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Show Friday, March 9, 1928 THE TIMES-NEW- S, PAGE NINE NEPIII, UTAH w Parasites Kill cava .m aw mSBm Much Live Stock i r Deserve More Attention and More Money for Their Investigation. USE OF TONICS IS MONEY WASTE (Prepared by the United States Department of Agriculture.) Ten per cent of all the newly born calves, pigs, lambs, colts, and chicks, as well as other representatives of the domestic animal family, die eneh years as a result of the work of para- Erri: "5 By ELMO SCCTT WATSON NEW memorial to one of the most romantic, and at the same time one of the most tragic, figures In American history will be A r t-- erected at the scene of one neriod of his career, if present plans are carried out, according to press dispatches from Niagara Falls, N. Y. A meeting of a state commission was held there recently and the project of a $250,-00- 0 monument to the memory of 4 Chevalier Robert de la Salle and other pioneer explorers of the Niagara district was Indorsed by its members. The plans call for the erection of the monument on property to be purchased by the state of New York from De Veaux school for the extension of the Niagara state reservation. This property Is located on the lower gorge bank, overlooking the Whirlpool rapids, and the monument will rise higher than the famous Brock monument at Queenstown Heights on the Canadian side. At the top of It will be placed a statue of La Salle and at its base will be a museum for the display of historical relics of the .Niagara Falls Historical society. Standing In the middle of a beautiful park and illuminated with a colored floodlight system the monument will be an Impressive memorial to a great American pioneer and the combination of historic and scenic (Dterest which it will have will make it a place In which all Americans will be interested. TfHTB1!! more than 250 years have passed since La Salle played his part In the making of this country, the story of this "Undespairing Norman," as one writer ha so aptly called him. Is still an inspiration to all Americans who admire the type of high courage in the face of many disappointments and the stern refusal to accept defeat which was his. His story has often been told, but few have written of his career better than has the author of the volume, "Crusaders of New France," in the Yale university press "Chronicles of America" series, William Bennett Munro. From his chapter "La Salie and the the following excerpts are taken : rt Caveller, Sleur de La Salle, like so Into the many others who followed the recesaea of the new continent, waa of Norman birth and lineage. Rouen was the town of his nativity; the year 1643 probably the date of his birth. . . . . While still In the early twenties he came to Montreal, where he had an older Lrother, a priest of This was In MS the Seminary of St Sulpice. ThrouKh the Influence of his brother, no doubt, he received from the seminary a grant of the self;, neury at Lachlne on the river above the town, end at once began the work of developing- - this prop-- . .erty. r 9 In the winter of he heard froip the Indians their story of a great southwest river, which made Its way to the "Vermilion Sea." The recital quickened the restless strain In his Norman blood. Here, he thought, was the long, sought passage to the shores of the Orient, and he determined to follow the rlvtr. Having no other means to obtain funds with which, to equip an expedition, La Salle sold hla selgneury and at once began his preparations. In July, 1669, he set oft. with a party of about twenty men, some of whom were missionaries sent by the Pemlnary of St. fiulplce to carry the tidings of faith Into the heart of the continent. Up the St. Lawrence and along the south shore of Lake Ontario they went, halting at Ironvequolt bay while La Ralls and a few of hla followers went overlsnd to the genera villages In search of guides. Continuing to Niagara, the party divided and the made their way to the Sault St. Marie, while La Salle with the remainder of the xpedltlon struck out south of Lake Erie and In all proba-blllreached the Ohio by descending one of It branches. It Is believed that desertions among his followers prevented further progreso La flail retraced and that In the winter 169-1(7- 0 hla steps to the lakes. In Its main object, the expedition had been a failure. Having exhausted his funds. La Salle had Bo opportunity of making another trial. He accord Ingly asked Frontenac (the "Iron Governor" of Canada) for trading privileges at Cataraqul, the site of moriVrn Kingston, where stood the fortified post named after the governor. I'pon Frontenac' recommendation he received. In 1674 not only the exclusive right to trade but also a grant of land at Frnntenno on condition that he would rebuild the defenses with stone and supply a garrison. The conditions being acceptable the explorer to his new poat and was soon engaged In the fur trade upon a considerable scale. La Pall, however, needed more capital than he himself could supply and In 1677 he made a aecond trip to Frsnee t. with letters from Frontenso to the klrg and He also had the further design of obtaining 25-fo- . Rene-Robe- fleur-de-l- ... is 1668-166- s ... v has-tene- d Col-ber- .- - .- - a' t anothel authority and funds. for tr'P of explora. . tion to the West. In Paris fre fcund attentive listeners' f 6B";'rJllan8, (to seek the source of the Mississippi which Mar- quette and JoltetNtiad reached in 1669 but had not followed far enough to determine its outlet), and even the king's ministers were Interested so that when La Salle sailed back to Quebec In 1678 he brought a royal decree authorizing him to proceed with his project. With him came a d. ring spirit who was to be chief lieutenant and faithful companion In the ensuing years, Henri de Tontl. This adventurous soldier was later known among the Indians as "Tontl of the Iron Hand," for In his youth he had lost a hand In battle, and in Its stead now wore an artificial one of Iron, which he used from time to time with wholesome effect. . . . La Salle's party lost no time In proceeding to Fort Frontenac. Even though the winter was at hand Hennepin was sent to Niagara with Instructions to build the post and to begin the construction of a vessel so that the journey westward might be begun with the opening of spring. Later in the winter. La Salle and Tontl joined the party at Niagara, where the fort was completed. Before tons, spring arrived a vessel of about forty-fiv- e the largest yet built for service on the lakes, had been constructed. On Its prow stood a carved griffin from the armorial bearings of Frontenac, and out of Its portholes frowned several small cannon. With the advent of summer La Salle and his followers went aboard, the sails were spread, and in due course the expedition reached Mlchllimack-inac- , where the Jesuits had already established their most westerly mission. The arrival of the Griffin brought Indians by the hundred who marveled at the "floating fort" and to barter their furs for the trinkets with which La Salle had provided himself. The little vessel then sailed Into Lake Michigan and Anally dropped anchor In Green bay, where an additional load of beaver skins was put on the deck. With the apLa Salle, proach of autumn the return began. however, did not accompany his valuable cargo, having a mind to spend the winter In explorations along the Illinois. In September, with many misgivings, he watched the Griffin set sail In charge of a pilot. Then, with the rest of his followers he started southward along the Wisconsin shore Reaching the mouth of the SL Joseph he struck Into the Interior to the upper Kankakee. This stream the voyageurs. who numbered about forty In all, descended until they reached the Illinois, which they followed to the point where Peoria now stands. Here La Salle's troubles began In abundance. The Indians endeavored to dissuade him from leading the expedition further, and even hla followers began to desert. Chagrined at these untoward circumstances and on his guard lest the Indians prove openly hostile. La Salle proceeded to secure his position by the erection of a fort to which he gave the name of Creve Coeuer (Broken Heart) Here he left Tontl with the majority of the party while he himself started with five men back to Niagara. His object was In part to get supplies for building a vessel at Fort Creve Coeuer, and In part to learn what had become of the Griffin, for since that vessel had sailed homeward be had hear J no word from her crew. Proceeding across what Is now southern Michigan, La Salle emerged on the shores of the Petrolt river. From this point he pushed across the neck of land to Lake Erie, where he built a canoe which brought him to Niagara at Eastertide, 1(80. His fears for the fate of the Griffin were now confirmed; the vessel had been lost, and with her, a fortune In furs. Nothing daunted, however. La Salle hurried on to Fort Frontenao and thence with such speed to Montreal that he accomplished the trip from the Illinois to the Ottawa In less than three months a feat hitherto unsurpassed In the annals of American exploration. At Montreal the explorer, who once more sought the favor of Frontenac, was provided with equipment at the king's expense. Within a few months 'i was again at Fort Frontenac and ready to Join Tontl at Creve Coeuer. Just as he was about to lepartt however, word came that the Creve Coeuer garrison had mutinied and tad destroyed the post La Salle's one hope now was that his faithful lieutenant had held on doggedly and had saved the vessel he had been building. Hut Tontl In the meantime had made his way with a few followers to Green Bay so that when La Ball reached the Illinois he found every one gone. I'ndlsmayed by this climax to his misfortunes. La Salle nevertheless pushed on down the Illinois and early In December reached Its confluence with the Mississippi To follow the course of this great stream with the small party which accompanied him seemed however too hsxsrdous an undertaking. La Salle therefors retraced ht steps once more and spent the next winter at Fort Miami on the Kt, Joseph to the southeast of Michigan. In the spring word came to Mm that Tontl waa at Mlchillmack-Insc- , snd thither he hastened to hear from Tontl's own lips the long tale of disaster. "Any on else," wrote an eyewitness of the meeting, "would have thrown up his hands and abandoned the enterprise; but far from this, with a firmness and constancy that never had lis equal, I saw him more resolved than ever to continue his work and push forward his discovery." Now thst he hsd Mississippi. l.s Hall he hsd followed turning with Tontl ished his supplies. -- . caught Ms first glimpse of the was determined to persist tin-tIts course to the outlet. Reto Fort Frontenao he replenIn this same autumn of 161, with a larger number of followers, the explorer il --3 sites, according to Dr. M. C. Hall, chief parasitologist of the United States Department of Agriculture. Losses from parasites, he says, run Into hundreds of millions of dollars annually. Parasites Are Increasing. Our live stock, from horses nnd cows to chickens nnd pigeons, is at tacked Internally and externally hy parasites representing hundreds of species, the horse alone having aboutHie ev 200 such enemies listed. dence Indicates, says Doctor Hall, that for the most part these parasites are Increasing in numbers and importance nnd are extending their distribution In the United States. Several reasons for this increasing spread are cited by Doctor Hall, among which he emphasizes the chance from rango conditions to modern pasture practice thereby Increasing the density of stocking. Modern transportation facilities also aid In the distribution of parasites over a wide range of country. Economic Importance Not Recognized. efforts of the paraThe sitologists, veterinarians, nnd stockmen are controlling or defeating a small number of parasite species, says Doctor Hall, but we are losing ground to all the others. The basic research on which control measures must be based has not even been attempted for most of these parasites. The economic Importance of animal parasites It not generally recognized, and for that reason too little attention has been given to their study. Fcoui i)oth the economic and scientific standpoint""antmal parasites are important .and deserve more attention and more men and money for their v investigation. The use of tonics for dairy cattle. Is a waste of money, according to EL J. Terry, extension specialist in dairying "at the New Jersey State Colleg of Agriculture, New Brunswick. Mr. Terry writes in the New Jersey Agriculture, official publication of the college and of the state experiment station: "Every year thousands of dollars are spent by farmers for stock food or tonics which are supposed to stimulate the appetite and keep the(-. cow's system in running order. Resuits at various experiment stations show that It does not pay to spend money for these patented mixtures. if a cow is managed and reu wun reasonable care her appetite does not If she is sick a need stimulating. veterinarian should he called. If a condition, has cow is In a passed the tuberculin test, has solid teeth In her head, and does not re-- , spond either in milk or flesh to good' feeds such as hay, sllnge, corn, oats, bran, and oil meal, there Is some vital ailment which It Is doubtful If a tonic J -sd , run-dow- n well-curr- will cure." He continues: "It must be admitted of course, that animals sometimes show an Improvement following the use of a stock food or tonic, but If the truth were known, this Improved condition or higher milk yield would have to be attributed to better care and feeding of the anl-mnl- s. The directions accompanying the tonics are quite likely to specify proper feeding nifthods." The writer concludes that If a herd Is fed the right kind of roughage and grain there is no need for feeding any tonic patent mixtures of a nature. Healthy Vigorous Calf Milk, Changed to Skim an be . A healthy vigorous calf changed from whole milk to separator or skim milk when it Is about four Skim Milk Unexcelled weeks old. Delay making the change as Protein Supplement on less thrifty calves until they are Skim milk is unexcelled as a pro- - five of six weeks old. The change -- hut In most to skim milk must be made gradually, fur ""siAmpnt T7.TTWfc-- swine,' inaalr tn tein supy.:-ratpm.P4theim- v. v. :!..,. w tan ilflvtl Each redlining '"'-d.4lneeciions or tne East it a little less whole milk Is used In pTiJ?,' possible to get or prohlbltl 7rrl!ttle more skim milk Is toput In so In practically all rations fishmeal put yuxtessiiry or tankage are used to balance up the Its It" nor place. corn or other high carbohydrate feeds. anything in the milk to take Hie fmcV Tankage is a packing house of the cream, but the calf should ba It is made from fresh meat given a handful or two of grain folscraps, fat triramfngs and scrap bones. lowing the milk. Three parts oats, These are cooked under high steam one of bran and one of linseed pressure, and then dried and ground Ig a good combination. A little fine after being passed over pteel choice clover or alfalfa might also magnets to remove any metullic mabe placed before the calf so It can terial present This product runs nibble on it when hungry. from 40 to CO per cent protein and An allowance of ten to fifteen 1 to 10 per cent of fat The variation pounds daily, divided Into two equal in protein depends on the amount rjf feeds, will be about right at the start bone present, and for this reason and this can be gradually increased should always be bought on a guarto about twenty pounds dally If t antee of composition. It can be obgood supply Is available. The amount tained from your feed dealer or from given to a young calf should be dethe packing company. cided according to Its health and Fishmeal Is a product which has vigor. become very popular In the East as Two Important precautions are to protein supplement, and runs about feed the 'milk while still warm and fresh nnd to clean the feeding palls the same as tankage In its thoroughly after "tevery feeding. r i 1?, y ana'-tiAVr- was again on his way to the Illinois. By Februthe party had reached the Mississippi. Passing the Missouri and the Ohio, La Salle and his followers kept steadily on their way and early In April reached the spot where the Father of Waters debouches through three channels Into the gulf. Here at the outlet they set up a column with the Insignia of France and, as they took possession of the land In the name of their king, they chanted In solemn tones the Exaudlat and in the name of God they set up their banners. , But the French were short In supplies and could not atay long after the symbols of sovereignty had been raised aloft. Paddling srowly against the current. La Salle and his party reached the Illinois early In August. Here (on the famous Starved Kock, near U'tlca, 111.) La Salle and Tontl built Fort St. Louis, and here they spent the winter. . . . Early In 1&84 La Salle appeared at the French court with elaborate plans for founding a colony in the valley of the lower Mississippi. To this project the king gave his assent . . . and by midsummer four ships were ready to set sail for the gulf. Once more, however, troubles beset La Salle on every band. Disease broke out on the vessels; the officers quarreled among .hemselves; the expedition was attacked by the Spaniards and one ship was lost. Not until the end of December was the landing made and then not at the Mississippi's mouth but at a spot far to the west of It on the sands of Matagorda bay. . . . Finally In the winter of 1(87 La Sal.e with a score of his strongest followers struck out northward, determined to make their way to the lakes where they might find succor. . . . The hardships of the Journey without adequate equipment or provisions, and the Incessant danger of attack by the Indiana, Increased petty jealousies Into open mutiny. On the 19th of March, 1(87. the courageous and Indefatigable La Salle was treacherously assassinated by one of his own party. Here In the fastnesses of the Southwest died at the the Intrepid explorer of New age of forty-foFrance, whom Tontl called perhaps not untruthfully "on of the greatest men of his age." ary ur FORT NIAGARA BEING RESTORED Old fort Niagara, a landmark of fierce Eight- eenth and Nineteenth century fighting. Is being restored. The War department has directed Maj. Gen. James II. McRne, the commanding general. Second Corps area, at Governors Island, to assume supervision over the completion of the project calling for the repair of the anclenl "Castle" as authorized In the Act of Congress approved February 23, 1927. The "Cadtle" wa orlglnaJly built by the French in 1720 and Is located within the walls of an old masonry fort Fort Niagara is located on a wooded peninsula, extending Into Lake Ontario, at the mouth of Nlngnra river. It was constructed by the French In I0.S7 and for almost one hundred fifty years llrltlfh, French, Indian and Amerlcsn troops fonght for Its possession. In 1725 It was rebnllt by the French and considerably strengthened. In I'.IO It was captured by the British, who held It until 170(1, when It was given op to the Americans. It was recaptured by the Itrltlsh In 1813, but Immediately Abandoned. The fort Is now ocy cupied by the Twenty-eight- h Infantry, the regiment of the First division. During the Revolutionary war Fort Niagara was a constant thorn In the side of the Colonies. It was from the, "Castle" that the expedition that ravaged southern New York and Pennsylvania were directed. The Vyom!ngw Cherry Valley and fchoharie massacres were all directed there. Even after the signing of peace at the close of the war Great Hrltaln retained Fort Niagara, but relinquished It In 17IC. when It was occupied for the first time hy United States troops. The first American flag to fly from the "Cnstle" after it changed hands was carried through the wilderness by the Empire Loyalist club. The fort was senln nnder the Crosa of St. George during the War of 1SI2, when s party of P.rltlsh and Indians captured York Times. Can-tlgn- ew al Hens Appreciate Warm Water During Winter Since eggs are made up largely of water, It pays to keep plenty of clean water before hens at all times, and experience has shown that the hens appreciate warm water, or at least water that Is not Ice cold. Electric or kerosene heaters are used by some professional poultry men, and the thermos-bottl- e type of drinking fountain has fotlnd favor on many farms. Packing the water pail with straw, newspapers or other material will do a fairly satisfactory job of keeping the water from getting too cold, in case other devices are not The bucket should be available. emptied and refilled with fresh, warm water each morning, noon and evening In cold weather. The extra work entailed by this chore Is well paid for In the greater production of eggs. t Short Farm Notes Y Snnd or stones that have clay or dirt mixed with them will Dot make good concrete. see Two farm Inventories, taken a year apart, show whether a farm business Is getting ahead and how much, e e e Concrete foundations provide rigid, durable bases for gasoline engines and other statlonnry farm machinery, e e e concrete foundation wall eight to twelve Inches thick Is usually suitable for farm structures up to two Stories In height A e e e When lights are used In house, the flock must have eat And be mire that water for the hens when they come the roost. e e the ben more to Is ready down off e Experiment at Michigan AgrlrnW tural college show that corn and barley have about equal feeding value for dairy cows and that one may be substituted for th other. Good Grass Pasture Will Stimulate Flow of Milk Good pasture grass holds a place the list of delicacies for dairy cows which no other feed can quite fill. It does have a wonderfully stimulating effect on milk production after a cow has gone through the winter on dry feed alone. However, the ability of grass to produce milk Is generally overestimated, and a cow cannot maintain a heavy flow of milk on grass alone. Grass, and especially early grass, contains a high percentage of water and It Is a physical Impossibility for a cow to eat enough to supply nutrients for more than 25 to 80 pounds of milk a day. Cows giving more than this should receive grain In proportion to their production. In High Butterfat Prices With Coming of Grass The price of butterfat has lately been going higher Instead of lower, as most folks are expecting when the smell of green grass Is but few tendweeks away. This Is having ency tf work the calves off faster at vealsv Get them off as soon as the market will take them Is the rule with most dairymen, but there Is a time when It seems most profitable for the calf to go, at least for the farmer who hos a bunch of those cows that "don't exist," nomely the nil purpose brnte that con raise a calf to become beef or con be milked for cream production. From l.V) to 200 pounds In weight Is a good farm venler and usually Is (he most profitable size. Cow Is Market "That's good hny," an extension worker remarked to busy farmer, who was pnttlng a load of alfalfa In the barn, "Hut," be added, "a good many other farmers near here are felting better prices for their hay than you are likely to get for this." "IIow'i that 7" the rurprlsed fsrn-e- r then S"ke4 "Herause they are feeding It to better live stock. Improved animals pny better return for the .feed they get," wns the extension workfcr'a reply. |