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Show THE LEHI SUN, LEHI, UTAH . - , w IBi Howe About: rand in Pine Shingles Not So Crazy Classical Educations EGG YOLK SHADOW e. lilt. Bell ByndJoato. WNU Borrfct. SHOWS NO COLOR . i ffie B randinqlron Posses By ED HOWE -v -yL hM A group of brands which Illustrate ths multiplicity multi-plicity of symbols used on ths cattle ranges of the West They are the following: 1, Bible or book; 2, church; 3, cross; 4, Maltese cross; 5, Swastika; 6, square and compass; 7, I. 0. 0. F. emblem; 8, question; 0, dollar mark; 10, etc.; 11, house; 12, rocking chair; 13, jug; 14, pitcher; 15, boot; 16, dumb-bells; 17, door ksy; 18, frying pan; 19, crutch; 20, wineglass; 21, kite; 22, hat; 23, necktie; 24, bell; 25, dagger; 26, horseshoe; 27, bow and arrow; 28, anchor; 29, flower pot; 30, umbrella; 31, tree; 32, hog eye; 33, plgpsn; 34, barbecue; 35, kite; 36, fishhook; 37, fish; 38, snake; 39, turtle; 40, rabbit; 41, rising tun; 42, moon; 43, star; 44, two hearts; 49, liver; 46, goose egg; 47, pitchfork; 48, rake; 49, steplad-der; steplad-der; 50, currycomb; 51, bridle bit; 62, spur; 53, paddle; 54, anvil; 55, plow; 56, tomahawk; 57, hayhook; 58, ace of clubs; 59, four sixes; 60, ten of diamonds; 61, ace of diamonds; 62, diamond deuce; 63, diamond trey; 64, diamond Ave; 65, I owe you; 66, seven up; 67, lazy T; 68, tumbling tum-bling T; 69, flying V; 70, rocking H; 71, twinging H; 72, mashed O; 73, bar X L; 74, H rake four. By ELMO SCOTT WATSON rNOTHER Institution of the old West rl seems to be on Its way into oblivion. I At least that la the logical Interprets Interpre-ts I tatfon of a recent news dispatch from Texas which said; "A few years more and there will be no plaintive bawling at a sizzling red-hot red-hot Iron la pressed against a young steer's hide. Instead, there will be a cold Iron, dipped into a chemical and applied to the yearling. A few days after this application the chemical, without pain to the animal, will have eaten away the hair, turned the red skin to white and produced permanently the owner's mark. This new method, introduced by a doctor in Amarlllo, Texas, has been tried successfully." If this method proves successful and la gen erally adopted, It will not only mark the passing of an instrument which, along with the rifle, the axe, and the prairie plow were symbols of varl ous phases in American pioneer life, but it will also satisfy the main objections to a custom which was very necessary to the development of the cattle industry to the proportions which it attained during the three decades after the Civil war. One of those objections was an economic one the fact that the deep burn Inflicted by the branding iron damaged the hide of the Bteer and decreased the value of this by-product of the cattle business. This objection was largely done away wltb when it was learned that all Eastern buyers classed all Western bides at branded stuff, even If they were not, and made a certain reduction In their value. So the new branding method may lead to a revaluation of hides from Western cattle, tlnce the chemical will not dam age the hide as the red hot Iron did. The necessity for cattle branding in he United States goes back to the daya of free grass and open range when the brand was an absolute necessity in order that owners might identify their property in the annual round-ups. With the coming of fenced range this necessity was largely obviated, but the brand still served to place guilt upon cattle thieves and made tt pos sible to stamp out cattle rustling. Then followed a period when cattle branding fell somewhat into disuse. But recent years bave seen a revival of cattle rustling and the "motorized cattle thief,' who nses a truck In which to carry away three to ten prime beef st eers, began cutting Into the Western stockman's meager profits. Only a short time ago the board of brand Inspectors of one Western state declared that a return to the branding of live stock was the only solution of the newor rather the revived menace to their business. Indications are that similar action will be taken In other states and If the Texas doctor's doc-tor's method of marking with chemicals proves feasible the ranges and shipping pent of the West may be filled once more with branded cattle cat-tle branded by a modern scientific method and branded because modern mechanical methods of rustling bave made it necessary. In the early days of the cattle Industry, branding brand-ing was haphazard. There was much duplication of brands and consequently frequent quarrels ver ownership. Texas, the fountalnhead of the cattle Industry, Indus-try, waa the first state to regulate branding and other states soon followed suit until most of them have Terr definite branding laws. These differ In tome respects but the underlying principles prin-ciples are the same, the main one being required registration of brands, Some allow a certain brand to a rancher and he may put It on any rlace on the anlmaL Others permit different men to bave the same brand, but the different "Hot Iron!" owners must place it on their stock In distinctive positions. According to the laws of North Dakota, each brand was good for ten positions. They were the Jaw, neck, shoulder, ribs and hip five positions posi-tions on each side of the animal It wan not uncommon for a North Dakota stockman to buy all positions so that he could brand bis stock as be pleased. Otherwise, nine other men could use the same brand in other positions, thus causing endless confusion. The number and variety of brands In the cat tle country is almost Inconceivable. For In stance, a total of more than 8,500 brands have been recorded In Montana since 1878 and It Is said that 6,000 were In active use within recent years. Records of the Texas Cattle Raisers' asso ciation showed more than 8,000 registered brands in use In that state a few years ago and In Colo rado there were more than 4,200. But despite this multiplicity of markings the old-time cattleman and the brand inspectors stationed sta-tioned at the stockyards In the leading cattle markets could read the various brands and In terpret them as easily as a stenographer can read and interpret, the pothooks and other symbols sym-bols In the shorthand system. More than that, they spoke a language, a phonetic tongue, albeit, which was all but unintelligible to the uninitiated. uniniti-ated. Philip Ashton Rollins In his classic of western life, "The Cowboy," writes of this as follows: He would know that 4-23 meant Four Bar Twenty-eight since a hyphen always was called a 'bar' ; that, because a capital letter of size was commonly termed 'big,' the brand 'A2' was trans latable Into Big A Two ; that because a letter or figure lying on its side was termed lazy,' a prone letter 'm' underscored was the Lazy M Bar. This person would know also that, because a ring was dubbed a 'circle,' a letter 'g enclosed within a ring was the Circle O; that because a circle's arc was, according to Its length, designated as a 'quarter,' "half or 'three-quarter circle, a scant bit of curve followed by a letter V was the Quarter Circle R, and that, because anything looking like a diamond or even Its cousin was called 'diamond,' a figure '5 wlthtn a lozenge shonld be interpreted as Diamond Five. This person would know also that any parallelogram, regardless of the ration between its length and height, was a "block' or 'box or a 'square, which ever Its owner cared to term It ; that the faintest resemblance to a pair of wings gave the prefix flying' so that the numeral 9' between two mis shapen bulges was the Flying Nine, and that other designs were attempted pictures and should be entitled Broken Pipe, Sombrero, Spur, Bit, Elk Horn. Two Star. Wheel and whatever. Finally this person would know that still further fur-ther designs had arbitrary, slangy designations such as wallop (a wide letter U atop another letter U equally wide but Inverted); Vhang doodle' (a group of Interlocking wings with no flying' central design), and 'hog pen (two par allel lines crossing two otner parallel lines at a right angle)." In the record of brands every letter of the alphabet ts represented, and most letters are found In three or four positions. An exception is "O." which has but one shape in any position, and therefore can be nsed only once. True there ts ths "O" flattened at the- sides, but It la called a mashed O, a link or goose egg. "N" Is another letter that it not tusceptible of many positions, for horizontally It Is "2V T Is another letter with a limited use. It Is seldom seen except In combination with other characters, and Is usually called a bar. "C and "K" are examples of letters that are used In four positions. For example, an ordinary "K" makes one position. Turn tt to an angle of 45 degrees and yon have the Tumbling K, on Its back horizontally the Lazy K and reversed fourth position. There are lazy and tumbling brands In all letters except "O" and "L" After the letters of the alphabet and the vari ation! thereon were all taken op It became accessary acc-essary to devise Individual and unique brands. So every conceivable device made Its appearance, ranging from Bible references through poker hands to farm Implements, household utensils and lodge Insignia. In the Colorado brand book may be found skull and cross bones, a rake, shovel, shoe, boot. cup, coffee-pot, glasses, flag, keys, apple, star. moon, ladder, tree, anchor, pitchfork, glove, muleshoe, rocking chair, hatchet, axe, spear, rolling roll-ing pin, gate, spectacles, pipe, fish, gun, compass, umbrella, bands and dozens of other queer characters char-acters for which It it difficult to find an ade-ouatelv ade-ouatelv descriptive name. In the illustrations at the bead of this article Is Included a chart of 74 ut-of-the-ordlnary brands. So Important was the branding Iron to the cattle Industry that a few years ago the state whose prosperity was built upon the cattle baal- Q, A.Maverick ness hit upon the unique Idea of "branding" a new half-mllllon-dollar classroom building at Its state university with the symbols of Its greatest industry. Accordingly Garrison hall at the Uni versity of Texas now bears on its walls 32 cat tle brands which helped make Texas history. As a preliminary to this Idea, B. W. Winkler, uni versity librarian, examined more than 20,000 cat tle brands which were used at one time or another an-other In that state and from this number selected the 32 which were to be engraved on the white stone walls of the new classroom building as representative of some step In the progress of Texas history. There is a good story connected with everv one oi mem out outstanding among them are the "Austin Spanish" brand of Stephen F. Aus tin, "the Father of Texas"; the Four Sixes of a. B. Burnett which resulted from his winning a large ranch In a poker game In which he held four of a kind"; the D brand of A. H. (Shanir- hal) Pierce, , who drove cattle from Matagora county on the gulf and whose steers were known from the Rio Grande to the Canadian line as "Shanghai Pierce's sea lions"; the XIT brand. generally known as "Ten In Texas," of the Capl- toi mna syndicate wnose holdings covered ten counties and included three million acres, eiven in payment ior me state capltol building at Aus tin, the Lazy 5 or c. C Slaughter which adorned more than 12,000 cattle a year In the trail-driving period aner we v;ivu war; the JA brand of Charles Goodnight, owner of the famous Good night ranch, home of the Goodnight herd of buf falo, and experimenter in crossing cattle and buffalo to produce the "catalo" and last but not least the MK brand of S. A. Maverick, the cattleman cattle-man who paradoxically became famous not because be-cause of a brand but because of lack of one and whose name became a common noun In the American Amer-ican language. For "maverick" Is a word found In all dictionaries, defined by the eminent Dlc- tlonalre Webster as "an unbranded animal, esp. a motherless calf, formerly customarily claimed by the nrst one randing it," and "maverlckta' ts a recognized legal term for Illegal appropria tlon of unbranded cattle. Samuel A. Maverick, a graduate of Tale college col-lege In the class of 1825, was one of tha f. dert of Texas Independence and a member of ne congress oi me Kepubllc of Texas In 1845. The exact details of how his name came to be . ,v.. - vumujuu nesiern word are eomewuai aispuiea. une account states that a neighbor who owed Maverick a debt of 400 paid It off by giving him 1.200 head of lonehc t. tie, whereupon Maverick turned them over to a family of negro slaves with the understanding iney nave ui natural increase or the herd. "" ut-Kiwa were a shirtless set and allowed the cattle that thus came to them to roam at wui in uie long grass alone Matazorda h.. In a few years there were hundreds of ew unbranded cattle and people often asked "Whose cattle are theser to which the usual reply was. -They're Maverick's." As time went on the term mavericks" came to be applied to all nnbran cattle they were not Samuet A. Maverick's cat- tie, tney were just mavericks, nobody's cattle. SEVERAL years ago I had occasion occa-sion to put a new roof on a house, and was talked Into buying one ' of the best of the patent shingles now being offered by enterprising en-terprising agents as better than old- fashioned pine. I bave had con stant trouble with the roof ever since. The man who sold me the patent roofing after trying several times to make It satisfactory, finally admitted the best roofing material for the ordinary cottage Is the old-fashioned old-fashioned pine shingle of first grade. Any new idea Is a risk until It has been practically tried out at least a hundred years. I will remember that this summer when tearing off the patent roof to replace It with old-fashioned pine. Thus I learn; thus everyone learns. In a certain town there Is a man everybody says Is crazy. Lately be wrote a letter for the Public Mind column of the local paper, and the editor printed it exactly as writ ten, as a "Joke." The man can't spell, but expresses more clear common com-mon sense about public affairs than I have known a citizen to write In years. He opposes the present mania for Inflation ; for government help for everybody; says the only remedy la economy, Industry, better behavior, and . less politics, and agrees with Europeans generally that Americans seem determined to commit suicide. A man knowing that much isn't crazy. Americans not educated them selves have a tremendous notion of the benefits to be derived from a classical education. I met a farm er recently who had lost his farm because of sending three sons to col lege. The rather believed that a classical education would specially arm and equip his children for their battle with life, but he told me that, after graduation, his sons returned home, 'and he could not see they had been benefited. Employers even had a prejudice against them, and many Ignorant foreigners were be ing given employment when his sons could not get It In the exchange of every dollar there Is an element of dishonesty on one side or the other; In every legal transaction as much dishonesty dis-honesty as the traffic will bear. The law itself leans toward dishonesty, as a tribute to human necessities. A man may keep well within the law and still exercise considerable of his natural roguish disposition. What is all this human bargain ing about? In every case a man or woman declaring to another he Is asking too much. It Is the first Job of all of us to become caDable traders; If we are not, we are robbed. ; Why do we have locks on all our doors? Why are taxi drivers, street car conductors, clerks, com pelled to ring a bell when they take in a cash fare? Why are county treasurers, all classes of officials. bonded? It Is acknowledgment of the universal belief In dishonesty, just recently twenty of the world's most prominent business men were Investigated by congress. The first one called to the witness stand said: "We keep well within the law." visit an Indian camp and the bucks will all say: 'Tm a good In dian.1 We all know we are under sus picion and what Is expected of us to keep well within the law to be good Indians. Every man bandies the women a little differently. I have a neieh bor who has walked out on three wives ("quit them cold"), as the neighbors say. Still another man I know well has been thirty-four years getting rid of one, and lsn'i entirely out of the woods yet In meeting the emergencies of life and, with men, women occudv first place In creating them I have come to believe the most hnnn. able way Is pretty generally the easiest way. For instance: The husband hus-band who has walked out on three wives badly crippled himself three times, whereas the other man, who displayed more fairness. Is still going go-ing fairly good. After you become old (as I am) you will find one of your heaviest burdens Is being regulated too much. ... I do not object to proper prop-er regulations, but I am regulated dally and hourly when I have not offended, and regulation Is not necessary. nec-essary. I try to meet the natural duties of life with patience, but am heavily burdened by regulators self-appointed, and who should. In any fair consideration of fairness -" mmuiuu sense, let m. Surrey of Homes Indicates Little Preference. The best way to learn the color of an egg yolk Is to break the egg, says Prof. H. E. Botsford of the New York State College of Agricul ture In discussing the frequent reports re-ports from markets that shippec's eggs had "dark yolks." The re port means, he says, that the dealer sees a dark shadow and not a dark yolk when he candles the eggs, for candling shows lights and shadows and the thickness of the white determines de-termines the darkness of the shadow. A survey of 11,443 homes by the University of Illinois shows that nearly 22 per cent of the con sumers have no preference as to color of the yolk, 32 per cent prefer pre-fer pale yolks, 81 per cent cent prefer pre-fer orange yolks and 14 per cent prefer the medium colored yolk. The price preference for light yolks, he points out is because of a dealer prejudice rather than a consumer's prejudice against the dark yolk. The prejudice Is not one of actual yolk color, as -many believe, but of low quality which makes the yolk appear ap-pear as a dark shadow when candled, can-dled, and because dark yolks and low quality are often found In the same egg. Egg buyers who want the finest quality look for a "strong-bodied" egg ; a strong-bodied egg shows a light yolk shadow, regardless of the actual yolk color. If the white Is thick, any yolk appears light when the egg Is candled. Fresh Air and Sunlight Improves Poultry Shed The best way to clean and disin fect a poultry building, says a poultry poul-try man In the Montreal Herald, ts first of all to open up the windows and doors and allow the air and sunlight to get into the place as much as possible. Take out all the movable furniture and leave it In the sunlight Clean out all the litter on the floor and with a broom sweep the walls floor and celling clean. If the floor Is earth remove from six to eight inches off the top and replace it with fresh gravel The walls and ceiling should then be washed with a solution of water wa-ter In which you have put lye, or some strong disinfectant such as creosote, or creolln. When the walls have dried whitewash the place completely Inside, using crude carbolic acid In the wash. If you would put this whitewash on with a spray pump so much the better, If the floor is cement It should be thoroughly washed, until no trace of droppings or litter remains. Make sure you get lots of sunlight and fresh air into the building. If there are not sufficient windows In the place see that new windows are provided. Keep Eggs From Spoiling To prevent spoiling, eggs should be kept In storage where the tern perature does not go below 29 degrees de-grees or above 60. These are the freezing and germination points. For average farm conditions the storage temperature should range somewhere between 35 and 55 degrees. de-grees. In storing eggs be sure that the cooling room is fairly moist but not wet and also that the room ts free from odors. POULTRY GLEANINGS more Another account says that during the dm war nearly all of Colonel Maverick's employees Qul?t,7 Pursue my natural tasks. eniereu w vxnueaeraie army, so that his cattle cat-tle ran wild and remained unbranded. So they were "Maverick's cattle" until some one else clapped his brand on them to make them his own ana graauauy au stray cattle became "ma. ericks." Whatever the true story may have been, the fact remains that among all cattlemen who might be famous because thousands of cattle bore their brands, the most enduring fame came to one whose cattle went unbranded. i 7 Wwtan Rmptp UsiM.) In our attempts to acquire learn-tag. learn-tag. we have unhappily learned much we must unlearn. No pope, professor, poet statesman, states-man, patriot ever left a simple guide to direct simple people, although these are the guides we simple people peo-ple are urged to follow. Most of the best quality eggs are bought by concerns that use only a lew cases. Lack of lime in the ration Is the usually ascribed cause of .soft shelled eggs. The first babv Canadian ceese to be hatched In captivity have ap- pearea in tne federal game reserve on tne Klamath river, Oregon. To prevent Intestinal worms In au ages of turkeys, add two pounds or tobacco dust containing 2 per cent of nicotine, to each 100 pounds or mash. One egz in SeDtember. October. November, and December Is usually worth two In April or May. The profitable eggs are laid by early hatched pullets. fegg-sny habits growing among tne Parisians are worrying chicken iarmers In NormandT and Brlttanv Statistics show that 20 per cent less eggs are consumed than In 1913. Any change In the ration should be made gradually, rather than" abruptly, ab-ruptly, for the reason that marked cnangea suddenly made are likely cause a drop In egg production wmch may be followed by a molt Two factors, pigmentation and molt shonld be given most attention atten-tion In summer culling of the laying lay-ing flock, according to a bnllptln. "Cnlling Poultry," available for free dis'ributlon by county agricultural I 1 T.m ....... . Whil. othec piW'I.SI'H fa UK. A . ramuniiij HOME THISWEEK'SPRIZEsJ Lfi help our PmldtM nUm J Prity bjr bujini iBttrwwT? Goodh Ufi keep Nr . k Uo br .pending it fw dependable and bn Qnlfy the Intermonntaia Ihdt, Cm ad mm. left poll tocttkrl ltf,,1 boosteri for Intenaoanttit hk ARTHUB H. BOTH jj 'WW..!! 59 "Police Dog" May Be Any W The term "police dog" Jos designate breed, but oh ta : trary a form of special r.; and consequently may be mi to any breed of dog used in ptJ work. ' 1 Earn while you learn Barbtrii? ', A Permanent Business with t Big Income. ! Motor's Barber Coflefi US Regent SU, 8lt Lilt Ci&, t-i t-i We meet roar itate Rtpratik- ) Earth a Huge Magnet The earth is a huge mrf Hence it will draw to its pole a electrified particles pouring it from without ASK Y0UB DBUGGI3.ro. APES oa! AN INTEKMOUKTAIH BOWf! Animals Suffer From CaiKr Cancer has been found r sively among members animal kingdom as cattle, dogs, cats, birds, fish, and reptiles. J Utah High School of BsaatyCe Tt! Itartr Cattcrs fnta l"B"1 To- can now fcam . g make yoa independent conrie of u month. 1"" 1 for our catalogue. lUiliiW NAME " J ADDRESS , - Redwood Trees on Hawaii Of 10,000 redwood wj-j on the lsiana oi a"-;z.d ten years, 97.9 per cent hT ived. ice in - . In far northern SfJ does not break up a until June. FOR THE BUILW MJMBMI l MOULDINGS -XT. HP - VA1VES V I in Ketchum yJk The largest ?iV the bird spider, which "g j two inches long "d'Jf sometimes seven to, It is found w. J ', catches small bira; aV aE TOT nWWt 7 PJ.W rtiliV"VS dU mm taamZH tomoemtam fVcW- bo, ism. Vonfil in check h 1 Apes and monkeys tnr Mveral months f allowed to.Bung". - other simian f't ,t;0n has been.1" ,v, tf OI luoercui"- mammals. Blind Me. Many blind becoming profeOB H 5 iruia. |