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Show THE Thursday, May 20. 1937 Who Gave Us Memorial NE.'HI. UTAH TIMES-NEW- PACE THREE route Day? By ELMO SCOTT WATSON gave us Memorial Day? Before attempting to answer that question, one might appropriately enough ask another "Which Memorial Day do you mean?" a a1 11. i ai a.i J : rt r or 11uie iruui is mat mere are no iless uiao uve umeiciu days of the year which are observed as Memorial Day in different parts of the country. W a. TTi April 26 is Confederate Me-- " morial Day in the states of service was held in Montgomery, Ala., on the same date. Up in Alabama, Florida, Georgia Fredericksburg, Va., May 10, the and Mississippi. Kentucky, North Carolina and South Carolina set aside May 10 as their Confederate Memorial Day. May 30 is National Memorial Day, observed in all states and territories, except Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, and South Carolina. Georgia celebrates this day as World War Memorial Day and Virginia celebrates it as Confederate Memorial Day. (Inc- identally, North Carolina, which formerly celebrated only May 10 as Confederate Memorial Day, began in 1935 to observe May 30 as National Memorial Day.) June 3 is Confederate Memorial Day in Louisiana and Tennessee, (the latter also observes National Memorial Day on May 30) and since June 3 is Jefferson Davis' birthday it is celebrated as such in Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, South Carolina, Texas and Virginia. June 9 is celebrated as Memorial Day in Petersburg, Va., the only city in the United States which has its own such day of commemoration. As for answering the question asked in the title of this article, it is virtually impossible to assign credit for the idea to one person and say positively that any man or any woman was the "father" or the "mother" of Memorial Day. It is, however, possible for a person to trace the growth of the idea and mention the names of some who played a part in its development. As early as May 1, 1865 a memorial service for the war dead had been held in Charleston, S. C. It was the idea of James C. Redpath, k " 'f 4. w MISS NORA DAVIDSON One of the original members of the Petersburg Ladies' Memo- rial Association. war correspondent and later founder of the famous lyceum bureau which bore his name, who was then superintendent of the 'freedmen's schools in Charleston. Eut this isolated instance probably would not have been enough alone to have established the custom had it not been followed up by a chain of circumstances of a similar nature. Some time in the spring of 18G5 the women of Columbus, Miss., began decorating the graves of soldiers who had died in the service of the Confederacy and the following January Mis3 Lizzie Rutherford suggested to other members of the Ladies Aid society that April 26 be set aside each year as a special day for decorating these graves. . That date (which is still celebrated as Confederate MemorialDay in four Southern states) was the anniversary of the surrender of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army, the last formal act of the War Be tween the States. Accordingly their first Memo rial Day service was held in St Luke's Methodist church in Columbus on April 26, 1866 with Col. James M. Ramsey as the orator of the day. On that day, also, the graves of both Union and Confederate soldiers buried near Columbus were decorated with flowers. Previous to that time the worn. en of Columbus had written to their friends in other Southern 6tates telling them of their idea for a memorial day and a similar anniversary of the death of Gen. "Stonewall" Jackson, was chosen as the date for such a service and that date survives as Confederate Memorial Day in these Southern states. First in the North. Meanwhile a similar idea was taking form up in the North and at least one memorial service was held there in 1866. On May 22 Gen. John J. Murray of Waterloo, N. Y., and some of his comrades in the Union army decorated graves in their home cemetery. But more important to the growth of the idea than this one instance was a series of events which had been taking place out in Illinois. One of the regiments in Gen. W. T. Sherman's expedition to Meridian, Miss., in February 1864, was the Fourteenth Illinois infantry. One of the officers of the regiment was Maj. Benjamin Franklin Stephenson, who had been a doctor before entering the e service in 1862, and his and bosom companion was Rev. W. J. Rutledge, chaplain of the regiment. During that campaign Rutledge suggested to Stephenson that the soldiers so closely allied in the fellowship of hardship and suffering would, after they had been mustered out of the service, naturally desire to form some kind of an association to preserve the friendships and memories of their war days. The idea appealed to Stephenson and the two men agreed, if they were spared, to work it out. After the war they kept alive the subject by correspondence and in the winter of 1865 Stephenson, who had returned to his medical practice in Springfield, 111., showed to his friends there notes on a proposed ritual for such an organization. In March, 1868, Rutledge came to Springfield and the two men spent considerable time working on the ritual. So far, no name had been selected for the organization but it is quite likely that the title of an order, started the previous year in Missouri and named the "Advance Guard of America, or, The Grand Army of Progress," suggested the title which was finally adopted the Grand Army of the Retent-mat- public. When at last the ritual was ready for printing, Gov. Richard J. Oglesby of Illinois suggested that, in order to insure secrecy, it be set in type and printed in the office of the Decatur (111.) Tribune, whose owners, I. W. Coltrin and Joseph Prior, as well as all their compositors and pressmen, had served in the Union army. The G. A. R. Is Born. While this work was under way Dr. J. W. Routh of Decatur, a friend of Stephenson's, went to Springfield accompanied by Capt. M. F. Kanan, to make inquiries about the proposed organization. After calling upon Stephenson, they resolved to organize a "post" in their city at once. Within a short time they had enough signatures to an application for a charter and they hurried again to Springfield to present the application in person and arrange for the first muster. Accordingly on April 6, 1866 Stephenson, assisted by Phelps, organized Decatur Post No. 1 of the Grand Army of the Republic. Thus it was that the G. A. R., which was destined to become the founder of a national Memorial Day came into existence. By a curious turn of fate this organization which had been principally Stephenson's "brain child" was to bring him one of the greatest disappointments of his life. For when his comrades gathered at Springfield to form a department, another man was selected as its commander and a still further sorrow came to him when the national encampment was formed at Indianapolis. Instead of being made national commander, as he had expected he would be, he was passed over and given the subordinate office Disheartened of adjutant-generaby this experience and broken by work and his disappointment, Stephenson removed his family from Springfield to Rock Creek, 111., where he died in 1871. Several years later his body was removed to the Soldiers' Plot in Rose Hill cemetery on the banks of the Sangamon river, at which time tardy tribute was paid to his memory as the "Father of the G. A. R." Two Versions. As for the succession of events which led to the establishment by the G. A. R. of the day which we now celebrate as National Memorial Day, there is some dispute as to exact details. In 1868 Gen. John A. Logan was the " l. ,1 " 4 CCIY2Q Adventurers' , m m aw aa Club V Chicken Salad. quart cold chicken pint finely cut celery 3 hard boiled HK 2 cupful mayuiinalM Small bottle of olive Sail to tattle Paprika 1 ar Joint the dressed chicken and "77ie Halifax Explosion"-By FLOYD GIBBONS Famous Headline Hunter DON'T believe it hurts any of us to stop once In a while I and take stock, to reflect how lucky we actually are. 4 Actrets 1 it I Ann Harding boil until tender. Allow it to cool, then cut into small pieces until the required amount is obtained. Use only the whitest celery, and none with coarse strings. Cut two of the eggs, not too tine. Mix chicken, celery, eggs and seasoning. Allow the mixture to stand with a little French dressing for an hour or more in a cool place. To serve, the mayonnaise may be That's one reason why I'm telling today the adventure of Mrs. B. A. Henneberry of New York, N. Y. It s an incred- mixed with the chicken or served ible tale, this story of how out of two hundred people living as a top dressing, according to taste. within range of an explosion, only ten survivors remain on fresh lettuce leaves. of whom Mrs. Henneberry is one. 7 ft n i Mrs. Henneberry house was at 1406 Barrington street, Halifax, Nova Scotia. Canada. Because the large row of houses was owned by a Mr. Flynn, It was known as Flynn Block. The day was December 6, 1917. At 8:30 a. m. the Henneberry children, all five of them, were retting ready for school. The two oldest children bad Just left the house, and the younger ones were eating tbeir breakfast. A hundred yards out In the harbor. direcUy across from Mrs. Henne- berry's house, several boats lay at anchor, one of them carrying ammunition, for this was during the World war. i 1 Serve Garnish with slices of the third egg and stuffed olives. Sprinkle with paprika. WNU Barvlca. Copyright Foreign Words and Phrases Q Toute medaille a son revers. (F.) Everything has its good and Mrs. Henneberry, wishing to make sure the children had gone around its bad side. Chacun pour sol et Dieu pour the corner to school, as was her custom went to the front door and tous. (F.) Everybody for himself opened It and God for all of us. In the harbor, she noticed a cloud of smoke rising. She remembers Je suis. (F.) I am. hearing someone say. "MY GOD. THE BOAT'S EXPLODEDl" Then Ad nauseam. (L.) To the point a blast of air lifted her bodily. of disgust. She lost consciousness. . . Mrs. Henneberry'a husband had served overseas with the second Argumentum ad absurdum. (L.) An argument intended to prove On the day of the explosion he waa In the hos draft of the pital. When he heard the noise of the explosion, he said to one of his the absurdity of an opponent's ar gument. buddies, 'The Germans have got us," thinking it was an air raid. Pater patriae. (L.) The father Just then one of the boys came in and said, "No, Ben, aU of his country. the North Side is blowa up, one of the boats exploded carrying " Chronique scandaleuse. (F.) A ammunition." When Ben Henneberry heard that, he said: "My family is up scandalous story. Bon marche. (F.) A bargain. there." HasUly he assembled some of his friends and started for the Empressement. (F.) Eagerness. north end of tLe city. All the soldiers and sailors were out to help them. Embarras de richesse. (F.) Throngs of Hysterical People. Oversupply of material. The city was roped in because aU the people who had relatives liv Entr'acte. (F.) Between the ing there were trying to rescue them shouting and yelling and nearly acts. going mad with fear and anxiety, so Mrs. Henneberry relates. If the Laissez ces vains scrupules. people were not stopped some of them they would actually run into (F.) Discard or lay aside those flaming buildings. vain scruples. Into this rush of hysterical human beings, Ben Henneberry pushed his way, making with agonized premonition for the unrecognizable mass of fallen stone and timbers that had been his home. . . When Mrs. Henneberry came to, after the explosion, she was lying In the cellar of her home. All around her she could hear people screaming for help. She was completely pinned by the large timbers and foun dation of her house. She was lying on her back, and all she could do was to move her fingers, she says. If you want to really GET RIO OP The Ammunition Ship Exploded. Ss Clara Barton, founder of the Red Cross, and Mrs. John A. Logan, part in the founding of Memorial day. commander - in - chief of the strewn the graves of the ConGrand Army and N. P. Chipman federate dead in ancient Bland-for- d was adjutant-generaAccording cemetery in commemoration to one story, Chipman was told of that event. The connection of by a former private in the Union this observance with the estabarmy, a German, that in his na- lishment of a National Memorial tive land it was the custom of the Day by the G. A. R. came about people to gather in the spring- in this way: In March, 1868, Col. Charles L. time and scatter flowers on the graves of the dead. He suggested Wilson, editor of the Chicago to Chipman that the Grand Army Journal, invited a party consistinaugurate such an observance in ing of his niece, Miss Anna Wilmemory of this nation's soldier son, his fiancee, Miss Farrar, dead, whereupon Chipman, much General Logan and Mrs. Logan to impressed with the idea, immedi- visit the battlefields around Richately made a rough draft of gen- mond. Logan, then a congresseral orders covering the subject man from Illinois, was detained in Washington by some urgent and laid it before the commander-in-chief. Logan, warmly ap- legislation pending in congress proving the idea, added several but he insisted upon Mrs. Logan paragraphs of his own and signed accompanying the party. Among what has since become historic the battlefields which they visited as "General Orders No. 11," es- were those in and around Peterstablishing May 30 as National burg and in the cemetery there Memorial Day. they saw the withered wreaths Another account brings into the and tiny Confederate flags placed or rather, on the graves of the dead on June picture a woman several women. And for the prop- 9 of the previous year. Mrs. Logan, for many years er background for this version it is necessary to go back to 1864 known as "The Grand Old Lady and bring into the story the rea- of Washington," has left this ao son for Petersburg, Va., being the count of what followed: only city in the United States "In the bleak March wind and that had a Memorial Day all of g snow, the desolation its own. seemed most oppressive. Return On June 9, 1864 General Kautz ing to the old Willard hotel, where with a division of 20,000 Union we then lived, sitting in our par cavalry approached Petersburg lor after dinner, we recounted to as a preliminary to Grant's at- General Logan the incidents of tempt to break in the "back door" the trip and how deeply touched of the Confederate capital by cap- we were by the devastation and turing this important railroad cen- ravishes of war. In the church ter. At that time Petersburg was yard around an ld historic unguarded but Gen. R. E. Colston church at Petersburg, every foot and CoL F. H. Archer, wounded of the ground seemed occupied Confederate officers home to con- by the graves of the Confederate valesce, were notified of the ap- dead. Upon them lay wreaths. once beautiful flowers, now crumbling, which had been placed there by loving hands. Lit tle faded Confederate flags marked each grave, mute evi dence of the devotion of the south ern people to their loved and lost. "General Logan was much impressed by our description, say ing, 'The Greeks and Romans in the day of their glory were wont to honor their hero dead by chaplets of laurel and flowers, as well as in bronze and stone,' and that of the as commander-in-chie- f Grand Army of the Republic and member of congress from Illinois he would issue an order establishing Memorial Day, then called Decoration Day. He declared at the same time that he believed that he could secure the adoption of a joint resolution it a national holiday and making V? - - mm i a national ceremony. He then y .?. j took up a pencil and paper and order wrote the matchless BENJAMIN F. STEPHENSON No. 11." Founder of the G. A. R. As a result of this order formal exercises were held at Arling proach of the Union horsemen. ton. Va. (later the site of the Summoning the home guard of present Arlington National Ceme old men and boys, who were extery) on May 30, 1868, the prin empt from military service, they cipal ceremony being the decora marched out to meet the invad' tion with flags and flowers of a ers. They engaged a detachment monument to the "Unknown of 1,300 so fiercely that Kautz. Dead," a memorial that had been believing he was facing a much erected to the memory of 2,111 of his men, delayed larger body unidentified dead found on the advance. of Bull Run and the route The home guard held their own fields to the Rappahannock. until they were outflanked, but by this time Lee had hurried Who gave us Memorial Day? reinforcements to Petersburg and No one person can be honored the city was saved,. as the giver. Many contributed the Home Guard. Honoring to it James C. In May, 1866, the Petersburg something Miss Lizzie Rutherford and Ladies Memorial association, the women of Columbus, Miss.: with Mrs. W. T. Joynes as pres' Benjamin Franklin Stephenson; ident and Mrs. Stephen Fenn as the women of Petersburg, Va.; secretary, was organized, prob Gen. John A. Logan and Mrs ably in response to word from Logan. Thus both the North the women of Columbus, Miss., and the South had a part in bring in regard to their observance of ing it about but today it knows a memorial day. But instead of no North, no South, no East, no joining with them in observing West. It is the day, whether April April 28 as that day, the women 26, May 10, June 3 or June 9, of Petersburg chose June 9, the when Americans pay reverent anniversary of the heroic defense tribute to the memory of their of their city by its home guard. soldier dead. and since that year they have O Western Newspaper Uolon. who bad a l. light-fallin- Red-pat- h; Sixty-third- s. One thing, and that only, saved her from being burned to death. Her borne was so close t the water that the waves washed aU over the demolished building, extinguishing flying sparks. Otherwise, Mrs. Henneberry says, "I wouldn't be here to teU the story." Not far off, completely crushed and buried under timber and de bris, lay one of Mrs. Henneberry'a children. She could hear the child moaning and crying, but she could not move to help her. After a while she heard the child's cries cease, and she knew she was dead. Then Mrs. Henneberry sank into merciful unconsciousness. Their Five Children All Dead. At three o'clock, Ben Henneberry, frantic with grief, came upon the unconscious form of his wife, and the scattered bodies of his five dead children. Of this I simply cannot write. No words of mine could ever n portray this scene, nor would I if I could. Suffice it to say that the husband and his friends assisted in putting Mrs. Henneberry on one of the numerous boats that were taking victims in relays to a hos pital in the south end of the city. So extensive was the damage that all hospitals were jammed, vic tims were taken to the colleges for treatment and hospitalization. Mrs. Henneberry says she was taken to the "Women's College." Some doctors and nurses from Massachusetts had been sent along, and she hap pened to be one of their patients. She was so badly hurt that she just lay numb for three weeks. When she got out of the hospital, she had to , walk on crutches for a year. While Mrs. Henneberry was in the hospital, her family doctor came into the ward and was talking to one of her neighbors. Speaking of Mrs. Henneberry, he remarked how badly he felt, after being her doctor for sa many years; for, be said, he could hold out little hope for her. When Mrs. Henneberry heard him say that she spoke op: "No, doctor, I'm still here." "He was the most surprised man I ever looked at," Mrs. Henneberry says. Relatives in Massachusetts mourned her as dead. On Christmas Day they got word she was still alive "The best Christmas present they ever got," they said. grief-stricke- Service. NU Name of Lake Is Longest in the English Language Lake Chargoggagoggmonchaugga- goggchaubungungamaug is a beautiful body of water lying within the limits of Webster, Mas., and near the Connecticut line. It has an area of about two miles and is noted chiefly for its unusual name, which is believed to be a combination of the names of three Algonquin Indian villages which once stood on the shores of the lake, with a termination meaning, "fishing place at the boundary" thrown in for good meas ure. The lake has three divisions, notes a writer in the Indianapolis New- supper, middle and lower, and ac cording to a popular story two Indian tribes living on opposite ends of the lake had a long dispute as to which tribe had the right to fish in the middle section. Finally they framed a treaty providing that each tribe had exclusive rights in its own end of the lake, but neither had the right to fish in the middle, and they applied to the lake a name made up from the terms of the on treaty and meaning: "You fish noyour side; we fish on our side; body fish in tho middle." The word Is pronounced "char-gog- g - a - gogg - mon - chowg ga gogg - chow - bun - a - gung accent on the 1, 2. 4, 6, 8, 9 and 12 syllables. On many maps and in many reference works the lake is labeled "Chaubunagunga maug," which is a contraction of the longer name. The average na tive of the region Is satisfied to call it simply Lake Chaug. In 1932 a committee appointed -- Don't Sleep VJken Gas Presses Heart GAS and terrible bloatina. don't expect to do it by Just doctoring your stomach witn narsn, irrttaung aiKanes ana tablets." Most CAS is loagea in tne stomach and upper intestine and Is due to old poisonous matter in the constipated bowels that are loaded bacteria. with If your constipation is of long standof dangerous enormous quantities ing, Then your dibacteria accumulate. GAS ie often presses upset. gestion heart and lungs, making life miserable. You can't eat or sleep. Your head aches. Your back aches. Your com- Your lex ion Is sallow and pimply. E reath is foul. You are a sick, grouchy, YOUR wretched unhappy person. SYSTEM IS POISONED. Thousands of sufferers have found In Adlerika the quick, scientific way to rid their systems of harmful bacteria. Adlerika rids you of gas and cleans foul poisons out of BOTH upper and lower bowels. Give your bowels a Get REAL cleansing with Adlerika. rid of GAS. Adlerika does not gripe is not habit forming. At all Leading Druggists. 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Formerly the name was also often writ ten "Chargogoggagoggmanchaugg- agoggchaubunagungamaugg." To Get Rid of Acid and Poisonous Waste ' Your kidneys help to keep yod wefl filtering waste matter by constantly from the blood. It your kidneys get and fait to disordered functionally remove excess impurities, there may be whole the ol system and poisoning . distress. Burning, scanty or too frequent urination may be a warning of some kidney or bladder disturbance. You may suffer nagjrtng backache, persistent headache, attacks of dizziness, swelling, pumneas getting up nights, under the eyes feel weak, nervous, all played out. In such eases It Is better to rely on a medicine that has won country-wid- e eeclsim than on something lees favorably known. Use Dodn't Pill. A multitude of grateful people recommend Body-wi- The Guelph Treasure The Guelph Treasure is a collection of ecclesiastical objects include ing portable altars, crosses, tablets, monstrances and a number of rel iquaries. Its origin and history are closely bound up with the Bruns wick royal lineage of the Guelphs and their predecessors, the Bru- nons, according to an authority in the Cleveland Plain Dealer. "It is a unique and final witness to the wonderful mentality of the Middle ages, in which we find expressed both the religion and the understanding of art of a mighty German lineage," states a catalog on the Guelph Treasure, edited by Otto Van Falke, Robert Schmidt and George Swarzenski. Wrote for Posterity When Samuel Butler, the English author, wrote his first book the pub lic received it coldly, in r'her words it remained unread and unnoticed. Butler declared he would write no more tor his contemporaries but would write for posterity only. And sure enough, he was right. He died in 1902, he and his books almost unknown, and immediately after his death his "Erewhon" took the world by storm, and he was llaced among the grea'. writers of his generation Doom's. Auk vtmr enVtaoorl THE CHEERFUL CHERUB a a mt a I love the. nicKt so soft zsvi deep, I love the cheerFul I almost to sleep h.tt to go And miss some time. " la r |
