its head, Mr. Byrnes, named General Hines, head of the Veterans administration, as Administrator of the Retraining and Reemployment setup. Baruch-Hancoc- New Agency Works With Other U. S. Bodies Under General Hines was created a policy board made up of representatives of the various government agencies whose functions fit into the picture, the purpose being to make use of existing government agencies insofar as possible rather than to create new ones. The agencies represented on the board are: labor, federal security, war manpower, selective service, the war department, navy department, war production board. This board has general supervision of all activities affecting the returned veteran or the discharged war worker and it consults with congress on matters which would promote the processes of readjustment. Specifically this is a large order for it involves getting jobs, getting the right Job for the right man; training for Jobs, trainftig the right man for the right Job and assuring an expert and sympathetic handling of the process, from the human as well as the economic standpoint. It also deals with all the multifold benefits and rights of the GX Bill of Rights, already dealt with at length in these columns. The man on whom most of the responsibility for carrying out the administration's work has fallen so far is C. W. Bailey, executive secretary of the policy board. Following the theory of utilization of existing agencies, the board immediately turned to the throe government apencics which were already engaged in activities similar to those, or including those which the R ii R has to do, namely, selective service with its 6.500 offices in all parts of the country through which virtually everyone who entered the armed services had to pass; the United States Employ, ment service, with its 1.000 full time offices which have been the main channels carrying the war workers to their Jobs, and finally the Vet- - BRIEFS Placements of physically handicapped persons by the United States Employment service may total In 1944. nearly a n Because of the disruption of rail facilities by toe fighting in southern France, American-madtrucks are being shipped to Europe for the of war prisoncr-o- f transportation parcels. e Bailey tells me that he feels that a national framework has been constructed upon which the complete organization can be raised as demobilization begins and war industries are cut down. This is the organization which has been functioning under the executive order. It is taken for granted that it will be continued In function if not in exact form, and of course provided with adequate funds for expansion, by current or future legis lation. But the point is that in the intermin action has been taken, with out working for the legislative bodies to deliberate and adumbrate while the readjustment program merely marked time. Administration Eager To Make Good Showing Since the Democratic administra tion is open to sharp criticism if any phase of the adjustment program drags, considerable effort will be made to show results. Pressure applied to congress to hurry the legislation was exerted, too, with the Republicans perhaps in the less advantageous position since the original measure offered by the administration was considerably altered, first in the senate and later in the house. When the President was asked for comment on Governor Dewey's charge that the New Deal was afraid of the peace because it was uncertain that the economic problems would be satisfactorily solved, the President merely said we could say that he smiled broadly. Meanwhile, some members of the administration not sure whether smiles were in order have been out in the field attempting, to find out just what has been accomplished toward opening the way to full employment, which is generally admitted to be the one sure answer to the danger of a depression. The work of the Retraining and Reemployment administration if it can show a good record can be an example of one of the first concrete steps. Reports of the informal investigators have not been made public. We do know that in some communities the local people have responded well. Many energetic mayors and chambers of commerce are ready and anxious to show their local industries the benefit of the possibilities of expansion. They have been active in making plans which will get the returned veteran or a Job, or get him In contact with the proper source for training which will make him a potential benefit to the community. In such places the committees are quickly and easily formed and are prepared to function in some cases are already functioning effectively. After all, the federal government, by a unanimous vote in congress, produced the GI Bill of Rights, that welfare program opening a thousand effective channels for human readjustment, physical, moral, intellectual and economic, to normal life, to millions of servicemen. It devolves upon their friends and neighbors to see that their benefits remain the benefits of the com munity rather than lose them to some more energetic society or, by complete neglect, to oblivion.' war-work- Total federal receipts jumped from $22,700,000,000 in fiscal 1943 to $40,500,000,000 in 1944. an increase- of 78.7 per cent, according to a recent U. S. treasury report. Analysis of the report by the Federation of Tax Adininistrators shows that more than $33,000,000,000 of the 1944 total, or 81.4 per cent, was brouKht in by income and excess profits taxes. AJ1 other taxes yielded about $7,500,000,000. almost equaling the total federal receipts in 1941. by Bauhhage Curare, a deadly poison that native Indians of the Amazon called 'flying death" because they used it to make poison arrows, is now saving lives of the fighting men of Un.ted Nations, the office of the coordinator of affairu reports. Curare is now used to spastic paralysis and to rela; the muscles of mental nalientj undergoing convulsive shock. Inter-America- HPI AM Robot Bombs, Assist in Harvest of Bumper Crops Vets' and Civilians' Problems Would Be Tackled in Own Communities; Is Major Goal. This was achieved by executive order, and, on the surface at least, it appears that work has been done while congress was disagreeing. Since February 24, when the execu tive order creating it was issued, the Retraining and Reemployment ad Escape The situation looked pretty bad with the richest harvest since the war and not enough help to bring it in. Then along came the robot bomb, or "doodlebug," striking at London and the surrounding counties. The doodlebug does not have the penetrating qualities of earlier blitz bombs, but it has a blast effect that covers a lot more territory. During attacks houses are damaged at the rate of 700 an hour. So the evacuation of London was begun all over again. One million women, children and older men have already left the city, and the second million has started. Where are they going? Straight to the farms where they are helping to reap the wheat, gather the corn, flax and other crops. Evacuation is an old story to most of these people. They are the ones who left during the blitz attacks of 1940 and '41 and who returned to their homes in 1942 and '43. This time many of them do not have homes to which to return. Even with the crews of plasterers, plumbers, tilers, etc., who follow along after an attack to make "first aid" repairs, the great majority of homes are beyond repair. It is not surprising then that many former townspeople plan to stay on farms after the war. Intend to Stay on Farm. In fact, ever since the war began, quite a number of people have been going on farms with the intention of staying. They spend a period of apprenticeship with a farmer first, and usually make good farmers. Even before the war the motor bus had fairly revolutionized farm life and took away some of its terrors for townspeople. There have never been many automobiles in England because of their high cost, and practically none in farming communities. Bicycles have always been the chief means of transportation. The British equivalent to the American county fair is the "walkover," an annual fall event. Because of the shorter distances in England, the farmers go in groups from one farm to another comparing crops and produce. They gather for tea in the afternoon and discuss the methods of cultivation and argue over breeds of cattle, etc. There is quite a bit of interest in different types of fertilizer and many have been tried. The farms are as a rule much smaller than those in the U. S. in fact, all distances in England are shorter than In this country since the whole of Britain is about as large as Illinois and Indiana put together. The English people are in good spirits, notwithstanding the dreadful bombings, and are looking forward to enjoying the fruits of peace. Oddly enough, the farm animals around London were more upset than the people. The doodlebugs often fall or are shot down over open country In the counties of Kent, Sussex, Essex and Middlesex, all on the channel coast. The cows particularly were upset by the crazy contraption and didn't produce as well as they had. However, it didn't take long for them to become adjusted, as animals especially cows usually do. and they are now up to their previous records. The way city people have adapted themselves to farm life Is remarkable. Town girls who had never been near a farm before are now doing dairy work with a zest. They are hnpy and look wonderful. They are housed in brick buildings of nature where they eat in communal dining rooms that are nicely furnished. More Machinery in Use. There has been a decided increase in the use of farm machinery since the outbreak of war. Today bombs. y v "He needn't think he' starve us out," said George, who erates a dairy farm re can op- in Devon. England is the most highly mechanized farming country in Europe. The big tractor works that had con templated closing down early in 1938 were given a contract by the govern ment to produce all the tractors they could. Farm machinery was also shipped from Canada, Australia and the United States. In order to make the best use of available machinery, plowing contractors were helped to extend their operations, and farmers were asked to help each other. In some counties implement depots, where a farmer could hire an implement for a few shillings a day, were set up. There has been a remarkable in crease in the actual number of ma chinery of different types employed, The number of tractors has about tripled, cultivating instruments have increased about two and a half times the prewar level. Harvesting machinery, however, has not shown a comparable increase, but the intro duction of improved types, such as the combined harvester-thresheto gether with its greater use over longer hours per day and for longer periods, have helped. Farm wages have almost doubled since the war and it is hoped to keep a considerable part of the Increase after the war. This is important because tenant farming in England is widespread most of the farmers do not own the land they work. They are furnished homes with garden plots as part of their wages, and usually live on one farm all their lives. The wages are reached by agreement between the National Farmers' Union and the Agricultural Farm Laborers' Union. Britain Feeding Self Now. Before the war Britain was only 40 per cent in food, and imported 8 million tons of animal feed annually. Perhaps this was the basis for Hitler's decision six-inc- r, nt ' F ' f """II ' - s ' t ' iMilt;i;nii ' ' - - - w' jUiipiEUHjiuM " - Notes of a Netvspaperman: Washington, D C. CONGRESSMEN TO LONDON Londoners relayed this one via D Without any publicity, the British Chandler . . . About the luncheor government has quietly moved tc rendezvous between the King and improve British good will by arrang- General Eisenhower, during which ing air transportation for six con- His Majesty turned to the Genera) gressmen to London. They will in- and remarked: "What do you think spect the damage, done by the robot cf Montgomery?" blitz and take side trips into France. Eisenhower paused and then reThe British embassy did not actuplied: ' "He's a great military ally invite the congressmen to come genius, but frankly I often have the to England, but made a point of let. feeling he's trying to get my job." ting three Republicans and three "Oh, really?" said King George. Democrats know that seats on Brit- "I'm glad to hear that." ish planes leaving, New York for "How do you mean," Ike asked, London were available. "you're glad?" ' First pair to go were Representa"Well," answered the King betives James Richards, South Caro- tween giggles; "to tell the truth I've lina Democrat, and Karl Mundt, been a little worried about the same South Dakota Republican. They thing, myself I" were followed by Democratic Congressman Brooks Hays of Arkansas If this Bernard Shaw and Republican Walter Judd of Min- has been George it eluded us. sally printed, nesota. The latter trip may be sig at his last birthday he told nificant since it occurred only a few newspapermen: "Yes, I am now 86 days after these two had Introduced and I haven't an enemy in the world, Ten-nyrat- their resolution calling for consideration of the peace terms by this country. The last pair includes Republican Walt Horan of Washington and Dem ocrat Chet, Holifield of California. Holifield, incidentally, was planning a quick trip overseas in order ta check on some lend-leas-e matter! for the house Democratic leader- ship. Each pair consists of one Republican and one Democrat, with the British determined to do all they can to prevent inter-part- y strife in the U.S.A. from interfering with the peace conference. The congressmen were told by the British: "We have already been host to several American scientists and educators for brief trips across, and we don t like to discriminate against congressmen. ALLIED SKI TROOPS For the first time in the war, Ca nadian and American ski troops are due to see the sort of action they were trained for. The first special service force, trained in mountain warfare at Hel ena, Mont., and in Alaska and the Aleutians, is now in southern France with the forces of General Patch, thrust across the Maritime Alps into northern Italy will give them their first actual skiing action. This spe cial service force includes both Ca nadians and Americans, and will probably come up against German rear-guarunits as the Allied ar mies chase the Nazis toward the Brenner pass. d ELECTION IN BRITAIN British government leaders aren't saying anything about it, but Roosevelt has been tipped off by Churchill that immediately after the fall oi Germany a general election will be held in England. In fact, Churchill's Conservative party leaders have already sent in structions down to their borough leaders to begin organizing for national election. Churchill's party strategists have already had conferences with leaders of the Labor party and have sought their support for a continua tion of a future coalition govern ment, ihe Labor leaders of the Churchill cabinet, however, have said no. They believe that after the war, Labor should go on its own. Conservative leaders, however, figure that .the rank and file of the L.aoor party will not follow their leaders but, instead, will follow Churchill. Tractors, many of them from the United States, rip np the Enelish grasslands as the British determinedly set to work to raise as much of their own food as possible. At the outbreak of the war in 1939, the British Isles produced less than 40 per cent of their food. By 1944, they were raising 70 per cent. not to invade England; it looked easier to bomb and starve the country into submission. But while the bombs were dropping in London and the seacoast towns, the British farmers were busy In 1939 plowing up the grasslands. there were 19 million acres of these grasslands, and seven million acres have now been brought under cultivation. This is against two million acres of grassland plowed up In World War I. Today Britain is raising more than 70 per cent of its 000 in 1944. Potato acreage was 700,-00- 0 in 1939 and is now 1,400,000 Lhurchill's move in calling the general election immediately after me anmsuct is considered very snrewd timing. Today he is popu lar in England. A few months from now he may not be. The British prime minister will stand on his war record, and his cooperation with Roosevelt will not be played down as one reason why he should be re turned to power. It is expected that the Conservative party will win wunout loo much difficulty. not ene enemy!" . "A beautiful thought," responded a reporter. "Yep," added Shaw, "I've outlived them' all!" At a Hollywood gathering the othOgden Stewart made a talk on the brave new world. He told the story of the little boy whose Sunday school teacher asked who made him. The boy replied: "I'm not done yet I plan to have a part in making myself." er night Donald Joe Alger is the chief copywriter of Life promotion . . . With others on the staff Alger was figuring out a new slogan for Fortune . . . Fortune', they all agreed, was changing in character and it should also have a new slogan . . . His clown suggestion got a howl, to wit: "Although Fortune is only half the size of the phone directory it is twice as interesting!" Mark Ethridge, the Louisville newspaperman, and his wife recently had Vice President Wallace as their house guest . . . Mrs. Ethridge recruited the entire family to help dust off things, wash every window, etc. . . . After two days of Mrs. Ethridge cautioned the children: "Remember now, Mr. Wallace is a very simple man." "Well, if he is," groaned the tiniest of the Ethridges, "then all I cam say is that we've, done a lotta unnecessary work!" house-cleanin- ants walked in and across the way from where a Major was seated with a charming young thing . . . The wolves decided to try and meet her but how? . . . They scribbled a note to the Major, hoping he would be flattered by it and send for them . . . The note read: "We wish, sir, you would settle something for us. We are seated across the way. My friend says yot Impress him as being a lawyer in civilian life. I say you have the manner and poise of a dignified doctable-for-two- 'd tor." The Major enjoyed the flattery for a moment but after noting their handsome features and youth, sent back this message: "I was neither a doctor nor a lawyer as a civilian. As a matter of fact, I was a taxidermist and I fully Intend to preserve this pigeon for myself!" Lint From a Blue Serge Suit: Mme. Chiang k walked out because his first wife is living in the house . . . Tax experts point out that Frank Sinatra's income of $1,450,000 will net him little more than $25,000 . . . The Den't of Jus tice is insisting It be consulted on the legality of any peace treaties. Kai-she- A rate ... gangs and members of labor pools. Some groups live in small mobile trailers In which they travel around the country. The schedule of reserved occupations, set up on the outbreak of war, was finally replaced in January, 1942. by a system of personal deferment, and all applications for deferment of military service in respect of workers on the land in the agricultural industry are dealt with by the district manpower boards under a special scheme operated Jointly by the ministry of agriculture and the ministry of labor and national service through the countv war ttrirnt. tural executive committees. In general, men over 25, If are bona fide farm workers, they are retained in the Industry; men under 25 are subject to an individual examination and if they are deemed to be "key" workers where they are employed, deferment is granted for an Indefinite period. CAPITAL CHAFF ft GI Joes are plenty peeved over the army's mustering-ou- t pay program. Canada gives its disehnro. men $100 for clothing, plus $9 for each month's service, ft GI Joes are writing the war department that most men will need tn entirely new wardrobe costing their total mustering-ou- t pay. ft Officers receive extra pay for all the time-of- f they are entitled to when leave the aervice. . . Ihey aant to draw their furlough ci ahen they leave the arm to g, It happened In the Stork Club . . . Two handsome young Army lieuten- movement has started to deco Bob Hope, Jack Benny and others who have gone overseas with the boys . . . Ben Swig, a Boston realty NAZIS IN SPAIN man, bought the St. Francis Hotel Once again Nazi troops are mak (San Francisco) for 4Vi miU. He ing lor Spanish soil. Members of 1944. paid $750,000 in cash. Four day the army which got its first taste of later he sold half interest for that After two lessons In one generawar seven years ago by putting um. In short, he owns a 4A mil tion, the British farmer is deterFranco in Madrid, today are steal- lion dollar hotel for the price of a mined that the land must not go out ing through the French round trip ticket to the coast. of cultivation again. Whether his debelow Bordeaux to be countryside interned in sire will be realized or whether BritSpain rather than be captured by The ain will return to the policy of imhave a complaint the French. This was why about a musician Fighting food. in a symphony porting food as a balance to manuthe Spanish ambassador in Wash- orchestra. He The general policy governing agri- factured goods exported, is one of allegedly refuses to ington last week issued his statecultural production is laid down by the problems of peace. Perhaps the ment play the National Anthem and barring Nazi exiles. the cabinet, and the minister of ag- two can be correlated with the incurses it a However, real test of U. riculture is responsible for carry- creased use of farm products for is in the policy making. Some Baseball Is the only enterprise ing out the government's plans. The manufacturing purposes. Nazi military men are already in that hasn't raised its prices execution of these plans is in the In any event, the farmers of EngFrench Spain, plus collaborationists bands of war agricultural executive land have joined hands with all the. who will later be charged with war His friends are urging a high diplomatic committees, who in turn appoint dis- farmers of the Allied nations to show crimes for Mayor LaGuardia . . . against France. It will be Knopf post trict committees of local farmers. that this most peaceful of occupa- up to U. will get James Stevens' new S. Ambassador Carlton Farmers' organizations, land owners tions can become a mighty Implesaid to be a masterHayes, apologist for the Franco gov manuscript and agricultural workers all have ment of war. piece. He gave Paul Bunyan te eminent, to deal with them. American literature. acres. Milk production has increased in consumption total from 303 million gallons in the year ending March, 1939, to 1 billion 40 millioa gallons in the year ending March, All Sorts of Persuasion Used to Keep British Farm Hands on Land Vigorous measures have been tak en in Britain to keep farm laborers on the land. Agricultural workers who have left the industry have been encouraged to return to it. and conscientious objectors are used to supplement the existing labor supply. Labor gangs and labor pools have been set up to supply labor for drainage, harvesting and other purposes. Special hostels have been built by the ministry of works and buildings to house mobile labor 1 lTii'lTllllillllTlP William A. Lydsate. editor of the GallupoU (his book, "What America Thinks," is due on the 20th), offer mis io show what Americans think bout Germany. Not long ago kok a poll asking people how thty ihvf thought Hitler should be treated aft er the war. Practically everybody wanted him hanged, shot or imnrla- ancd Indefinitely. There were a lot I Ingenious sueeestions from the A San Francisco school public. teacher said: "Have somebody read his own speeches back to him day ana night until he goea nuta." |