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Show ' r at!.... " ff: .. . .. - - ' - - LOMlBIfl 9TH. .mm -liw, liwdD C0 sums r t-v .. " ..;Cv-; .r 3 1 TAViV, -rr VS' ':iT?T7' . AV 1 xXf?., firs SO SCOTT WATSON i t . m w :M Id North America there publle poetically hailed as "Cck A the Gem of the Ocean" United States. Down In South rfct ' there's another republic pst teal name differs In the spell bjolj one letter from the po- al umt of her sister In the hand there's more, loan' one ? for hailing It as "Colombia p Two Oceans.' Both of them je tack to one man, the daring If commonly .regarded, as the 4 New World Christopher Co- i jear two events haye turned e Sorts American renuhllr tn. iaerican. One of them was the naiomnla and Pern OTer the eat whose purpose It was to a? Between the two countries. I of tta Amazon river are far n liope of the Andes which : waitry of Peru, Ecuador and , a treaty was signed defln-?. defln-?. which for the most part fol- V rlfer, a northern branch of Joins In Brazilian, terri-1 terri-1 lire the Colombian! access -w ceded to Colombia the nar 1 tt Putumayo along the Bra-f Bra-f Amazon and Including the aentment at this arrangement, 1 at Pprnwln . tui a Mcb the Amazonian port of Drtnat ... . r- vcmer nniii reroiutlon at f President Legura, f maty. On the morning of is M n . -u" rerunana seized Ranches Cerro was Inclined tX---?'htw "Ported It, 1922 wa "1" ,4, ,ul up nia people, IItllN'III.J 1... ' j wi oy me congresses S of Nations took a band .ZT. ."ucu report which "L'.the ttor lori 10 vo'ombia. ' wiaiiici. wifn tisa, C'?"0". thereof 34.jr;u. mcn wl ct to , re BUch Interna-tfti!lDbor,nbJ Interna-tfti!lDbor,nbJ Oolom,!.. ,Si'lhe Dn,te1 States, 'lt.TM"ltltl from J fuln" their, duties Sll'r for 0,6 effrts ltflUl2 K!llca,',e dement SllU to Rn , r AlfoniK oi, n;"gla,1J. who. with J2U ra of Colombia. Ibm 'nrnwt accord be- KTcolomM Vriar' of the 3.7Ia- tth a pro- r wei,; m eiPosl C'wSit1 to this 10rful and turbulent k. 1. Four centuries after th ey of th Span ish conquistadors first widened at South Amer ica's coastal beauty, such tropically wild garden spots at the Bay of Plnorroa remain unchanged and lovely. Part of Colombia's virgin coastline, It may have been the haven for more than one buccaneering crew sailing the seas In search of the storied wealth of the Spanish gold fleets. Zi Painting by Leudo, Colombia painter. In Hotel El 8alto at Tequendama Falls, showing Bochlca after smiting the rock that caused the rushing forth of Tequendama Falls. 3.-Brandhea drooping with the weight of rip red cluster of coffee cherries; this coffee tree Is ready for the pickers who harvest one of the most Important crops of Colombia. 4. "Panama" hats In the process of manufac ture. bV An air view of the modern waterfront of Cartagena, Colombia, one of the oldest cities In the New World, which was founded 400 years ago, In 1633. It was from here that the treas ure-laden Spanish galleona set sail for the Old World as far back as the middle of the Sixteenth century. perhaps than that of any other city In the New World.' The early Spanish conquistadors dlscor ered the harbor and decided to establish a city there, through which the Spanish fleet might maintain contact with the rich New World over which their dominion was rapidly becoming es tablished. But the native Indians thought other wise, and It was only with the greatest difficulty that theywere subdued. On January 21, 1533, the first stone of the new city was laid by Pedro de Heredla In the name of Spain. Thereupon, Its fortresses and towers rose quickly, at a reported expense of $80,000,000 and thousands upon thou sands of Urea, perhaps the costliest city in men and money since the building of Rome or Athena. 8pata'a determination to build strongly and to hold the city against all comers was not with out logic. Shiploads of gold, silver and emeralds. costliest of Jewels, in the mining of which Co lombia still leads all other countries, were dls patched to the Old World. Caravans of priceless booty flowed Into Cartagena by mule-back and other means of primitive transportation. Eng llsh and French rapidly learned of the treasure land, and Spain, unwilling to- share the bounty of discovery, fortified and fortified mightily. Like Carthage of old, Cartagena withstood many a mighty siege and was the site of the greatest battles of those times. And like Carthage Carth-age of old, Cartagena fell before Invading con querors. The most famous assault of all has an Indirect but picturesque connection with United Unit-ed States history and with one of Uncle Sam's own most precious of national shrines. In the 1740s a British fleet stormed Cartagena under command of Admiral Vernon. It was one of the most stupendous and enduring sieges of the military history of that day. The final stages of the alege found, the would-be Invaders under command of one Capt Lawrence Washington. Upon Captain Washington's return to Virginia In 1742. he found a new house awaiting him. tne central portion of the present mansion, and he gave It the name of Monnt Vernon In honor of the admiral under whom he sailed for Cartagena. Upon his death, the property became that of George Washington, his half brother. During the period 154-1 to 1815. Cnrtnjronn was attacked eight times, by pirates and buccaneers, buc-caneers, among them the Kngllshmnn, Drake. and his countryman, Hawkins. These succeeded in capturing the city, held It for a short period and abandoned it with booty valued at more than half a million ducats. French adventurers also succeeded In capturing the city after strenuous strenu-ous siege, and departed with even greater treasure. treas-ure. In spite of temporary capture, Cartagena continued to remain Spanish, for, although some of the besiegers were successful, their stay was only long enough to plunder and sack. Not only is Colombia Met) In historic assocln tlons such as those connected with the ancient city of Cartagena, but It Is also rich In beau ties of nature whfeb justify the characterization' of "A Gem Tween Two Oceans." One of thos5 beauty spots is the famous Tequendama wn terfall and connected with It Is an Interesting legend of the Chlbchas, the native inhabitants of Colombia, Bochia was their protective deity and Chlbchacum, a subordinate deity, waa the god of farmers, merchants and silver workers. The Chlbchas, like some other peoples of the earth, had their universal punishment or flood on account of their many sins. This flood took place In the great Inundations of the Sopo and Tblto rivers, tributaries of the Funza, the In habitants of the lofty plateau of Bogota having only the tops of the trees In which to take refuge. This great flood had been ordered by Chlbchacum, their subordinate god. But the survivors turned their eyes to Kochlca, their ever-protecting deity, and the latter, appearing one evening at sunset above the rainbow and with a golden scepter In one hand struck such a blow with It upon the rocks of Tequendama that they split In two and through the opentng thus made the waters held on the savannah or plain of Bogota were released, leaving It more fertile than before, thanks to the slime that had accumulated. This was the divine origin of the marvellous Tequendama waterfall. In the .old days It was. gold and precious stones which constituted the sought after wealth of Colombia and even today, in addition to be ing the world's largest producer of emeralds, that repuhlle leads ail other South American countries In the production and export of gold. But her greatest- treasure is gold of another sort three kinds of "gold" In fact. They are "white gold" or platinum, In the production of which she ranks second ; "black gold" or oil ;"and "green gold," or coffee. The worhTe largest producer of fine coffees and second In world coffee production, Colombia has a leading role among the South American countries In being purveyor to the enormous coffee pot of her neighbor on the north, the United States. In 1032 that giant coffee pot poured out approximately 87.000,000,000 cups of America's national drink, enough to give every person tn the United States T17 cups per year or almost two cups a day, and 80 per cent of the billion and a half pounds of coffee now Imported Im-ported annually for American coffee lovers comes from the South American states with Colombia as one of the chief sources of supply. Just as the United- Slates looks to her sister republic In the South for a warming, Invigorating Invigorat-ing drink, so does she also look to her for a cool, comfortable type of hendtar. For It was during the construction of the Panama railroad rail-road across the Isthmus of Pnnnmn, tlien a part of Colombia, that the term "panamn" as applied to hats originated. While that work was In progress, several of these native hats found their way Into Panama City and were purchased by tourists and by workmen. Owing to the rapid and promaoie sale of those few hats larger quantities were brought In and sold. Tourists who carried these hats away with them, when questioned as to their origin, very naturally replied that they came from Pannnia and It was therefore generally assumed that they must be a product of that Dart of Colombia and since they were procured In Panama, they must needs be known as "pan-nma "pan-nma hats." Thus without further Information as to Its origin, the term "panama hat" was accepted as correct and thus It has remained'. (t) by Wutn Nwipj Union ) FREEDOM'S BIRD IS IN DANGER War on the Bald Eagle Based v..., .00, JSlaxtefiyHf ,,tiitli m .im.. Prtptrtd by National Oonfraphle Soelatf. Wuhtnetoa, D, O. WNU SarvU. BIUD lovers, disturbed by the threatened extermination of the white-headed or bald eagle, have taken op the fight" to protect America's bird of freedom whose rugged profile adorns American seals and coins as the emblem of the nation. In Its structure and habits, the eagle Is a large hawk, of close kin to the falcons, buzzards and harriers of every clime, but the biggest, boldest and most powerful raptor of them alL The female, which In the American Amer-ican eagle Is the larger sex, may attain a length of 43 Inches, may spread eight feet, and, according to Audubon, may weigh from eight to twelve pounds, though these last figures may be greatly exceeded In captive birds. It Is a stranger to fatigue, can probably lift Its own weight, and has been known to carry car-ry a lamb over a distance of Ore miles. Our eagle la content to subsist upon llsh whenever there Is sn ample am-ple supply, but Is too partial to waterfowl to become a favorite with sportsmen, thongh It never kills for sport; and Is too fond t)f chicken dinners,, mutton chops and suckling pigs ever to become popular In rural communities. Now It has been accused, though with scant show of Justice, of destroying de-stroying salmon and young reindeer rein-deer In Alaska, where the territorial terri-torial legislature has set a price upon Its hoary head. For ten years or more a ruthless war has been waged against our national bird in that territory, until more " eagles have been destroyed some estimates esti-mates running as high as forty or fifty thousand than were thought to exist on the whole continent It Is safe 'to say that forty thousand thou-sand eagles could not appreciably affect the supply of Alaskan salmon In forty thousand years. But man, with his wasteful methods, Intent "only on present gains, must find a culprit and the eagle was a convenient con-venient victim. Franklin Derided Him. But this Is not all; for, aside from the eagle's occasional raids upon the farmer's stock and poultry, poul-try, which In most parts of the country are far from habitual or serious, our bird's moral character has been assailed. ' His reputed turpitude was early expressed by Benjamin Franklin In a letter written writ-ten In France on January 20, 1784, and has been quoted with-approval since. At that time the Order of Cin-clnnatus, Cin-clnnatus, which had been recently created In America and had adopted adopt-ed the "bald eagle" as Its emblem, was a fair target for critics on both aides of the water. Franklin thought that a bird which was too lazy to fish for himself, but robbed the honest llsh hawk on every occasion, and was so rank a coward as to permit the little kingbird to "drive him out of the district," was "by no means a proper emblem for. the brave and honest Cincinnati of America," who by their prowess had "driven all the kingbirds from our country." The eagle, like the fish hawk, must follow the Instincts with which nature has endowed It, but that upon occasion It Is a carrion-feeder, carrion-feeder, like most of Its kind, Is probably to be set down to Its credit. Perhaps It Is too late to point out that the eagle Is never "driven out of the district"- by the kingbird or by any other living being except a man armed with a gun. It Is true that he Is constantly annoyed by the little tyrants, whenever be crosses their nesting presence, but he Is toalndlfferent or toa much bored by such attacks to do more than deflect his course. Bold Enough When Necessary. The trouble with those writers who have complained of the timid ity of our -national bird lies In at2 trlbutlng to the species, which of course must Include every Individ ual of the kind In question, what they have observed In but few Individuals, In-dividuals, or perhaps In only one and under one set of conditions. They forget that behavior In a given case may vary not alone with that Individual's Inheritance and age, but, most of all, If It be Intelligent, Intel-ligent, with habit In the sense of profiting by experience. All eagles, like many of the Inwks, when wounded or hard pressed, will fight like demons; and we might expect them to- fight to protect their young; but while some will do this, others will not It all depends upon the acquired or momentary balance between caution cau-tion and fear, as dictated by experience, expe-rience, or upon the resultant of their Inherited and acquired powers. The eagle offers a Inrge target. whether upon Its eyrie or In the air, and In settled communities, where Its wits must be constantly pitted against those of man, circumspection circum-spection becomes the rule of life and, caution the price of lltert.v. Trusting Its young to the Inac cessibility of their nest. It usually keeps at a safe distance whenever this Is approached, for It has learned Its lessons from bitter ex perience; but should, the eagle's eyrie be placed low or la mors remote re-mote and wilder regions, the marauder ma-rauder will do well to watch his steps or he may meet with, the. surprise sur-prise of his life ; for, like the she bear, the eagle can and oftep will dftfeu4Jla jcpunl,ma 1ft ItUCaUt la a swift and formidable adversary. adver-sary. That the American eagle will sometimes put op a stiff fight tn the defense of Its nest, or when hard pressed on the ground, - we have ample evidence, Capt B. F. Com thus wrote to Captain Bendire of his experience at a nest built on a small tsland In the vicinity of Corpus Chrlstl. Texas: "Both parent birds attacked us with great f ury, . screaming nd striking at as with, their talons. While examining the nest, they came within a few feet of me and I was glad to retire." When Caught In a Trap. - The late Hon. John O. White fit Cleveland has given the following account of what happened on two occasions at Jackson Hole when an eagle was caught In a trap set for bear: "We would have released him," wrote the Judge, "hut the trap had scraped his let and he would not allow us near. When we cam op to the stockade he was lying down. As soon as he saw ul he reared himself op on his sound leg, favoring favor-ing the trapped one as much as he could, and, with head drawn back and feathers erected, defied ns and I. ... t .'-.Y $T - - t u 1 '' 'A I .wi. I . t , rv - -v , 1- . H ..... , 'j .. fiv-y Aslatlo Hunter With Eagle. struck at ns fiercely when we attempted at-tempted to approach. As there was no way to release him, w had to kin him." Like the giant of old, when beaten beat-en to the earth, he promptly arose with fighting powers renewed, for "In an instant he was on his feet again, as Indomitable as ever, and this continued after every blow, until un-til at length he was killed. To the end he waa fiercely defiant . . . Such a picture as he made of Indomitable- courage, persistent to the last 1 never saw." - J' Most wonld agree with the Judge, that It would be hard to find a. better bet-ter emblem, for a free and courageous coura-geous nation than this Indomitable bird. The eagle Is the greatest homo-keeper homo-keeper of his class. His eyrie Is his castle, which, as we hare seen, he will at times defend against all comers. In It his eaglets spend the first ten weeks of their life from mid-April until early July, upon the southern shore of Lake Erie nd It Is the occasional rendezvous, lookout point and dining table for the elder pair for the remainder of the year. Habits of Our Eagle. With us the eagle Is nonmlgra-tory, nonmlgra-tory, or a very Irregular migrant never leaving his home neighborhood neighbor-hood for long and only when bis food supplies run out The first year's nest Is framed with sticks, usually from 2 to 8 feet long and from 1 to 2 Inches thick, and well bedded with straw, cornstalks; and stubble, the whole measuring about five feet each way. In it are laid two or, more rarely, three dull white eggs, resembling somewhat those of the domestic goose, and, It Is believed, at Intervals Inter-vals of several days, beginning In this latitude In mid or late March. In from four to five weeka the young are hatched In white down, which contrasts sharply with their dark eyes and their almost black, hooked bills. Thli natal covering Is shortly replaced with a thick coat of close gray down, to be In turn gradually combed off, until they have acquired their full Juvenal dress of dark-brown feathers by the end of May or the beginning of June. Early In the lnfter month the eaglets are becoming sleeker every day through their incessant atten: tions to their toilet, and with their brown dappled dross and clean yellow yel-low legs make a fine appearance. Already they are nearly as large as their parents and have a wing-spread wing-spread of more than six feet; yet from two to three weeks of voracious vora-cious feeding and ardent exercise are still required before they will have gained sufficient courage and the proper co-ordination of muscles' and nerves to leave the eyrie under un-der their own power. After freedom has been attained, a few more weeks are spent In company com-pany with their pnrents, who still continue to bring them food, and with them they make frequent vis-Its vis-Its to their old home; but the day eventually arrives when parental guidance and protection cease and the young go forth to seek, far from their native heath, their substance sub-stance and their fortune, and In due course te found a hou. of tiieir own. Sally Scz rrrm : " i Lml mm (ImbU bB hat wwrk. laiwan Wa i FATOMZ aOHl INDtXSTaT. rt m aaaU wnr aUifc, i kale !? tfcaa Maw, kari m4 Ola Is haw. The sweet potato belongs to th morning glory family, convolvtu laceae, and its blossom resemble! that of th morning glory. ' THIS WEEK'S PRIZE STORY Yaa will kT la varatUa, aw Out at tkna la fcara. If yaava ntraiaa BOHB MAURI far yaw aaaatbaca will ka cbart Ta wiB fca aaraa a wiiUa, aw aaaS fcaata la rata rcgrat At jraa'Ta WatTa aach MWl ralaf for all area? yaa bava aaat A4 faa'll fcaaa that awaat anaraaei at - tfca happr Manll fir -That INTERUOUNTAIN FUODUCT8 ara tha baat that re har. MBS. CHAS. O. FCLTZ, Batf war. Wa, The North star is brighter than the sun, the former giving forth about 625 times as much light as our own sun. - ASK TOOK DBUGCIST FOB Witch nazel Cressi (HIK LOTION) ' AN tNTEBMOtrNTAlN FKODCCT ' . . . i - , a f - r 11 - al association shows that the aver i . . . j t . j Wlv annuaa income oi bivuicbi w tors in the United States is $9,764. " WHT BE AILING? Baiala Haahh kr NATUBAL METHODS Normalise Rejuvenate R. M. L. BIOTONE l-00 Nautralhaa aeUa afid testes. Baatoraa ehemU-al balaaa tha haala of haaHh. Far Bhaomatiam, Aaidoala, Gaa, TJiaara, R. M. I LAXA.TONE $1.00 Corraeta Constipailen fcr vlUliiina tha latartlnal nuaelea. Tba longer yea. ea it, tha lata yoa nmd." Tfab dv. good for U oa pnrchaaa of any B. fct L. product within. oa weak from data of beaa. A all arasvtsU or direct Xrtai . Rocky Mountain Laboratories II W. tad So. Salt Uks Otf. Utah (Dnurgiat Katara thli ta oa for redemption. re-demption. Limit 1 to aach $1 mwrehaaa.) BOkUNCS IN BFjfgDjEf Tha lotarmoantaia country baa Ions Vara recognised aa moat versatile predator el mineral riches. It has bean said that groater Tartety of useful minerals are found in tha Intermoantala region than ia any other like section of the country. Gold, sliver, copper, had, coal, asphalt; marble, onyx are among the better known Sroducta of the earth, of which this section a leading; producer. Besides these, there AloV whtf ftNl flsCtfsdW artnfMlwlnllBsj sTeVnttVlat and other lass known hot valuable mlnerala which have brought fame to Utah and her neighbors. Probably one of the aaoat Important .die. " core rice of this region waa made few years ago. almost accidentally. This die eovery haa every Indication of bringing mora fame and recognition tn tha Inter mountain states than any deposit ever brought te light, Besident proapeetora die. covered a peculiar formation which, after frequent tests, proved to have no recognised metallic value. The substance waa of aach a strange nature that numerous teats and -experiments ware conducted to determine iu origin and qualities. Several well-known geologists and so tineers were invited te inspect the property, prop-erty, aad the consensus of their opinions hi that this substance was formerly bed of marine vegetation, deposited at a am when V. -. -.1 . .i . , ... by an arm of the ocean. Bietoao ki predneed simply by processing' the substance taken from this unique deposit de-posit with distilled water to extract tha mineral salts, and strangely enough the latest chemical analysia shows It to eon tain practically every element which the human body needs for normal function. Although offered just recently through the drag stores. Biotone has enjoyed unusual success and communications have been r eived from various parts of the country requesting distributional rights, and Biotone has been shipped to several foreign ooun-tries. ooun-tries. Other products will later be developed from this same base, and the expectation of The Rocky Mountain Laboratories is that they will eventually have the satin, faction of increasing the payroll of tha pcopls of this section. One hundred years ago, Athens was a scattered , village of some 7,000 inhabitants. Today they number num-ber a half-million. rrvS HBt'tOif:ULlilntieVn Population of China The population of China is estimated esti-mated at 474,787,000. I0 AA Pr week will be paid UJ.UU ik --ed Tw,ww article en "Why yea sheald sue Intermeantala msds Goads" Similar te above. Send "your stary In prese at verse te In-4ermeuntain In-4ermeuntain Products C via mn, P. O. Box 155J, Salt Lake City. It year story appears In this column von will re ceive check for $3.00 Week No. J32S W.N.U--Salt Lake |