OCR Text |
Show THE LEW SUN. LEH1. UTAH Aviation to Revolutionize America's Living Habits Civil Aeronautics Administration Provides Necessary Impetus; New Developments to Have Social as Well as Material Effect. By BAUKHAGE Newt Analyst and Commentator. WNU Service, 13 H Street N-W, Washington, D. C. One thing the war will produce, upon which there Is general agree ment, is national airmindedness. And there will be basic changes In the living habits of the nation, pro duced by development of the air plane, as great or greater than were Droduced by the automobile. The automobile and the good roads which made its use possible revolutionized small town life. The airnlane, according to the experts who manage to snatch a moment to think beyond bombers and fight ers to passenger and cargo planes, Is going to change big town life and perhaps something far more impor tant small-world life, . Recently I had a long chat with one of the men who heads up plant that is turning out planes for Uncle Sam. That is a fulltime Job. But he is a dreamer, too, and the moment he gets a chance to lean back and think out loud about the future, he paints an epic picture of the skyways of tomorrow. "What the roads did for the automobile auto-mobile the airfields will do for the airplane," he said to me watching imaginary airplanes in a blue cloud of cigar smoke. "We now have 25 times as many airports as we had before the war. They are In many remote places. Those places won't be remote any more." West for Warbirdi When he said that I couldn't help recalling a trip I made recently on a special plane across the country. Because we were going to see a lot of airplane secrets anyhow, we were permitted to "look" I mean by that, the curtains weren't drawn as they re in all ordinary passenger planes these days. I won't reveal the details de-tails of what I saw, of course, but I can tell you it was hard to believe. be-lieve. Suddenly In the midst of nowhere no-where the runways of a field below would be visible. A few miles away X could see automobiles or railway trains moving along like bugs or worms. I knew the passengers were looking at the landscape as they passed. But plain and hill and river riv-er were all they could see. Just out of their range of vision there would be a busy airport Only war-birds war-birds nest on it now, but some day commercial planes will rise from these thousands of tiny intersections in the sky routes that will lace the world together in a tiny ball. , The way these dots on the air map have increased is incredible. The Civil Aeronautics administration's first airport program got under way In 1941 with 385 defense, landing areas designated for construction or repair. There were 282 new airports air-ports by the end of 1941 as well as 48 new seaplane bases and anchorages. anchor-ages. The significant increase in landing fields 1 since then is, of course, a military secret At the beginning of 1942 there were 2,484 airports in the country, of which 1.066 were municipal institutions, 930 were commercial' That in itself it-self is significant for it shows how communities themselves pushed forward for-ward to epen their skygates without waiting for a commercial organization organiza-tion to do the Job. The rest of the nearly twenty-five hundred fields were army and navy, emergency or miscellaneous; SO were private. Airport Development Meanwhile, with the aid of the CAA laws were drawn up in many states which In the year 1942 resulted result-ed in the passage of 42 separate acts by state legislations designed to provide municipalities or counties coun-ties or other political divisions with authority to cure defects in or develop de-velop airports. Ten states passed acts to acquire land and construct facilities and operate them. Some states built flight strips beside highways high-ways from unclaimed aviation tax refund money. All this shows how aviation was becoming a part of the national political consciousness. During this time one of the problems prob-lems of the air that few people, even those who constantly use air travel, realize, increased the traffic traf-fic problem. As one pilot expressed It to me, speaking of a field where he learned most of his flying: "Our traffic problem there was a lot more complicated than the one on Times square in New York city." It is easy to see why. Consider that the block system on the rail B R I E F S . . . by Baukhage More than 7.000 workers of Japa- The U. S. department of agricul- nese descent from the Pacific coast ture is preparing for Russian use are harvesting the sugar beets and quick-cooking mixture of rolled oats' other crops of eight western states, soybean flakes, dry skim milk and sugar. Formation of a young people's vol- , unteer aviation corps has been an- The mason jar, fixture of home nounced by the Civil Air patrol To canning since frontier days, will be known as the Civil Air Patrol come forth shortly hi new war dress Cadets, this organization will paral- No sine means that the old mason kl that of the senior CAP. Jar will have to wear a new cap. ways is divided into one-mile sections; sec-tions; that is, a train is warned a mile ahead of the block in which there is an obstruction to traffic. In the air a comparable block is now 15 miles. When the cruising speed of the commercial planes goes up the block will have to be increased. Traffic control is regulated by a federal airways system. In 1941 it was extended to the point where it separated and controlled traffic from 14 centers, established by the Civil Aeronautics administration. Over a million and a half aircraft operations were recorded in that year. The Increase in speed which military mili-tary developments in airplane manufacture man-ufacture have brought about will have a social as well as a material effect. Cruising- At 400 "Think back," my air-minded friend said, "to World War I. Our maximum speed of war planes was about 180 miles. Today, 180 miles is the cruising speed of our commercial commer-cial planes. Today our fast war-planes war-planes make much more than 400 miles .an hour. Let's be conservative conserva-tive and say that in 1965 our commercial com-mercial planes will be cruising at at least 400 miles. "In my opinion we will race the sun from New York to Los Angeles and not do a bad job; leave New York at noon and be in Los Angeles at 4 p. m. their time. "Going in the other direction, leave New York at 3 p. m.. get to London for breakfast Leave Lon don at eight in the evening and get to New York in the morning." It is easy to see that when London, New York and Los Angeles are that near together in terms of time, they will be that much nearer together in terms of thought in habits, customs cus-toms and understanding. There can be no distant places, in the natural course of existence, Americans on business or recreation will move through Singapore, Tokyo, Buenos Aires, Rio, Moscow and their citizens citi-zens will be a part of our cities. When it comes to the makeup of our own towns, large and small, it is easy to see what will happen when a normal daily commuting distance to work will be stretched to a hundred hun-dred miles. The residential area of cities will fan out in monstrous circles. cir-cles. There will be a much more general admixture of viewpoint and attitude of city and country, of community com-munity and community. The melting melt-ing pot of America will produce a much more homogeneous broth of humanity. And it will temper the world. 'Austerity Luncheon Makes Lasting Impression My friend from Australia dropped in suddenly in an army bomber the other day, as friends have a way of doing these days. His business has kept him in Australia many years. He likes the folks "down un der" and he's doing a good job for our soldiers there and for Uncle Sam now. - "Australia is not fighting a total war yet" he said, "but she's a darn-site darn-site farther along than America. We haven't started," he told me. "Because," I suggested, "we didn't get the scare they got and are still getting." "Yes." he said. "Nobody expected expect-ed the Japs to try to get and hold Australia, but they did fear that if there wasn't adequate protection the Japs could bomb Australian cities and the big war plants an along the coast and put them out of business." The thing he seemed to feel that had made a great impression on the "austerity." - "Take the austerity luncheons and dinners that is what they are called," he said. "I invited an American Big Shot to lunch. I gave him the menu. He said: Til take a dozen oysters. 'All right,' I told him,' that will amount to three shili-ings shili-ings and will leave you sixpence, which is enough for a cup of coffee. " It seems that you can buy just so much, no more. You can spend 65 cents for lunch and 85 cents for dinner. You can have your luxuries, but it doesn't leave anything over. And instead of a limit on income of $2,000 a year which has been suggested here; alter taxes are deducted. de-ducted. $10,000 is all that is left WEEKLY NEWS ANALYSIS Act to Defer Stock and Dairy Farmers; Southwestern Pacific Control at Stake In U. S.-Jap'Struggle for Guadalcanal; Wage Ceiling Sets $25,000 Limit on Pay (EDITOR t S NOTE! Wha .pinion. r Wtra Released by Wertern i ,a y mim- .Mil 'for few t If " 1 1 ' &u ft: . 1.11 "VK t MI i - ' ' r " ' A cigarette was the first thing this wounded Australian soldier asked for and got, when the medical corps got him safely behind the New Guinea fighting lines. Fighting in the Port Moresby area, the Australian army succeeded in pushing the Japs back in the jungles beyond the Owen Stanley mountain range. GUADALCANAL: Nip and Tuck It had become increasingly evident evi-dent that the Japs had massed a more powerful naval force in the Solomons than the United States could assemble from a navy divided between two oceans. Moreover, the enemy had concentrated superior land and air forces in its supreme effort to knock out the United States defenders. Outnumbered on three sides by Jap forces with heavy artillery, tanks and supplies, American marine's ma-rine's and army units on Guadalcanal Guadalca-nal Island fought doggedly to hold a small strip of land six miles long and three miles deep and to retain re-tain control of Henderson air field. Whether the embattled Yanks faced another "Bataan" was dependent de-pendent on how soon planes, heavy weapons and supplies could be brought to Guadalcanal. That the Japs were paying dearly for every effort to dislodge the Americans from the airfield was evident from a navy communique which declared that "enemy losses in men and equipment in troop actions on the island have been very heavy as compared com-pared to our own." Jap onslaughts were repeatedly thrown back. One attack pierced American lines south of the airfield, but prompt counterattacks recaptured recap-tured the lost positions. 1 The critical nature of the situation was revealed by mass landing of Jap troops indicating control of the sea in the Guadalcanal area. With the sinking of the aircraft carrier Wasp reported in a communique, commu-nique, navy losses in the Solomons fighting were brought to 14 ships, including three heavy cruisers, six destroyers and four transport ves sels. NORTH AFRICA: Mediterranean at Stakt, American-made and American-manned American-manned planes and tanks continued to play a prominent part in the British armored offensive , against Marshal Rommel's Africa corps along the El Alamein front an offensive of-fensive which might decide the con-trol con-trol of the Mediterranean. Britain's cosmopolitan eighth army, comprising English, Polish, South African, Australian, New Zealand, Zea-land, Fighting French, Greek, and American detachments, smashed at Axis troop and supply concentrations. concentra-tions. In the forward areas, crack infantrymen picked their way gingerly gin-gerly through tricky land mines and fortifications. Fighting on both sides had a cautious, cau-tious, feeling-out character in the early stages as Allied and Axis forces tested their strength for decisive de-cisive blows. Allied troops showed their mettle in beating back counterattacks by Rommel's tank corps. Meanwhile American and British airmen continued con-tinued their assaults on key Axis supply sup-ply ports, bombing Tobruk repeatedly, repeated-ly, destroying enemy planes and shipping. Elsewhere in Africa, evidence had been mounting for weeks that action ac-tion was imminent The Vichy government gov-ernment had concentrated most of its available ships and men at Dakar, while American troops were reported in Freetown and Monrovia, Liberia, south of Dakar. HIGHLIGHTS BOSTON: Dr. Victor Heiser, medical med-ical consultant and author said that 42,000 American war production workers had been killed, either on or off the job since Pearl Harbor, "in spite of industry's best efforts to forestall accidents. Approximately Approximate-ly 121.000,000 man days will be lost to vital war work this year because of absences from the job from all auses." tipr.e In the 'l"'S11l!!J,j Newpaper Union. FARM LABOR: Deferment at Last Steadily worse had become the farm labor shortage. Drastic action was necessary to prevent a breakdown break-down in the all-out war program. Paul V. McNutt chairman of the War Manpower commission, supplied sup-plied that action when he ordered into immediate operation a far-reaching far-reaching plan calling for occupational occupa-tional deferment of 3.000,000 "necessary" "neces-sary" dairy, livestock and poultry farmers. i- . . ;' ' Under the program, draft boards are to reclassify from 3A to 3B all such workers already deferred on grounds of dependency. Local boards were likewise requested to grant occupational deferment to other oth-er farm hands who are "necessary men" and for whom replacements are not available. A further step toward keeping essential es-sential workers on the farm was the army and navy's agreement to refrain re-frain from recruiting key farm em ployees. Employers, including war plants were instructed to cease hiring skilled farm workers. The depart ment of agriculture moved to sta bilize wages on dairy, livestock and poultry farms, while the U. S. em ployment service undertook to recruit re-cruit farm workers from less critical crit-ical occupations and shift them back to agricultural jobs. SALARY CEILING: $25,000 Limit .. From fabulous-salaried Hollywood stars to low paid shop eirls. every American wage earner would feel the impact of Economic Stabilization Stabiliza-tion Director Byrnes' order putting a ceiling of $25,000 on individual salaries and freezing all other wages at September 15 levels. Purpose of the new regulation was to combat inflation and increase fed eral tax revenue on corporations. Control of all wages and salaries up to $5,000 yearly was given to the War Labor board. Under the regulations salary increases could be granted only in cases of individual individu-al promotions, individual merit raises, length of service raises, or under the operation of employee trainee systems. Jurisdiction over all salaries above $5,000 was assumed by the treasury department After the order or-der was issued, President Roosevelt instructed Secretary of Treasury Morgenthau to make future payments pay-ments of his $75,000 a year salary conform to the Regulations. The wage ceiling covers salaries only ana aoes not affect Income from stocks, bonds or other sources. WILLKIE: Reservoir Leaking American radio listeners who may ha,ve expected a rousing, table-thumping table-thumping tirade from Wendell L. Willkie when he reported on his recent re-cent globe-circling air tour, got instead in-stead a quiet, solemn discourse. But there was no mistaking the urgency ur-gency of action he advocated. Appealing for second fronts in Europe and Burma. Willkie urged that we give our Allies more than "boasts and broken promises" before be-fore the great reservoir of good win toward this country throughout the world turns into a gulf of resentment resent-ment in the week's news LONDON: The United States marine ma-rine corps announced that additional units of marines have landed in the British isles. CoL William T. Clement Cle-ment Navy Cross veteran of. Bataan Ba-taan and Corregidor. commanded the troops. He will serve on the staff of Adm. Harold Stark, commander com-mander of United States naval forces in the European war theater with headquarters in London. - im 111 laiiT "w&abeiA RUSSIA: Winter Stalemate In battered Stalingrad women, children chil-dren and old men worked ceaselessly amid the crash of shells and bombs to turn out more weapons and am-munition am-munition and repair equipment dam. aged at the front In Stalingrad, too, tough Red soldiers held off re-peated re-peated Nazi frontal attacks. Northwest of the city Marsh! Tlmoshenko'i relief army hanv mered at the German flanks. The weather was beginning to break In favor of the Russians. Moscow com-muniques com-muniques reported snows on the Stalingrad front and German reports re-ports admitted "unfavorable weather" weath-er" was impeding their operations. Southward in the Caucasus the Germans kept up a three-months effort to pierce the Russ defenses guarding the Grozny oil fields. Failing Fail-ing in their attempt to reach the coveted oil by a drive through the Terek valley, the Nazis had turned toward Nalchik. ATLANTIC CHARTER: F.D.R. Clarifies Renewed assurances that the Atlantic At-lantic Charter applies "to all humanity" hu-manity" were given by President Roosevelt. The President's statement followed fol-lowed Wendell L. Willkie's assertion asser-tion that millions of people in Asia and eastern Europe were bewildered and anxious about America's war aims and were asking: "What about a Pacific charter? What about a world charter?" Mr. Roosevelt pointed out that the Atlantic Charter declares among other things that the signatory governments, gov-ernments, including Russia and China and all the other United Nations Na-tions "respect the right of all people peo-ple to choose the form of government govern-ment under which they will live; and they wish to see sovereign rights and self-government restored to those who have been forcibly deprived de-prived of them." MacARTHUR: No Presidential Bee Categorically answering reports that he would be a candidate for president, Gen. Douglas MacArthur announced from his Australian headquarters that he had "no political polit-ical ambitions whatsoever" and added that "the only hope and ambition am-bition I have in the world is for victory vic-tory for our cause in the war." "Any suggestion to the contrary must be regarded merely as amiable ami-able gestures of goodwill dictated s t -J 1 - - - . . - I : I BP , GEN. DOUGLAS MacARTHUR "... no political ambitions." by friendship," he said. "I started as a soldier and shall finish as one." The Southwest Pacific commander's command-er's assertions were contained in a statement in which he praised Australia's Aus-tralia's war effort. "No nation in the world is making a more supreme war effort than Australia," he said. NAZI SPY: Tells Sabotage Plot Unfolded in detail for the first time was the dramatic story of how eight Nazi saboteurs planned a campaign cam-paign of destruction against key American industries to cripple the nation's war effort The story was told by one of the saboteurs Ernst Peter Burger who with another of the spies escaped es-caped the electric chair by informing inform-ing on the -other six. The occasion was the treason trial in Chicago in which Burger testified aeainst Erna and Max Haupt parents of Herbert Hans Haupt young Chicagoan executed ex-ecuted as a member of thA NbtI band; his uncle and aunt. Walter ana Lucille Froehlins. anil friends, Otto and Kate Wersin ah were charged with harboring and aiuing young tiaupt Summoned from liis Washimrtrm jail cell. Burger described in detail we saooiage plans. Included in the Nazis' equipment were how. f TNT blocks, bombs disguised as coai, incenaiary sticks, infernal machines ma-chines and detonators landed East coast from two, German U-boats which had brought the conspirators con-spirators to America from Cr. many. NAVY: 14,000 Planes Funds were provided for the con- Vf 14'? naval Pnes and 500,000 tons of aircraft carriers when President Roosevelt signed a 15 billion dollar appropriations bilL The bill likewise contained con-tractural con-tractural authority for 500,000 tons of cruisers. It was estimated that the provision for half a million tons of aircraft carriers would provide approximately 25 carriers. PATTERNS o t vying circle dm 1 X1647 IT IS the military air in. the double row of buttons down the front which, gives this young frock its glamour! The same feature fea-ture makes the dress a practical one, for little girls can get in and out of it unaided. Clever piecing gives the frock a full swinging skirt. Barbara Bell Pattern No. 1647-B 1 designed de-signed for sizes 2. 3, 4, S and 6 years. Identity of Ideas Language is the expression of ideas, and if the people of one country cannot preserve an iden tity of ideas they cannot retain an identity of language. Noah Web ster. -4 v& I Good Houseketpiof JL m x SAVE Your Money and Your Counb? By Buying U. S. War Bonds Mussolini He Is premier of Italy by appoint ment of Kins Victor Emmanual IIL But the appointment was made only at the culmination of a bloodless revolution, when Mussolini's Fas cists marched upon Rome In October, 1922, and compelled the resignation of the cabinet then in power. The Fascists, though loyal to the throne. were in a position to have overturned over-turned it also if their demands for control of the government bad not been granted. The Fascists were organized by Mussolini in 1919 as a militant political party. A Leader in Iron and Steel After that war, Luxembourg established es-tablished an economic union with Belgium, adopting Belgian currency. curren-cy. By choice of the people at the polls it continued to be the last of Europe's grand duchies, in compliment compli-ment to the popular head of state, the Grand Duchess Charlotte. It needed no navy and no more of an army than required for home policing. polic-ing. Democratic Luxembourg was primarily an idyllic tourist wonderland wonder-land of small farms, large vineyards, vine-yards, and low taxes. Screens Are 'Precious Metal Porch and window screens made of wire mesh call for critical attention, atten-tion, for they are probably irreplaceable irreplace-able for the duration of the war. Screens should be well brushed to remove any corrosion, and then painted with a mixture of ene-balf spar varnish - and one-half turpentine, turpen-tine, or with paint well thinned with turpentine so that it will not clog the openings in the screen. Pullman Troep Travel Troops who enjoy the comforts of Pullman travel, as more than 500,-000 500,-000 do each month, drink approximately approxi-mately 7 million cups of water, use 8 million cloth and paper towels, 4 million sheets and pillow slips, 233,-000 233,-000 small bars of soap, and 3,100 gallons gal-lons of liquid soap while aboard sleeping cars during that period. Size 3 year. ... m-terialKyTr. SEWING CIRCLE Pattern detUf " h I , n- Addres, .. mm OROER- BY 1 ttMAt f OK BETTER fCORS , In Jealousy . A.nerea more self-W tt, . iuiu constipation! J00 many folks mT.,. ' from constipXf $ constipation toStt?' food" in the dw ivT W only temporary p ThU crisp, deil piles the "bulk- wmfiS. and correct it start and drink plenty otnt what n n.u.., ----- - -uuuuiiu mnerenci Cause InntAoH edy" the result! aSbrhI made by Kellogg', t , - your condition b ad helped by this almpie treated it s wise to see a dmtm A NEW DISCOVERY... perfection in baking result! being made by the hundreds women who are turning, ever; day, to the baking powder ttaff I i iL- L.I.: t...l....:J nas Deen ine Daiuiig uay ihtum of millions, for years and yean J HULMAN & CO. - TERRE HAUTW Founded in 1848 The Repeal AmeaflnMst I The prohibition repeal res was passed by the senate Few 18 and by the house Febrafl) 1933. President Eoosevett Vj flee on March 4. 1933. E tion was sent to the -srM state en February a, ately sent copies of it to w nors w uio . rejection by tte ?r as provided m Arfd Decemlr 5. 1933.itwa,J 36 of the M swiw -- . ...... number, w18 ei me iu --. amentoentbecanield Ident Kooseven rz. m i the amendment on 4,1 A few year, ago Pnva pinesandhepitchPf Japanese team to To titw ,-railed that the ip?u Ur would step to JJ graciously to the catJJ Ing to get . te ) Wry hopes to against the Japanes he's thinking In J jrenades-notbwebaCs Foresters of tce -.C rf! rlculturesaytber; species of trees r proved by fjj sedtbesmaDsf tare they ..; Black a"" i-r. asn,reu ..JohnHamO teemaa, - - ,Hh made at W- on the occ. licans celebrat One explanafc a u equivalent - |