OCR Text |
Show THE LEIII SUN. LEI 1 1. UTAH Si!-1 T M t itellt 11 Oh, rJ 1 tErJ w Si J n at,.ri KBk.i Sih : 'I puica citT. r hiuv i .Sill J full) iys lUtrl tbeJw tea llegJ Vi ipto twiH of J fart iom- iilf iMi!Mni!iuMiHniinii:Hi!:iniiiiniiiiiM;iiMMiiiiiiii!nni!ni!nnn:iiiiiiiinniiiniiiininniiH!HHnHHiHi!!MiM!MHM!!Mi!i!i!iiii(iti!iiMiiiiiMiiiiii i imi-i!!!!!!!!'!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Uncle Sam Prepares to Count His Children and How His Family Has Grown Since First Census in 1790! L ELMO SCOTT WATSON i ' Jh.weitern Newspaper union.) t il! W " . LhE coming of a new iTyearmeansabigjobfor II Uncle Sam. For 1940 is Icensusyear" and it means Cat once more he is faced K the task of counting all 's children. d how his family has C since he took the firs Lnsos of its members 150 F! aao! Then there were & 3,929,214 of them. This Sritis estimated that there ?e?.1 "... tVion 1S2.OOO.000. r lice row c I1U . -, : nan ae first census, taken in 1790, -J. nrtVlin VPflF vered only fP' r ... ... made within 8 Em the date of the inauguration t President Washington, and the fS United States. The en Orators took the name of the J, familv. together fccan (ii t ' togethe r th the total number of persons I the family,-classified as free t slave, we tuuui te first Monday in August, 1790, kd the law gave nine months t the completion of the work. Double this time elapsed, however, how-ever, before all the returns were j 'communication then was tow and uncertain. The Amer-fcans Amer-fcans of that day, particularly in e rural districts, regarded the census enumerators with some Kspicion, and there were those iho thought these agents of the federal government really aimed it getting information on which to base an increase of taxes. - The report of the first census Is scntained in an octavo volume of ( pages. Discolored and cramming cram-ming with age, this little book is lery rare. The census bureau fes two of the few copies in existence, ex-istence, and the Library of Confess Con-fess one. Adams' Prophecy. . ; Four years before the first cen-ms cen-ms was taken, John Adams, designed des-igned to become the second President Pres-ident of the United States, had t vision of the potentialities of America which led him to predict pre-dict tliat the population of the United States would some time xceed 20,000,000. At that time itch a prophecy seemed little fcore than a wild flight of the Pagination and was branded as r.terly ridiculous. 3 Writing from London, where he was minister to the Court of St. lames, he said, "It has ever been 7 hobby horse to see rising in America an empire of liberty, ri a prospect of 200,000,000 or 10,000,000 of freemen without one Joble or king among them." I It was John Tyler, tenth President Presi-dent of the United States, blessed 'Ji a similar vision, who made similar prophecy, though not so travagant as Adams' but at the fcme time doubtful of fulfillment, nd missed his guess by only a fc years and a relatively small amber of millions of population, to i letter addressed to Col. Sam-w Sam-w Gardiner of Shelter island, pose son married Tyler's filter, and dated from the ex-rresidenfs ex-rresidenfs country seat, Sher-d Sher-d Forest, Va., November 26, iiJH said ,,ln a uwe J re than half a century, a peo-twere peo-twere re"ded as little Mtet than a host of murderers Lr,Urners amon8 "vage attained Psition l -g the first civilized powers. Spirit of adventure -Jforeunequaled by anything v a. '"" uu me map hf nSd thCre is a gjjf most g S S0 Suapeo- -iominatel a station- t j. tad the, .ttainrf Tconrfiti u 0 Biauon-t.rdtopopu- Eeat I"?1.1 to attract NUhrtufention. reversp is fh Nve vZ: :l Penaoftwen- Popuatinn V navin8 no S Zl'QQW that U nUrc;ruiB ine chUd now in ) 2 i J? reach Dearly soffe, Passed the ajtf middle age, to 100,- t? 8 to clen?ara U PPar-' PPar-' terestir,1 childrer. r,p4e !:a "Sh Ty-1. Ty-1. he aS a bit too op- a ,638 ir UA cuntry ,tdoHH?.fr.?dictedthat "i an .1.. 7 135. as his predic- e in the next 25 MMaiiiiiiiiiiiiaEiacniii Miiiiiiiiiiiiiii DISTRIBUTION Z ' S I ofth. ' ' 'v- POPULATIOH OT THE TJ5IIED STATES ' 1 FIRST CENSUS, 1790 ""mP tion suggested, for Uncle Sam's children then numbered 76,129,-408, 76,129,-408, and it was not until 20 years later that it reached the mark of 105,710,620.' Even though the "doubling" process which he prophesied did not continue consistently, con-sistently, there did take place the amazing growth in the nation of 50,000,000 people in half a century, or an increase in population of 200 per cent. So Tyler's prophecy was not so extravagant as it must have seemed at the time. And when there is taken into consideration the steady increase during the 153 years since John Adams made s i ? 4-i V'' Miss Mildred Eeaton has one of the toughest assignments in taking the census. She "covers" the Arctic coast from Point Barrow Bar-row east to the Alaskan-Canadian line, the route over which she "mashes" to treat ailing natives as a field nurse for the Office of Indian Affairs. known his vision, even his estimate esti-mate does not now seem so fantastic. fan-tastic. The 1930 census gave a total of 122,775,046 people under the Stars and Stripes. On June 27, 1936, the population was estimated at 128,403,000, an increase of 5,627,-954 5,627,-954 in six years or nearly 938,000 a year. The census bureau's last preliminary estimate of the nation's na-tion's population, as of July 1, 1938, was 130,215,000, an increase of 1,812,000 in the two years since the estimate of 1936. That meant approximately 906,000 each year. 200,000,000 in 2000 A. D.? Even though the increase seems to be growing smaller, there is still a large enough gain each year to justify the prediction predic-tion that John Adams estimate of 200,000,000 may eventually be reached. On the basis of the increase in-crease since 1930, it will take nearly 70 years and we will probably prob-ably reach the year 20C0 A. D. before we reach a population of 200,000,000 in the U. S. A.! Officials of the census bureau regard the 1940 census as probably prob-ably the most important and far-reaching far-reaching since that first one 150 years ago. For this one will be much more than a mere counting of noses. As in past years, the census will cover population, occupations, oc-cupations, irrigation, drainage, manufactures, business, mines and quarries, vital statistics, cotton cot-ton production and consumption, and financial statistics of states and cities. In addition, the census takers will also assemble data never sought before and these data will bear upon the new social so-cial and economic situations which have arisen in the last few years, bringing with them problems prob-lems that are yet unsolved. For this census will also be concerned con-cerned with such questions as unemployment, un-employment, migrations from one state to another and additional addition-al vital statistics bearing on public pub-lic health and'facilities for treatment treat-ment of disease. Much of the health data may prove to have a decided bearing upon the vital problem of national defense. For instance, the census authorities hope to learn how many men would be incapacitated for military mili-tary service by disease. Problem of Migration. The problem of migration is one to which President Roosevelt submitted a report to congress, setting forth that population shifts from state to state were not of concern only to the one state into which the great influx had taken place (California being the outstanding out-standing example) but that they affected the whole nation. Migration Mi-gration from state to state is a new social movement in the United Unit-ed States directly traceable to unemployment. In addition to asking his children chil-dren the usual questions about age, sex, color, marital status, homes and education. Uncle Sam will also want to know about their present economic condition, their profession or occupation and whether they are employed or unemployed. un-employed. Each person will also be asked where he lived 10 years ago so that some measure of migration mi-gration may be obtained. The most significant data, however, how-ever, in the opinion of the census authorities, will be the figures indicating the trend of population growth, which has been steadily declining, and the distribution, according to age groups. A continuing con-tinuing decline in population will have a decided bearing on the future economic and social life of the nation. A smaller population foreshadows foreshad-ows a reduction in future markets at home and abroad. Fewer pupils pu-pils in the public schools will indicate in-dicate a lesser need for school-houses school-houses and other plant equipment and a greater surplus of teachers. teach-ers. An increase in the higher age groups will have important economic effects, in the form of a rribre persistent demand by the higher age groups for a redistribution redistri-bution of the profits of industry, such as the various old age pension pen-sion schemes that have caused so much disturbance in the last few years. That, combined with a decrease in the lower age groups will mean lower incomes for the younger Americans. The job of securing all this information in-formation will require the services serv-ices of approximately 150,000 persons, per-sons, of whom 8,000 will be employed em-ployed in Washington compiling the data gathered by the 142.000 enumerators in the field. The cost of this task is estimated at $20,-000,000. History tells us that the tus. census ever made was taken by Moses. "Take ye the sum of all the congregation of the children of Israel, after their families, by the house of their fathers, with the number of their names every male by their polls; from twenty years old and upward, all that are able to go forth to war in Israel" Thus spoke the Lord to Moses, and Moses, with Aaron's' assistance, assist-ance, collected the figures for the first census report, which may be found in practically every home and hotel room. It is appropriately appropri-ately entitled "Numbers," the fourth book of the Bible. By its breadth of scope the census cen-sus William of Normandy ordered for his new kingdom of England, resembles modern surveys. He commanded his people in 1085 A. D. to record every lord and peasant, peas-ant, every acre, every ox, every mill, every manor, every weir and every plow the value thereof there-of and this is forward looking the natural resources, woods, fields and streams capable of development de-velopment and revenue. The report re-port to William the Conqueror became be-came the Domesday Book, unreadable un-readable today except by scholars, schol-ars, yet protected in the public record office at London as one of the most precious possessions of England. Uncle Sam was one of the pioneers pio-neers in this business of counting his children scientifically. Sweden Swe-den took the lead before our first census in 1790, but England, France, and Prussia did not see the necessity of regular counting of noses until 10 or 20 years later. Russia took no census until 1897. The first American census, taken tak-en in 1790, was very limited in scope and was directed by the United States marshals. They were allowed 13 months for the job, and when the totals were added up our population was less than 4,000,000. That census related solely to population. The name of the head of the family was taken, together with the number of persons in each family, classified as free or slave. The whites, who were free, were classified as "free whites," as male or female, and the free whites males as over or under 16 years of age. That was about all there was to it. The marshals who supervised the 1790 count numbered only 17 and the enumerators 650. The cost was $44,000. The deeply religious settlers of America nearly upset our first census when they harked back to another less fortunate Bible cen- f 1 V Wis- . '1 Taking information from a census schedule by means of a card puncher. Facts are translated trans-lated into figures on this machine. ma-chine. sus. "Satan stood up against Israel," Is-rael," they pointed out to the marshals, mar-shals, "and provoked David to number Israel from Beersheba even to Dan." What happened? "God was displeased; therefore he smote Israel. The Lord sent pestilence upon Israel; and there fell of Israel 70,000 men." Fears that our first census would bring similar destruction upon the nation did not materialize, materi-alize, so the marshals delivered their reports to President Washington Wash-ington within nine months for all the original states, except Vermont, Ver-mont, Rhode Island and South Carolina. Vermont and Rhode Island Is-land entered the Union later. The marshal of South Carolina found workers scarce at $1 per 150 heads counted. With the exception of a comparatively compar-atively few, when the vast total is considered, the original records of every family enumerated in the 1790 and subsequent census are on file in the census bureau. The missing records have been lost or destroyed by accident. However, the file on John Hancock Han-cock has been preserved and his family was reported as being made up of "two white males over sixteen years of age, three white females and seven other free persons, not white." In the taking ol the 1860 census, cen-sus, each person was for the first time asked to give the value of his or her real and personal property. prop-erty. The records for Illinois show that Abraham Lincoln's family comprised Mr. Lincoln, his wife, his three sons and a boy, fourteen years old, named Philip Dinkell. Mr. Lincoln said he was worth $17,000 of which $5,000 was the value of his real estate, the remainder being personal property. proper-ty. In the same census James Buchanan listed his household as consisting of himself, his niece, Miss Harriet Lane, and 11 employees em-ployees and servants, all of the latter being of foreign birth. The system of indiirtual en--meration was adopted ti the census cen-sus of 1850, and at the same time a number of new classifications were added illiteracy, scNool attendance, at-tendance, occupation, place of birth, age. etc. ADVENTURERS' CLUB HEADLINES FROM THE LIVES OF PEOPLE LIKE YOURSELF! "Forest Death Trap V70U know, when you go hunting, you more or less expect 1 to meet up with adventures of a certain sort. You might reasonably expect to be treed by a bear, or hopped on by a wildcat, or maybe bogged down in a mess of quicksand or socked on the coco by a falling tree. You might expect almost al-most anything BUT the sort of mystifying experience that leu to the lot of George S. Quartin of Brooklyn, N. Y., on a hunting trip near Kingston, N. Y., in the middle of January, 1929. The best adventures are like that. It isn't what you expect, but what you DON'T expect, that gives you the big thrill you remember all down through the years. George Quartin and his friend Martin Ross went hunting. They might have expected to run across bears, wildcats, quicksand or falling trees, but here's what actually did happen. They started out from the little village of Accord, N. Y. started out into the woods, and along about evening, after trying for two or three hours to find their way back, decided that they must be lost. That's something else a hunter might easily expect, and certainly it did happen. But they don't count that as an adventure. It was only the beginning of a train of circumstances that led to a strange, terrifying night when everything was against them and nothing seemed to make sense. Night had come on, and still they were walking in circles trying to find their way out of the woods. They were looking for a place to sleep when Martin Ross saw a light in the distance. Hunters Discover Weathcrbeaten House. ' It seemed to be a flare of tome sort The two men started walking toward It. The Bare died out before they had gone two steps, but moving In its direction, they came to an old, weather-beaten weather-beaten frame bouse standing- In the middle of a clearing. There was no light in the house, but they approached and knocked on the door. There was no answer, but George tried the latch and the door opened. They went Inside into a big. empty room. There was a fireplace in the corner, and some wood beside It, They started to build a fire, but they never got it lighted. From that moment on, PHOTOGRAPHY rnOTOS EXI AROEB SOc. 8x10 postpaid. Yotir photo or film rturnd. 2 for SI 00. HAMMOND STIUIOS, 8prlnfBld, Cl. Crocheted Medallion For Heirloom Clotlr Tattem 1959 j Lovely is as lovely does andi goodness knows this crocheted medallion does things for any; room, even though it's the very, A B C of crochet. Try it and seel Fattern 1959 contains directions for making medallion; illustrations illustra-tions of it and of stitches; materials mate-rials required; photograph of me-' dailion. Send 15 cents In coins for this pattern to The Sewing Circle, Nee-dlecraft Nee-dlecraft Dept., 82 Eighth Ave., New York, N. Y. Please write your name, address ad-dress and pattern number plainly.' Terrified now, the two lads picked up their rifles and began shooting at the door. events crowded on the heels of events so rapidly that they had no time to think of anything else. First came a crash outside. It sounded near the door. George and Martin ran to it and found it locked. Someone had fastened it from the outside! Then It was they noticed that the big, dim room had no win-' win-' dowa. What kind of a house was that? They noticed, too, that the door was a beavy one, made of solid oak two or three times as thick and strong aa any mere dwelling door bad any business to be. There was something-mighty strange about that win-dowless win-dowless dwelling. A disquieting fear crept Into the hearts of both f them. What sort of place bad they stumbled Into? Peculiar Odor Permeates the Building. , Shouting brought them no answer. Then they began to hear voices outside. Whoever it was out there was Ignoring their cries. They heard sounds of a heavy object being drawn somewhere. A peculiar odor, faint at first, began to permeate the whole building. The two lads lay down in a corner, but not to sleep. They lay huddled together, trapped like rats, wondering what their mysterious captors would finally do with them. They lay there silent while the hours went by. Then, suddenly sud-denly they were aroused by the sound of an explosion and the thnd-thud of running feet. The smell of smoke began to fill the room and In another few minutes the room was thick with the smoke Itself. Black, acrid, choking smoke 1 It billowed up from somewhere below be-low them filled their lungs and set them to coughing. Terrified now, the two lads picked up their rifles and began shooting at the door. But the door was too thick to yield even to rifle bullets, and If the men out side heard the shots they gave no sign of it. The room was getting hot Now they could hear flames crackling beneath them. The smoke was so thick that they could hardly breathe. They were running around in panic, aimlessly dashing from one side of that strange room to another. Flame was creeping through the cracks In the floorboards licking the sides of the wall with its myriad red tongues. Time was passing, but they weren't conscious of It All they knew was the terrible fear of being burned alive in the mysterious trap they bad fallen into. Seek a Place to Escape Intense Heat. Then they were beginning to drop from exhaustion and lack of air. First George, then Martin. Tbey were on their knees, groping for a spot where the intense beat would not sear their skin when they beard a hammering oo the door. They were too weak then to care much what was happening. Through a dace tbey watched the door splinter and fail to piece. They saw It broken down, felt a merciful breath of fresh air roll In through the smoke saw dim, fofgy figure come dashing In through the doorway. Then hands were lifting them dragging them out Into the gray dawn of a January morning, and George .saw that be was In the arms of a state trooper and being lifted into the front seat of a squad car. In another moment, Martin was in the car with hirn, and they were rolling along a backwoods road toward Kingston still wondering at the meaning of the terrifying ordeal they bad been put through. The whole answer didn't come until other troopers brought in two men they had captured In the neighborhood of the house of mystery. The truth was that Martin and George had stumbled on a backwoods moonshine plant The moonshiners, taking them for revenue agents, bad locked them in. and left them to die when, a few hours later, their still exploded ex-ploded and set the house afire. But someone who saw the blaze phoned the troopers. Otherwise two lads who had gone a hunting might have ended their day of sport In a night of tragedy. (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) molleg Theirs but to Do Two F.ngliih boy who tear pah Joined tht army together and, like so many othrt, wera finding it difficult to undrritand what Via drill instructor barked at them. When tht inntrwtor gave an txtra-in-volved ornrr, Alf whiinered: m,Kr, Uill, what did $ayT' "Ain't got the least iilea," replied Dill, "but k 'l got to do it." Right Bait "You must have used a lot of patience to catch so many fish." "No worms." A millionaire says It's easy to, get rich if you spend less than you make. I'd rather make more than I spend. Greater Field "l hear your ton it to b tfVntut. You laid recently that h wot to be an ear tneeiulist." "Yet, ha wanted to be, but I persuaded persuad-ed him that a man hat 32 teeth and only 2 ears." Same Method "I caught my husband flirting." ; "That's how I got mine, too." As He Saw It "How does my dress look?" "It looks to me like three weeks' wages." LOSTYOURPEP? Hr Is Amazlaff Rallsf of Conditions Duo to Sluggish Bowels u no. Ukhousju, iWressiiini, tavtoraUo. U is7,a.Tr?rua,-.' bo pemUMe relic frota aick beadachr. Ulm aneil tired fedinc wbea aaaocimud with cotutfptUao. Withmrr Pick 2Sc " N "om ro niUlOUl lUill druuirt. Mk tht tat tbrm If aot delighted, rettua tha box to tm. W will reload th pnrcBus prlc. That1 MNRTahW, Sugar-Coating the At one time pills were impaled one by one on a needle and dipped into gelatin solution, then the pinhole pin-hole was carefully sealed. Today, by an interesting arrangement of suction bars, hundreds of pills art hemispherically coated at one dip and then transferred to a second similar bar, where the coating is completed. The mixing equipment for a pall batch is like the dough mixer of the bakery. The revolving ketUes for sugar or chocolate coating coat-ing came from the candy maker, but the machines that transform the Pill Is Special Job doughy mass first into "pipes" of carefully controlled diameter and finally reduce them Into slugs that rolled between eccentrically moving mov-ing belts, produce the pills, are inventions in-ventions of the pharmaceutical industry. in-dustry. Automatic machines evolved for the purpose stamp out compressed tablets at extremely high speeds, and the utility of these machines is such that they have been introduced into many other industries. in-dustries. A specific example is the stamping of tablets of molding powders pow-ders for use in the plastics industry. WNU W 5239 Salt Lake's NEWEST HOTEL paSKH5ry Hotel TEMPLE SQUARE Gppesito Mormon Tempi HIGHLY BECGICIEXDH) Rates $150 to S3.C0 It's a mark of distinction to stop st this besuti.ul hosrelry ERNEST C EOSSITEK, Mia. |