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Show tfTittliT,fff---JT'-t-ir iftrrr-rr '-i-miM' HIE LEHI SUN. LEIII, UTAn ! t i If ifM IH tfe 9ta i?ch m A y I - I . t nil ft A - l-mmlmrvmm- l I III ' I I t I . X&''3'A 3aalt , -'VA ' ; -1 HJ H 4 HI , II 4 V- r-rV; pi ft y 1 If! Ill : ''.-' 4 V v "f,w"v"""f r" i 1 1 TTrrr ITnr "r riniYnrrmm " in1 rmr ---ininrrinmnni i n inniri nwwwiimiiiiin iim nn ';'-4'm';;:, thluncoln memorial -l r UfmM I WASHINGTON AOUEDUCT- itfc"' I which was a svstem supplying 4,000,000 ealloni . , . I 5; ' ' .".-i 3 4 r joffflALS CULEBRA CUT IN THE PANAMA CANAL THE. UNCOLN VILSON DAM By ELMO SCOTT WATSON ROM the earliest days of the Repub lic, In speaking of some great construction con-struction project, to say that "the army engineers built It' has been equivalent to saying that here was a piece of work accomplished with the utmost In efficiency, economy and honesty. Therefore, during the administration, when it was pro- I posed to transfer river and harbor Improvement projects from the corps of engineers In the War de- nt to a division of public works In an-fsecutlve an-fsecutlve department, there was an Im- protest from those who had the best ; to know how valuable were the services army engineers in this work and what Jlt of such a transfer might be upon factors of efficiency, economy and I . . tony Americans "rivers and harbors work" famous with "pork barrel legislation" tress. What they do not realize Is that f masi 1 Quarter of a century the corps f"" m tne united States army has b "..vii una neyi rivers ana Projects from hetmr in0f t s . , o i"un - PtenrfnoerB An .i . . . - . u nvers uua namors runc-1 runc-1 sort of suDreme rnni in nnt.. mbmltted to them by congress. From 74' 0 mTch 31- 1928. this board of 8 nas reported nn 9 577 WDly 805 KVTta were favorable I ared t0 W72 that were unfavorable. 86 anny engineers turned ' m AArery three Priects submlt- ?. h 8 degree of whence which fXMn 18 ShWn by th fact tnat hL L years ,n less than half a ChiX00653 antDrid the proj-5i proj-5i L 6 bard 0t enneCTS Elvers 17 PreSented an a(lTe"e report fcuJL. Why tte corP o' enKi- m ! ,n. ine estimation of both and t the ffl e puDUC ues In the enbZnand tbe honesty the J mb, J711become Proverbial Millions 4L0fnn5 lm f publIc mey have Cth f,eVheir dlrectIon thout the tiCT fr 8nother reason of en-in. 6 close association of Sty-Bon ?01111 here the mot- i tf racter 18 founded and taj- Honor-the barrier, In- Tities. pi, , 8ets the bounds 8 ; jhSlunrtllat at, god- tod for rr wrce their lives are "il flrel1lnt W3S f0Dnded ln J k. have 1 beSinnl8 " has e,W of Sf Wh0 fca' been 5i?2S!iM grown P ,1 plicate ,n?rlt da con that WbL ,n toe world. il Inthe h a(ne of tte most tte S. thonsan(J f men LJ of eiTl!Mps 01 engineers dur- visible barrier of -S.of com. tn ... urren: r.nv.1;:.-i'iilPP'ng ex NSS aSe" mT' 8iege l vecineerin.. ,n1 decorative I -anlcalandelec Call Hwang Ho 'China's Sorrow' Extraordinary River Has tost Millions of Lives, Millions in Wealth. Prmirl b N&tlonal fl rrfknhlft MaiI a. Washington, D. 0.-WNU Barrtc. WUIIJJ Japanese military forces have advanced westward west-ward ln JehoL brinelnsr thu upper Hwang Ho or Fellow Hrr of China oloser to International complications, life on the tortuous cream nas gone on ln Its own Inimitable In-imitable way. The Hwang Ho Is one of the most extraordinary rivers of the world. Its disastrous flooding has cost th Chinese millions of lives and mil lions of wealth through the destnic Hon of homes and farm lands, and because of this It has earned such titles as "China's Sorrow the "Un governable," and the "Scourge of the Sons of Han." At times It has changed Its course over as much as 250 miles In a single flooding season. sea-son. Today It empties Into the Tel-low Tel-low sea north of the Shantung peninsula, but befor 1852 It debauched Its loess-laden through a channel south of that peninsula. It is the second largest river ln China, yet ln all its course, from Its headwaters, high up ln the Kunlun range. In Tibet, all along Its 2,500,. mile path to the sea, It Is not navl- gable for steamships or other deep- aran crart. Its course Is alternately alternate-ly either too swift and broken by turbulent rapids or widens and be comes too shallow and filled with sand bars to allow the use of large boats. But over some 709, miles of Its course, as It winds through Kansu province and along the edge of Inner Mongolia, from Slnlng to Paotow, Pile an Interesting raft traffic that has been carried on for centuries. Chinese literature confirms the fact that here the earlier Sons of Han 2,000 years ago were using sheepskin sheep-skin and oxhide rafts Identical with those which one finds ln use today. There are two types of rafts, one using as buoys Inflated sheepskins and the other large oxhides which are stuffed with wool and then tied up to keep them water-tight The sheepskin rafts vary In size, according ac-cording to the use for which they are intended, ranging from as few as 12 or 15 skins on the small one- man rafts to as many as 500 ln the large freight rafts. For the large oxhide rafts some 120 hides are used. .: . Before being used, the raw ox hides are treated on the Inside with salt and oil to preserve and water proof them as well as keep them flexible. Raw hides cost about $10 localities ln the Hwang no valley, such as those around Lanchow and NtngBla. Thesa are Intensely ctiltl vated oases that have been kept productive pro-ductive through Irrigation, and ln their districts rafts carry on con siderable local transport of vegetables, vege-tables, dates, watermelons, and grain to the city markers. The long-distance freighting on the large rafts, however, Is largely devoted de-voted to transport of quantities of wool, skins, hides, and other produce pro-duce of the Tibetan region down to the caravan center and railhead village vil-lage of Paotow, whence these ar tides of commerce can be sent by rail to Tientsin and ultimately find distribution to world markets. The majority of the large cargo rafts start from Slnlng, some distance dis-tance upstream on the Slnlng Ho, a tributary of the Hwang Ho; but to these are also added other cargo which leaves from the Important caravan center of Lanchow, that lies on the historic "old Silk road" between China, Turkestan, and the West Hard Work Up Stream. The rafts can be managed with comparative ease as they float downstream, down-stream, but their great resistance and their clumsiness make It practically prac-tically Impossible for them to be poled upstream, even ln quiet water. wa-ter. They are taken apart at the end of the voyage and the skins are carried back overland to the place of departure. In the springtime, as soon as the Ice has been cleared from the river, which Is frozen from the end of November No-vember to the beginning of March, the rafts are assembled. Oxhide buoys stuffed with wool Sally Sez Wt don't know what tm da and t Each hour and moment nf thm Am. W falter u ii alone. not in ana thlnr we ean't g wron. LET'S PATSOMZE HOME INDUSTRY 3 Leap year comes every four years with the exception that of the centesimal cen-tesimal years only those that are exactly divisible by 4no are leao years. no doubt originated through the Utah High StilOO! Of Bsailty CuituT8 washington monument under construction in 1867 trlcal engineering ; power plants ; field engineering; engineer-ing; seacoast defenses and shipping; marine design de-sign and operation of boat lines and waterways. It would be Impossible within the space of this article to list all of the projects which stand as enduring monuments to the engineer corps of the army, but here aw some of their outstanding out-standing achievements: The Panama canal At first It was under the control of civilian engineers but the men who conquered difficulties which seemed almost Insuperable In-superable and pushed through to a triumphant conclusion the greatest engineering project the world has ever seen were army engineers. In the minds of Americans there will forever be associated with the name of the Panama canal the name of an army engineer, CoL George W. Goethals, who organized the work, solved complicated com-plicated engineering problems and problems of supply, personnel and finance and completed the construction of the canal ahead of the estimated esti-mated time. The work was organized ln three divisions as follows: the Atlantic division under Slbert where was built the Gatun dam, the world's largest earth dam, and the Gatun locks, also the world's largest; the Pacific division under Williamson, which included three locks of the same size but requiring less concrete; and the Central division under Gaillard, which Included the Culebra (now Gaillard) cut the world's largest single excavation. The total cost of the Panama canal was $370,-000,000. $370,-000,000. The total amount of concrete placed was 5,000,000 cubic yards, the equivalent of a wall 8 feet high and 3 feet wide running clear across the continent from Xew York to San Francisco. The total excavation work was 240,-000,000 240,-000,000 cubic yards. Another big job which the army engineers did and did with their accustomed thoroughness thorough-ness was ln connection with the American Expeditionary Ex-peditionary Force In the WorJd war. Under the leadership of Langfltt Taylor, Patrick and Jad-wln, Jad-wln, here are some of the enormous engineering engineer-ing problems of construction and supply which the corps was called upon to solve: the building build-ing of 967 miles of railways; the construction of 600 miles of light railways and the operation of 2,000 more miles of the same class; the maintenance and repair of 1,750 miles of roads; building and operating 107 lumber mills, producing pro-ducing ties, poles, cord wood and over 1,000,000 board feet of lumber per day ; erection of 16,000 barracks, equivalent to 311 miles and providing space for 280,000 beds In hospitals, of which 147 miles of wards were new construction; building build-ing Btorage warehouses, covering the equivalent of 500 acres under roof; building wharves the equivalent of seven miles of berthing space for ships; making Improvements and additions to existing water supplies and sewerage, among Air-FilTod 8hpsklns Keep Hwang Ho Raft Afloat This WASHINGTON AQUEDUCT- Cabin John bridge which was a svstem supplying 4,000,000 gallons of water per day; receiving, storing and Issuing 3,250,000 tons of engineer supplies. The famous epitaph of Sir Christopher Wren, builder of St. Paul's cathedral, might well be paraphrased for the corps of engineers, and the visitor to the National Capital might well be told "If you would see their monument look around you." The City of Washington was laid out by Major L'Enfant of the French engineers, but It was surveyed by Anflrew Elllcott, professor pro-fessor of mathematics at West Point, and the development of the city plan was continued thereafter by army engineers. One of them was T. L. Casey, who In 1867 found the Washington In the local currency ($2.50 gold) monument 156 feet high and unfinished by civil- and are considered about twice as lans ln charge. He put a new foundation under valuable after they have been prop-the prop-the existing monument an Intricate and dlf- erly prepared. Consequently, the ficult Job, albeit and finished It to Its full height large freight rafts are often valued of 655 feet But the Washington monument Is at as much as $000 gold, but the not the only work of the army engineers In hides are useful as buoys for three Washington. The public buildings there which yea" and are then sold In the Pao-they Pao-they constructed Include the Capitol, the Library taw market for shoe leather, of Congress, the Government Printing office, Rafts Easily Made, the State, War and Navy building, the Post Of- Raft-making Is a comparatively flee building and the Lincoln memorial More- easy task. To a simple framework over the water supply of Washington (the Wash- of poles lashed securely together Ington aqueduct) was built and Is now being are fastened the hides or sheep-operated sheep-operated under the direction of army engineers, skins. Even the stuffing of the hides In the vicinity of Washington are three bridges with Tibetan wool Is a simple 1 proc-which proc-which are outstanding engineering accomplish- J b"t when It comes to inflating ments, all built by this corps. They are the " " which was the longest masonry arch bridge In Jt. the industrious raftsmen . can the world (single span, 223 feet) for nearly 50 'f'SS years; the Francis Scott Key bridge, built in 1920 by Tyler to replace the oM Aqueduct bridge connecting Georgetown with Virginia, and the Arlington Memorial bridge, which Is being constructed under the direction of Slehaffey, which Is to cost $15,000,000 and which will connect con-nect the Mall with the Virginia side leading to the Arlington memorial. The Imprint of the army engineers is strong TOive(j n manipulating the clumsy upon both the highway and railway systems tranSp0rts through the rapids or In of the country. The famous old Cumberland freeing them, once they have strand-road, strand-road, from Cumberland, Md, to St. Louis, the C(1 on a gand bar; but these hardy first national highway, was constructed and raftgmen are a happy and friendly maintained by officers of the corps of engineers, lot from 1S24 to 1840. The Alaska road commission, great. Irregular, S-snaped por- conslsting of three army officers, has constructed tjon 0f the course of the Hwang no and maintained 1,100 miles of wagon roads, 600 through Kansu and Mongolia, over miles of sled roads and 4,400 miles of trails. which the rafts operate, is carved Mention of 'river and harbor wosk at the be- for a larjas part of the way through ginning of tils article recalls the fact that this the extensive loess-plain region, work was begun by the corps of engineers ln Here and ln the Wei valley, whose 1824, when West Point was the only engineer- tributary waters are gathered onto tr, in the, t-nnntrv. On this account and the Hwang Ho about 40 miles west also because there was then no continuing civil of Lanchow. was the cradle of the service and because fortification construction Chinese race; but through the cen-was cen-was already an organized service of the army, turies great quantities of loesa. or these works were put under the charge or army sanay 10am, im engineers. From tnat time to mis m nave , nijiucci ..... . ... I .i.i -a motrlnir itoaart mnnT will a been ln charge of the development or wis wore u --- and VP to fhe present time tie Investment of areas which were once fertile fann- "e government in these projecu is over $1,000,- tag districts. This yellow loess, car- lZx. r,v.oT, mnirin S2O.O00.00O a ried to suspension In tbe water, has year The corps of engineers now has cbarg. leeo the river ana me ie..ow If rm harbors. 291 rivers and 53 canl their names. the windiest of all ship launchings! The navigation of the rafts ln the down-river trade Is entirely In the bands of the Moslem Chinese, who form a considerable percentage of the population of the Kansu district dis-trict Life Is not easy on the rafts, with all the contrasts of heat and cold and the strenuous labor ln- (S or Waatei Uewayajwr L'nlea.) Today there are only a few fertile scheme of crafty raftsmen to "boot leg wool past the customs officials and thereby escape duty. Today, although the authorities know that It will be sold at the end of the trip, the wool still rides on down to Paotow, Pao-tow, escaping all of tbe tolls and du ties Imposed on the other cargo. Cargoes loaded, farewells Bald, the rafts push off on the first of the two Journeys that are made each year. They slip past water wheels that line the river banks, which are raising rais-ing water to the thirsty fields ln the Lanchow region ; then past the city's walls, and under the only steel bridge that spans the river for many hundreds of miles. Some fifteen miles below Lan chow, where the village of Hsla- shultsu Is perched on a rocky cliff, the current la swift and all hands are called to man the large tillers, as the rafts head down through the granite gorge, where tbe river makes an abrupt curve and then follows a northwesterly course. All the way downstream to Chung- wel the raftsmen must navigate through rapid after rapid. Below Chungwel the course widens as It enters the Ordos, and, except for the passage through the fertile dls trlct around Ningsla, becomes a mo notonous passage through desolate yellow wastes all the way to Pao tow. Grilling Voyage. The great loop around the Ordos desert Is a slow, grilling voyage during dur-ing the summer months, when the sun throughout the day beats down relentlessly ln a blinding glare on the water and on the shimmering sand banks. The raftsmen share the tasks of guiding the craft repairing punc tured skins, releasing the ungainly floats when stranded on sand bars, and cooking their meager meals on deck. After weeks on the way, every one Is glad when the rafts are brought safely to Paotow, the Jour ney's end. The caravan town sprawls on a barren, dun-colored hillside of sand, some little distance from the river. Low, squat adobe and brick buildings build-ings line the narrow streets and winding alleys that find outlet through the guarded gateway of rambling old city walla Caravan sarles and homes are concealed be hind closed gateways and high earthen walls. Here. In the bazaars and ln the cases or itinerant venders, the raftsmen find oddments of western produce for which they can bargain to take back to their families. Trains, that come whistling out to this outpost bring many things from Tientsin and Pelplng marts that are not readily available far ther Inland. At last when all of the cargoes have been turned over to the wool and hide merchants, the rafts are taken apart and the hides folded up and packed on donkeys or camels for the long Journey home by caravan. M FlMl CM (!df Ml Ukt CKr. Hull fti luit Cultiri Prafusiti Knwi it Beprtsslti In cii in lain t riltniii till alll aikt m Mnutat to tta rest mr tot. SIS an antt Mil tar Hu tuuiiti MVtt U si aetlki, tarastlf att tm tan walta m inn Ua rUM V trltl M Kt MtlliiM. BIB H CMIM. THIS WEEK'S PRIZE STORY Each eoamanitr can be likened ta a ejwke in the ciarantie wheel of cooperation, with "Intar-Moantaim Hade Goods" aa ita hob. With the nighty wealth and natural reaonrcea which make Inter-mountaln Made Goodi potaible. It is not necessary to look farther to meet the growing demands o? a growing populace, if ws cooperate by sing "Intermountaln Made Goods". MISS LOIS THOMPSON, Drigga. Idaho, Place Your Order Now fir tMU liftwts, lift, iKki Ml itliir twlv trust, rTNectlai Iras mt tctaaital 31 Mtsattt kw ear lece-katan lece-katan nw irwlm. Kt tri tlstrlaittn tor "Sol-Bat" brndirt, ii UkKi calck Hasan. Wrltt 1st laieltl price Mi cask axaoatt ti rdert alacai m. Ramshaw Hatcheries XI7 Sa. SUM tuttt, Salt lake tin. tiaa Botanists feel the difficulties of the inquiry into the exact methods of evolution more today than they did 70 years ago, when evolution was first promulgated. ASK TOUR DRUGGIST FOR APEX ASPIRIN AM INTEHMOUNTAIN PRODUCT The United States bureau of standards eays that the velocity of a projectile fired vertically is the same ascending- and descending-. NEW MOTOR OIL Sold with a Money Back Guarantee Glamis castle, which was closed ln Scotland because of high taxes, is one of the most famous fortresses for-tresses in Scotland and waa that home of Macbeth. Used Cletrac TRACTORS Reconditioned LOW PRICES TERMS PACIFIC FINANCE CORP. Ill So. State St, Salt take City, Utah The prescription-filling capacity of the American drug stores has been estimated by Department of Commerce experts to be more than ten times as great as the demand. In Trade For Your Wool UTAH WOOLEN MILLS BLANKETS Salt Lake City. Utah Write for CaUkgae and Details The principles involved in the Sixteenth century chart of Mer- cator, the Flemish mathematician, are those embodied in the charts mostly used by seamen to this day. Adopting Africa Babies The UcBurney orphanage at Elat Africa, recently reported 9 orphan or-phan babies under their care. There are also 60 childless families waiting wait-ing for babies to adopt They cannot can-not Just say "give me a baby" ; they must present a written application telling of their wish and Christian experience. Unless they are church members they cannot have a child. Their church session or one of the missionaries must also recommend the couple. Tbe foster mother Is visited as frequently as possible after aft-er the child leaves to see that all Is welL As far as possible tbe babies ba-bies are returned to their own tribe and have been sent to tbe homes of masons, carpenters, chauffeurs, teachers and evangelists the latter lat-ter predominating, says the Mont real Herald. CASH PAID fir 111 till Imlrj Intel tutu. Bitfpt Etc. W. M. Mc CONAHAY, Imkr utircj tin urn h n. itrt citj m 14 UsaMitalas Mar rtfMsss. tail tarcriistt I II aa ratarsaf la rea laatajaattKH set aatalactari. ' at a. ion. lis, i u w . a. toe, onto, iw Change, Change, Change Change, ceaseless change, is the sign of life. $3.00 omn jLauv fnjr ii jmmr rr MHri In this frrx rt war weak will k k.U for the best S-wrd article aa Wbv a aheaU aee Interawemtaia aaade Gaodi" Siasilar to a be re. Brrte' year story ia prose ar eersa to In-toraaeantaia In-toraaeantaia Predacta Catena. P. Beg ISU. Salt Lake City. If year story calaa rare Week Xe. 1)11 WA'.tV Salt Lake City |