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Show I WHAT HE SHOULD KNOW. A Journalist's General Knowledge Should Be Almost Limitless. If your journalist knows everything, 90 much the better, for there Is bo much to know nowadays that It la admitted that no one may any longer asisxfre. as Bacon did, to make all luowledgehls own. Mr. Pulitzer Is about to spend money In the hope of Siring young men such special training as may best fit them to become journalists. What Is especially desirable that they should know? There are two chief branches of the business making newspaper the paper and selling It. We take it for granted that the new School of Journalism will concern Itself with the editorial side. Its graduates must nave learned how to write. First, they ust be able to tell their stories and express their opinions; secondly, they must learn to have stories to tell and opinions to express. It Is hard to imagine a better school of story telling than every good newspaper keeps for its young reporters. It sends them out to observe and in1 quire; they write down what they spe or learn, their reports are read and revised by editors of experience, and for so much of them as is printed the reporter is paid. Opportunity, instruction and reward come close on one another's heels. Talent, energy and ability are quickly recognized, 4 and promptly rewarded. The rudiments of 5 good writing can be taught in a school, and most good schools and colleges t take special pains nowadays to teach them. But first rate writing is the t : reflection of qualities of mind whic'i ar not nor likely to be so. common, e i Is It the of result and instrucpractice c but more to rlo natural has talent tion, 1 with no than school can it and cither, ii ke to turn more out than a expected c reasonable of excellent proportion r writers. i But a very Important help to good writing is to have something to say 1( and to know what it is. There the ti schools may help. Opinions are not of d. much use unless they are based on 1 , The more accurate knowlKnowledge. Ui observer edge any has, the more opinw ions he is likely to have, and the bet- ' H ter worth printing his opinions will be. The able reporters who get the best assignments are thoFe who are quali01 i fied by knowledge, talent, and experiT I ence to handle them. The successful h. interviewer must himself know at l least enough about the subject on OI which he wants his man to talk, to II ask intelligent questions and to take hi to what is told him. The able corresC( pondent gathers the information wp.h-Ict his reach, adds to it what he knew w efore, sifts it through his own mind, and his paper gets the product. As for th Sta editorial writer, he should know a .1 II ft In tt.n,,f A nn ...l ... Bi good deal about a few subjects, lie ie should be able, with the help of his e2 books of reference, to deal with any th Item of news that comMi in, and with Ie. Sotrie special finer or fines, of news he tr with authority. ti ; should deal The modern method of teaching law to set students to dig their law out b. is Medical stuof the reported cases. dents in like manner are sent to the dissecting rooms to see for themselves. rr. are used In the schools of ;e; both thc3e professions, but in both the a aim is to teach method even more thin ji tacts, and to supplement by ?r School the 'work. Whether practical ic f Journalism will attempt to publish fot . a newspaper remains to be seen, but at E, J least it may teach its young men how Js to study their profession. A good journalist must be a continuing He must study every day; study to get his facts, study to stale them clearly and concisely, study if tie comes to be an editorial writer to make sound deductions from them, lie winst form the habit of taking pains. He must strive urgently and Incessant. must take tj to speak the truth, and he to not print anyTrry particular pains Next so. Isn't important to thing that Is that having knowledge with the demands on it. Is to keep one's statements well within sua knowledge as one has or can acquire for the occasion. If the students cf Mr. Pulitzer's ehool learn by practice to be accurate, and to take pains always, they will have taken a considerable step towards proficiency in their profession. tit a For the rest, we suppose that besidos e t Instruction and practice in the writes h t f English, Ihey will bet filled as full as possible of modern American and European history, and .will be taught the rudiments of law and of finance. Religions instruction Is not likely to n be given them, and yet as religion is a a subject of constant and lively Interest to a large proportion of the newspaper reading public, a newspaper man can i hardly afford not to know it. Sport it will not be worth while to teach us plenty enough beginning Journalists will study It out of hours. Nor is it likely that the school will try to impart the Important qualification called or note for news. That must must grow naturally, as noses do. The amount of technical knowledge which a beginner in Journalism requires Is so small, and the amount of general knowledge that he' can use U bo limitless, that it Is not surprising that some critics have said that the proposed school is not worth founding, because all that Is important In its work may be done elsewhere. Against their opinions is to be weighed the complaint of some newspaper offices that too much educational work is forced on them. Moreover, Mr. Pulitzer's opinion that there is a placo for his school goes for a good deal. He ought to know. He has made newspapers, and has dealt with a great variety of newspaper men, and nobody denies that he knows his business. Harper's Weekly. pre-exis- t, LAST TRACES OF THE BUFFALO. Patches of Greener Grass Mark Spots Where the Herds Wallowed. "Anyone traveling across those stretches of Kansas or Nebraska prairies which are as yet unbroken by the plow, and there are big areas of such virgin prairie still to be seen," said an plainsman, "will notice here and there big circular patcheswhere the grass is greener, thicker and higher than anywhere else around. Those curious circles of superior grass are due to a cause that will never be known again. They are the sole existing reminders of the days when the buffalo ranged the plains, Innumerable in Its herds. "Those rank and verdant patches of grass mark spots where the once common buffalo wallows were familiar and often welcome landmarks on the prairie. Where a little stagnant water had collected, the ground being soft under the short grass, it was an easy matter for the buffalo to make a mud puddle in which to cool off, in a short old-tim- e time. , n Text-book- s : text-book- s st'i-rfm- t L "To accomplish this the bull it was always the bull of the herd that made the wallow would drop on one knee, plunge his horns, and at last hli head. into the earth and make an excavation, Into which the water slowly filtered. Then, throwing himself on his side as fiat as he could, he rolled vigorously around, ripping up the ground with his horns and hump, sinking himself deeper and deeper, and gouging his wallow out larger, until it was of dimensions to suit his purpose. "The excavation would gradually fill with water until the buffalo was entirely Immersed, the water and mud, mixed to the consistency of mortar, covering him from his head to the Up o( his tall. "A buffalo wallow was usually about twelve feet in diameter and from two to three feet deep, and a bull would complete one in half an hour. Sometimes there would be fifty or a hundred bulls waiting for the boss bull to get through with his bath, so they could get a chance at it He usually took his time wallowing In the mud-holWhen it suited him to come out, a frightful-lookinmonster, dripping thick ooze from his huge body, the bull that had won the right to be next In rank entered the wallow for his turn. "So it would go all down the line, until the young bulls who had no recognized place in the herd would fight fiercely among themselves for the next turn at the wallow. The cows had no interest In the matter. They simply stood around and took care cf the calves and cropped the grass. "When the herd moved on from a wallowing place the thick coating of mud on the bulls would become dry, and in the crush of the march would be ground Into dust, which the wind would carry up and over the prairie In clouds. In time of drouth the wallows would become dry, but the buffalo seemed to take as much pleasure In rolling in them as when there was water in the hole. "But no new buffato wallow has been made on the plains In more than twenty years, and there never will be another one made. The old wallows that are still left naturally fill with water during rains, and thus by irrigation make the soil more fertile, causing the greener and ranker growths on the prairie which those curious circular patches of gras show. Within a few years of the plow will have removed these, and th8 last reminder of the mighty hosts of buffalo that once thundered ovef those plains will be gone." rlew York Sun. e. g Out of hiring The deaf man. TAPESTRY MADE IN AMERICA. Panels for Rhode Island's New Batallle of Paris, who in thirteen years produced for the Duke of Burgundy 250 pieces of great beauty, woven in gild threads and fine Arras silk t'or bis best work, woven in gold thread, he received about $350 a square yard. "In 1515 Pope I.eo X commissioned Raphael to design a series of cartoons representing the Acts of the Apostle, which were sent to Brussels to be executed by the memorable Plerri van Aelst, who was for more than thirty years the prince of Flemish weavers. The panels were ten in number, and State-Mad- e In New York. If any man has been justly repaid for th faith that was in him it is Wil- liam Baumgarten, the interior decoratJust ten years ago It occeurred to him that he would like 1.0 attempt the manufacture of tapestries in this counHe induced a master workman try. who had learned his art at the Gobelin works to come to New York, bringing with him a small hand loom. The first piece of work produced was a pattern for a chair back, simple and modest in design, but worthily accomplished by one man's labor in about two weeks Recently in the sumo studio wa3 exhibited a series of ten magnificent panels, each ten feet in height, designed and executed by special order of Mr. McKim for the embellishment of the walls of the senate chamber In the new Btatehouse at Providence, It. I. The work of these panels continued about eighteen months and during this time from sixty to eighty men were constantly employed. More artisaus are now employed in the ateliers at Williamsburg near New York than in both of the French government work shops at Gobelin and Beauvals. From eighty to 100 French families have been transplanted to comfortable homes and the tapestry industries supply them all with steady labor and wages much In advance of the European scale. Few persons realize the amount of skilled labor which the making of tapestry calls for. First the artist makes studies for various parts of the design; then the completed whole is executed with entire artistic care on canvas of the exact size required for tapestry. The painting is then securely rolled on rollers and placed Just below the loom on which the weaver works. Every color, every tint, every tone of the artist is then reproduced by the tapestry worker from his hundreds of reels of colored threads. TJie fact that these patient and intelligent artisians work on the wrong side of the fabric stirs one's admiration the more. The painted cartoon and the real surface of the tapestry face each other, and the workman day by day winds the weaves his colored threads and snips them oil with his sharp knife, secure In his faith that his work will be found fair and good when rolled and Fpread out for the inspection of critical eyes. "Tapestry Is a fabric worked on a chain of threads, which are drawn either vertically, haute lisje, or horizontally, basse lisse. around which ars woven the colored threads of silk or wool," said the decorator. "This produces a stuff In which the lines and tints form combinations similar ta those which the painter obtains wita bis brush, the mosaic worker with bis colored marbles and the enameler with cloisons, filled with vitrified materials. The laying in of the threads Is done entirely by hand and the weaver itllown, line by line, the painted cartoon. "The difference between tapestry and embroidery Is this: In tapestry the figures and pictures form an integral part of the stuff itself, while In embroidery the figure or ornament Is put on a stuff alreay existing. And tapestry Is different from woven stuffs in that it can be made only by hand and never by means of a mechanical loom, which might endlessly repeat the sams design. Every piece of tapestry is. therefore, sn original work by hand, even though the same cartoon may be copied many times. It has been aptly called 'painting by textile materials and Justly so, for the weaver Is lefl with a certain amount of freedom f jr his Individual interpretation, far he must translate. Interpret and transpose In other tones the models or cartoons which the artist provides far him, "The skill of the tapestry worker Is an ancient one. Ksypt, which was the cradle of so many industries, knew at in early age the art of ornamenting fabrics by weaving, embroideries and the application of colors. In the unn the derground temples at back 3,000 wall paintings, which date years before Christ, show a representation of sn upright loom singularly similar to thoe now In use at the Gobelin works. l"urian. chain, cross beam, ram down and to even the to comb all the elements of the haute threads, lisse loom are there. There are plenty of historical proofs to show that the Egyptians under the Pharaohs produced fabrics of extraordinary richness and fineness. "With the beginning of the reign of Charles V the htsfory of art takes form and from this time on on can follow the work of the artists attached to the service of the king and Mudy specimens of their art preserved by the French government. The roost famous nler of this friod wss Nicholas or. Beni-Hassa- were finished In the rapid space of four years of a cost of about $150,000. When this series was shown for the first time In the Slstine chaple the cmg.n gatlcn was astounded. The universal verdict was that nothing more beautiful in the field of art then existed." In 1007 Henry IV took measures to found the Gobelin factory In Parls'and from that time onward France steps o Innto the front rank in the art of the front rank Into the art of Two able artisians weaving. were brought over from Flanders. The king gave them patents of nobility, considerable subsidies and large privileges and a charter of monopoly for tap-intxap-estr- y In the Faubourg years. they and their workmen had free lodging and exemption from all taxes. For apprentices the king gave them twenty-fiv- e boys the first second and for the with year, twenty whose board and French children third, were The imhim. all paid by expense forwas of portation foreign tapestries bidden and the native weave was to be sold at the selling prices in the Netherlands. Coming down to modern times, an interesting experiment was made in England in 1876, when tapestry weaving was begun at the Royal Windsor Tapestry works under the patronage of Queen Victoria. Here was completed a series of panels for the hall and staircase frieze in the house of the late Cornlllus Vanderbilt. After some ten years of bad management the Royal Windsor works, chut down and have remained closed ever since. twenty-fiv- e St. Marceau RECOGNITION "CHESTY." OF the Fact the People Makes the Words. Here is "chesty," slang word, word of the street, expressive and useful, given a place in the newest dictionary. So the dictionary press agent Informs us, pointing with pride to Its presence there as evidence of modern methods in lexicography. In Dr. Johnson's day the province of a dictionary maker was to keep out as many words as possible. Barlow called "clever" a "vulgar word" and advised his readers that It should "never make its way into books." Johnson not quality, Is now the Idae with dictionary editor, and It Is the right idea It is the people who make the words called "fun" a "low" word. Quantity,' not the dictionaries. In all nations there has existed side by side with the written language a spoken one not countenanced by the literary, but far more fruitful In word Invention. Max Muller said that for cne "library" word popular speech could provide a dozen of similar meaning. The "vulgar" words are just as In likely to live as the Rome In Cicero's day the nobles called a horse equus, from which we derive equine. The common people called it caballus, from which comes cavalier. There Is a democracy to language which makes light of the rules of speech laid down by purists. "Chesty" Is popularly regardei as a Devery Invention. It was merely "aphaving propriated" by the been In general use years before his n time. Words that seem to h into publicity, like "chesty," have had a slow maturing process. The poet Dryden was credited with originating half a hundred words: Trench found most of them In 'Ad English writers, many in Chaucer. Americanism"! Is not our guess" also In Chaucer? Asa matter of fact It Is difficult for an individual to make a word as to kill one, excepting always the men of science, who apply new words to new Inventions. Thus Von llelmont, who AnInvented gas, gave it its nam'?. died other word of his Invention, Mai, untimely. Similarly It is to kill a word that the public likes. Johnson and the other lexicographers of his time could not do it. Swift could not do It In the case of "bus' for Richard Grant White "omnibus." could not do It with "telegrapher." If the public; wants the word it keeps it; if not It rejects It, Its verMct is final in language as In ail other An Illustration of i blue-bloode- d. ex-bos- new-lior- so-call- imi-ossibl- e matters. CtDalzIng Measuring the nead. ' STRAWBERRIES AND SUICIDE. The Remarkable Conclusion Reaches' by a Washington Official. An ingenious official in Washington whose genial occupation bs that cf assistant sec retary to the district commission, and who by way of recreation and amusement is a student of tha statistics and causation of suicide, has reached the interesting conclusion that many cases of self destruction ars lus to eating strawberries out of season. Ills reasoning is so logical and bis conclusions bo convincing that to follow them is a pleasure. For example: "Suicides are more frequent in the spring than at any other time. Thro must be some reason for it, and soma time ago I suggested that strawberries were to blame. Investigations I have made have convinced me in my opinion. Eating strawberries out of season Invariably produce mental depression, and it is when people are In low eplrits that they think of sulcldj ind kill themselves. I do not bellavo '.here would be so many suicides if people would not eat Btrawberrles they are rips at home." The fact that premature indulgence 'jx strawberry eating causes mental depression is a matter of general if not There are many iniversal experience. good reasons why this should be so. One is the price. The young man who begins to supply his best girl with louthern berries at fifty cents a plate cents to $1.25 a pint r at seventy-fiv- e box naturally finds his contract with this alluring vegetable conductive to We had not suptnental depression. assumed the often this that posed form of suicidal mania, but it might very well do so if the girl is Inconsiderate. Another reason for the depressing influence of the premature berry is that it Is not nearly as good as it is expected to be by. those who buy it. Its searching acidity, which produces sensations at the hinges of the jaw suggesting incipient mumps, is extremely disappointing, and disappointment is always depressing. The quaint saying of Dr. William Butler concerning the strawberry, Immortalized In quotation by Izaak Walton "Doubtless God could have mads a better berry, but doubtless Go., never did" does not acquire meaning until the strawberry is cheap and abundant Concerning the frostbitten apologies for that fruit which tempt us against our judgment and in spite of experience, the paraphrase would be mare appropriate Doubtless God could have made a better berry, and doubtless Hs un-fc- Jl commonly does. There is also another and even betttr reason why the premature strawberry produces depression snd Induces suicide. It is found in the ear-spllttl- ng cries of the vendor of unseasonable fruit.. Their pernithis cious activity begins early In April and lasts until strawberries are so common that there is no profit in hawking them. The leather-lunge- d Hooligans who in this business might drive to suicide any sensitive person under whose windows they sing their lunelt-and monotonous solas. The wonder not that so many reach the conclusion In the weeks preceding strawberry time that life is not worth living, but that o many of those who hav nerves manage to survive this trying period and resist the morbid impulsa cf Those of our readers who are old enough will remember or fat -strawberry vendor of thirty-fiv- e ty years ago, who perhaps seemed a nuisance at the time, but who, as compared with that now afflicting us, is entitled to live as a pleasant memory. We refer to the woman who balanced a tray of berry baskets on her head t.nd a net railed "Straw o unmusical voice of pitch. She was contemporaneous with the singing chimney etaoin etaoin etat the singing chimney sweep an I the seller of "pinewood" froM a type of wagon long since were fewer If there discarded. Una suicide, In early strawberry a generation ago than now It wni aot because the berries were any diffrr-n- t. but because the first to como to garmarket mere from the near-bbox a a because ws dens, "shilling" the limit, and because the Hooligan who now fthouts his unpalatable ir.d unwholesome fruit with one hand hold-tal- e profitso n portions of thsir lines ing his jaw sgalnst dislocation W2C not then in evidence. New York Times, soul-harrowi- ng en-g- ag s 1 n. te berrie-e-e-e-!'i- n roezio-soprnn- y !., George N. Woodson of Oskaloosa. the firt negro to occupy the bench in Iowa. He Is senior member of th law firm of Woodson Sc. Brown, anl was appointed to preside over the circuit court by Judge Preston, who, during the trial of s rase against a rail road company, was obliged to be sb sent from court for a few days. . , |