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Show 74 10- 4;" 1 i -. i t i 4 I s t I I m I e V I- ' ; ; : - ; , 1 945 PROVCV UTAH COUNTY, UTAH, THURSDAY, APRIL 26, 1 Editorial. Bootleggers and Black Marketers Daniel P. Woolley is the OPA's head man in New York City. As such he has certainly picked up considerable knowledge of the black market, along with the headaches incident in-cident to bis difficult and thankless job. We wouldn't pretend to pit our black market mar-ket knowledge against his, any more than we would envy him the headaches he got in acquiring it. But we would suggest that some fears he voiced in a recent speech may be groundless. He said that if the racketeers, chiselers and shady manipulators get a firm foothold in any industry, "they will do a lasting damage dam-age to legitimate people in that industry." That naturally brought to mind prohibi tion and the bootleggers. Those merchants of synthetic popskull fitted Mr. Woolley's La Guardia-esque description, and then some. But we don't recall that they lasted long in the liquor business after repeal, or that they , j. j 4.1. iii.i.i- ma any permanent uauiage w wiv legitimate manufacturers or purveyors of legal liquor. Our sruess. based solely on past history and without Mr. Woolley's specialized knowledge, knowl-edge, is that the black marketers will give even less trouble. People who patronized bootleggers never felt obligated to admire them or accept them socially, even when bootleggers seemed a permanent and indispensable part of the American scene. And after repeal the fact that a person had helped keep the Cappne gang in existence by his purchases didn't prevent his clamoring for the government to round up the Capone gang and put them out of business. And of course bootleg liquor and black market meat or cigarets are quite different things. Nobody was taking food or smokes out of his neighbor s mouth when he bought a quart of bathtub gin. We doubt that most purchasers of point- free, over-ceiling steaks are deeply proud of themselves today. We don't think they are going to be any prouder when the war is over. And it seems logical that some day they might transform their own shame into scorn of their black marketer. That can't happen yet. The black market customer's conscience is still outshouted by his stomach's clamorous demand to be fed as elegantly as ever, no matter how illegal, selfish or expensive that demand may be. But it seems inconceivable that some day "when steak and cigarets and gasoline are available to all with money to buy, we should hear a neighbor say, "Well, he was my black marketer during the War, and I'm going to be loyal to him now. We can't imagine that a merchant with a wartime black market reputation Will find the world beating a path to his door when abundance and free competition return. No, we think today's legitimate merchant will do all right tomorrow. Human Rights at San Francisco "To err," says a famous proverb, "is hu man." Fortunately, however, it is also hu man to try to profit by our mistakes. Human blundering kept us from making the first World War the last, and human shortsitrht edness brought us almost to disaster before the tide turned in our favor this time. The United Nations determination that this shall not happen again is the keynote of the San francisco conference which is now in ses sion. At the end of the last war we made the mistake of believing that peace would take care of itself. When the guns were silenced we went back to "mindmir our own busi ness," neither noticing nor caring what went on in otner lands. Ethiopia, we thought, was far away. Fascism, unpleasant though it sounded, we discounted as a wav of life peculiar to Italy. Even the rise of Hitler louna most oi us unmoved. We dismissed him as a "crackpot," and laughed at his rantmgs. Thus it went on, until suddenly we saw that we had missed the forest for the trees The "local incident" in Ethiopia led to ag gressions in Spain Albania, Greece, Austria Czechoslovakia and Poland. Fascism, once peculiar to Italy, spread like wildfire over Europe. And that German "crackpot," who Degan oy attacking minorities in Germany, finally became the greatest single enemv hu manity had ever known. The small flame that consumed at first the rights and free doms of a very few, soon spread until it threatened to devour all. The protection of individual rights, wherever wher-ever they may be threatened, is no lornrer a question of altruism. Most of us have stop- pea ieeung iiKe oanta uiaus becuase we are doing our share to bring peace to the world. For now we know that the onlv hone fnr nnr own security lies in a peace that protects tne rignts or all peoples, wherever they may live. Freedom of worshin. sneech and asMmhlv equal justice under the law basic human rights that have been our for many generationsthese genera-tionsthese must be guaranteed in every country of the world by the United Nations. Human freedoms must come out of the. blueprints blue-prints at San Francisco, for international security is unattainable unless individuals within nations are secure. Let us have a realistic world organization, armed wif-b o potent, functioning Commission on Human Bights. Only then do we stand a chance of voiding me errors oi tne past. The Washington Merry-Co-Round A vauy nciuxe ox west s Zl coL Robert i a -t & Allan on etlv duty) SAN FRANCISCO Last fall it leaked out that there was a drastic difference of opinion between the state department and the treasury over a soft peace for Germany, and after sev eral weeks of discussion. President Roosevelt definitely threw his weight with the treasury in favor of a hard peace. Top war department officials, Influenced by the atrocities committed aeainst American and Al lied prisoners, finally agreed with the president, and even the state department reluctantly swung into line. For a lone time it has been no secret that a group inside the state department favored a soft peace for Germany with a view to making her a bulwark against Russia after the war. But as long as Roosevelt was in the White House, toe state department appeasers Kept quiet. However, on the day after his body was buried, a meeting of the German reparations ocm-mittee ocm-mittee was held in the office of Assistant Secre tary Will Clayton at which both the state and war departments suddenly reversed Roosevelt's policy of a hard peace. , Soeeificallv. they argued against the removal of Nazi factories, machine tools, plant equipment or goods out of Germany. The Russians have orooosed the removal of German war plants to help build up the hundreds of Russian lactones destroyed by Germany. But the state and war de railments maintained that no such German equip ment could be removed from Germany without the unanimous consent of the reparations com' mission. Naturally this means that either the United States or Great Britain could block such removal since both sit on the commission. At this meeting. Assistant Secretary of State Clayton argued that American policy should favor leaving factory equipment and machinery in Germany Ger-many so she can get back on a sound economic basis. He even mentioned the fact that Germany would need to import cotton to manufacture clothes and should be permited to have enough exports to pay for the imported cotton. (Clayton is the biggest cotton exporter in the world and did a heavy business with the Nazis before the war.) RUSSIANS REMEMBER Unfortunately the Russians are all too familiar with the attitude of the state and war departments toward them. Unfortunately, also, some observers believe this distrust ox the u. s state department is one reason why the Russians Rus-sians demand a strong, all-Communist Poland. However, no mater how efficient the peace machinery devised at San Francisco, it will not work if the two strongest powers supposed to keep the peace already have begun jockeying against each other. The Russians cannot forget among other things the strategy of the Cliveden set in Eng land (with which Churchill was once sympathetic) to stir up war between Germany and Russia while England sat on the sidelines. The Russians also know all too well the type of anti-Russian con versation that goes on at the home of Mrs. jgyalyn Walsh (Hope diamond) McClean. when she enter tains the elite of Washington society at her famous dinners at what is sometimes called the head quarters of the American Cliveden set. The Russians knew in advance, for instance, that the Douglas Aircraft company had sold the plans for its DC-4 to Japan for $1,000,000 before Pearl Harbor. And they have been especially interested in the war department's survey of the damage done to German war plants by U. S. planes, a survey to be undertaken by a group of bankers and top insurance executives, including: Henry G. Alexander, Alex-ander, vice-president of J. P. Morgan; Fred Searles Jr., president of several J. P. Morgan mine companies; Franklin D'Olier, president of the Prudential Life Insurance Co.; and Robert P. Russell, Rus-sell, president of Standard Oil Development Co. Considering the manner in which Standard Oil of New Jersey collaborated with Hitler's cartels even after the war broke in Europe, and considering" how the J. P. Morgan branch bank in Paris collaborated with the Nazis even after Pearl Harbor, you can't blame the Russians for wondering whether this survey actually isn't for the purpose of getting a line on German industry and building it up after the war. AMERICAN INDUSTRY WANTS IN Already, the state department is being bombarded by American industrialists who owned factories in Germany before the war and want to get back to start operating them. Amoifg the leading pressure boys is Graeme Howard, vice-president vice-president of General Motors in charge of operations oper-ations in Europe (and Germany). Howard helped organize Franco's truck transport service during the Spanish Civil war, has a personal interest in the Open Auto Works in Germany, and has been busy as a hound dog around the state department de-partment wanting to get back to Germany. Naturally they can't have a hard peace if they are to build up Germany, so they don't want German factories and machine tools carted off to Russia. Another factor making the Russians suspicious is the British demand that food which the Russian Rus-sian army finds In Germany be used to feed the German people rather than to feed starving poles and Russian slave laborers. Shortly before he left London, both Foreign Minister Eden and Sir James Grigg,' British war minister, took the position, pos-ition, in secret talks- with U. S. officials, that food found in Germany must be used to feed the Germans, not Polish and Russian civilians. The British argument is that if German food is diverted di-verted to the Pole's' and Russian's, the Allies will have to. import more to the Germans. SUSPECT OSS Finally, the Russians are nrobablv most suspicious of. the mysterious U. S. espionage or ganization called OSS. The OSS, or Office of Strategic Services, has, strangely, distributed some of the most powerful bankers' representatives in the U. S. A. At key points where they can influence in-fluence U. S. policy in occupied Germany. The xoster of OSS men who have been or are operating in Europe reads like a' blue-stocking list of the first sixty families. It includes: Paul Mellon Mel-lon son of Andrew Mellon: Junius and Henry Morgan of the house of Morgan, Alfred DuPont, Lester Armour of the Chicago Armours, Gordon Auchincloss, John Auchlncldss, Warwick Potter, Harold Coolidge, William Van Allen of the Astor family, and Allan Dulles, atorney for various international in-ternational bankers with previous connections in Germany. Some of these may not deserve the suspicion focused upon thera. But others more than make up for it. And. anyone listening for 30 minutes to their conversation about the next war and building up Germany as a partner , in that war. can understand why the Russians wrongly accused us of a deal to permit the American army to enter Berlin first. v This is the kind of underlying suspicion which must be killed immediately and permanently if the machinery of San Francisco is to bring about permanent peace. .(Copyright, 1945, by the Bell Syndicate, Inc.) , They Send a Boy to Do a Man's Work 1 " (lf 4. ) V wm Desk Chat, Editorial Column Amendments In Profusion By PETER EDSON 1 NEA Service Staff Correspondent SAN FRANCISCO, April 24 Hardest thing to find in San Francisco on the eve of the United Nations conference opener open-er was a delegation which didn't have -any Dumbarton Oaks amendments to nropose. Foreign Minister Eelco Van Kleffens started off by saying the Netherlands would offer seven amendments. ' Just to show you can beat the Dutch, Foreign Minister Ezequlel Padilla said Mexico would offer 28 amendments. Then Foreign Minister Georges Bidault reminded that the French provisional government would have nine. Without' any help from the other Americans. U. S. Delegate Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg has been able to think up nine amendments of his own, so with 52 proposed amendments from the first four comers it looked as though California sunshine which greeted early arrivals would in time be blanketed by some' thine more than fog rolling in from the Pacific The days will be warm, but the mere prospect of 45 nations, each offering half-a-dozen or more amendments is enough to give every delegate a pair of fresh blankets heavy enough to sleep under every night. None of these amendments is a criticism of Dumbarton Oaks proposals, you understand, Dum barton Oaks is perfect greatest thing in history hope of the future just what toe world has been waiting for but As Minister Van Kleffens said, "If the Netherlands delegation should criticize, we do it only to improve We are not wor ried about mere words. . . . We are not legalistic minded BUT we shall propose amendments." mm1 The fog blanket of amendments threatening to darken the San Francisco conference . skies will be only slightly less confusing than the millions of words, to be written and broadcast by the 1200 newsmen and women on hand for the proceedings. The experting that goes on in hotel corridors, newspaper col umns, in microphones and out of loud speakers doesn't, just .suffo cate you. it drowns you. Real foreign correspondents who have made a life-time business of this diplomatic game can ask four dollar questions so complicated you can't even . understand the question, let alone the answers "Are you pqpsed to the Yalta vote piam, soraeoooy asicea Minister Van Kleffens,' on quasi- judicial or quasi-executive de cisions?" He answered it, but if you want to know how, please look some place else. It was just too deep, For $8, somebody asked Dutch Minister Van Kleffens what he thought about Korea. For $16, Mexican Minister Padilla Pa-dilla was asked what he thought about Poland. For $32 French Foreign Minister Min-ister Georges Bidault was- asked something about Czechoslovakia. The trick seems to be to ask a foreign minister something that is completely foreign anything he Is supposed to 'know the answer to. It apparently takes practice. Bidault slid out of one of tils slick questions by saying that "tne . question leads us onto a slippery slope." This Bidault, though seems to be quite a character and a smoothie, too. "I am sure," his translator said he said," this conference will meet with difficulty. All conferences confer-ences meet with difficulty." It was a masterful understatement. Biggest difficulty of this conference con-ference is apparently' g6ihg to be the Russians who up to opening day not only hadn't said anything, any-thing, but had stayed out on a Soviet communlcatiop ship an chored in San Francisco Bay so they would'nt have to say it The $64 question for them is, "Lublin?" Anybody knowing the answer will please offer an amendment. Bergdoll's Wife Becomes Citizen PHILADELPHIA, April 26 (U.R) Mrs. Berta BergdolL 38, Down- ington, Pa., German-born wife of Grover Bergdoli, notorious world War I draft dodger, was sworn in as an American citizen in U. S. district court -today by Federal Judge George A. Welsh. Mrs. Bergdoli, who arrived alone for the naturalization ceremony, cere-mony, told the court "I am happy to be here and to nave my cnu dren here." Q's and A's Q What was the original name of Potsdam, famed heart of Prus sianism? A Poztukimi. It appeared in history in 933 as a Slavonic fish ing village. Q How much coal is required in manufacture of a tank? A The Germans figured it at 90 tons; 120,000 tons for a battle ship. long is the DanubeWtivation. Q How River? A 1750 miles, from the Black Forest to the Black Sea. J Q How long has cocoa been in use? A Cortez found the natives of Mexico using it (the cacao Dean) both in their diet and as money. Inst Cow Intelllzeiit'An Ton? oidMa ever stop to think what a vastvamount of Knowledge you have acquired since you were aJvelop a creative ability far be "fi When you were born, you could! not walk or talk. . .could not even distinguish the faces of your parents. par-ents. Yeu could make only the: simplest sounds and motions soon, you learned to cry or yell when you were hungry. By the time you were three years old, you could do things that took the first human beings hundreds and hundreds of years to learn. It took you only a few weeks to learn the alphabet, the numerals num-erals from 1 to 10 and their relationship rela-tionship to each other; and before long, you could add and subtract and spell perhaps as many as 800 simple words and knew their meaning. Things that took the human race many thousands of years to learn. TN Later you learned to read and Once News Now History Twenty Years Ago From the Files Of THE PROVO HERALD Of April 26, 1925 Vindicated of charges that he had misued his senatorial office. Senator Burton K. Wheeler of Montana, issued a statement charging "the Daugherty gang" with producing false testimony at his trial . Plans had been- approved by the priesthood and other mem bers of toe Manavu ward for toe completion of. the Manavu ward chapel and the raising of funds to finance the construction. It was hoped to have the chapel ready for use by Oct 1. Ada Anderson, a Provo high speech student, won the Harmon oratorical contest. Other contest ants were Louis Johnson. Lynn Broadbent, Priscilla Taylor, Ern est Whitehead, and Ann Peay. Thirty Years Ago' From the Files of April 26, 1915 Biggest event of the day was the public celebration of toe completion of the new $15,000 siphon across the Jordan NaT' rows, built by the the Provo Reservoir company. It was esti mated that the construction of the high line canal and siphon would place 12,000 acres of rich land in Salt Lake county under Negotiations were reported under un-der way for the purchase of Olmsted at the mouth of Provo canyon by a Salt Lake group from the Utah Power ft Light comnany for a summer resort George O. Relf, manager of the Hotel Utah was one of the prime movers in the venture. write, to know sad understand history, science, music, art. matnemauos ana above all, de- yond the ability and comprehen sion ox even the wisest men a few short centuries ago. Yes. right now, you have more knowledge and greater ability and aptitude than most of the men who founded this nation of ours. If you were to compete with them on a "Quiz Kid program, you'd far surpass most of them on perhaps as many as a hundred subjects. So, in a broad sense you are far superior to the people who made up this nation just a few generations genera-tions ago. This being true, you have a just right to feel proud but it is also true that your descendants two generations from now will be quite superior to you intellectually. intellec-tually. . Because it is true, you owe It to yourself and to the coming generation' to continue to study and to progress intellectually. . Read good books. Don't waste your time on low-grade reading. Your time on earth is too short for you to waste on trivial and unimportant things. Avoid the companionship of the disgruntled, of the ignorant, of the wastrel, of the people who ' do not know or practice diligence and thrift You are, or should be, wiser arid more useful to those with whom you come in contact each day if you purposely plan to acquire ac-quire more knowledge and more skill. This is your obligation to your self, your family and friends and to our nation. Curious Cynic Cants . . . . . .perhaps some girls think so well of themselves that they keep their hope chest in a sweater. . . .many a man has been framed by a girl as pretty as a picture. pic-ture. ...the difference between a sweetheart and a sweetie is that toe sweetheart may not be dumb. . . .when a woman does not seem to have anything to talk about, you can depend upon it that she has not had an operation. Knowledge When I was A youngster, Tho' it seemed Quite funny I never heard Of the Easter bunny, Arid, no one Told me about The birds and bees. And pollen on flowers And things Like these. Though it's near Sixty years I've been Roaming about There are many Facts of life I'm just Finding out FIRST DAY OF SCHOOL When the San Francisco Conference ends, the delegates will have experienced their "first day of school" for the study of the complex problems of world peace, and for the develori-ment develori-ment of a curriculum for a permanent school. Everyone everywhere should clearly understand thai this Conference is the most important inicrnational meeting in history. kWc can be thankful tKaf our nation Is represented by wise and experienced statesmen with a sincere desire for peace, and we are sure the odier nadons have jhe same type of ep resentation. v tThe Conference will furnish the leadership and the plan but peace depends upon the peoples of the United Nations upon their will to peace, upon their sacrifice for peace, uppri heir works of peace. tThe difficulties are enormous, some of the problems cannot can-not be solved immediately, and compromises will be made by all nations in order to arrive at conclusions that will be fair jp. all countries. il!he Conf erenee cannot creafe an enduring peace. But if , wilWay the foundations for a plan for peace to be put into effect as soon as possible, and which we and future generations genera-tions of the world must maintain. Let us be sparing in our criticism and generous with our encouragement and constructive suggestions. And above all let us pray that the thinking people of the orld will take advantage of the opportunity afforded by the first day of school" and build continuously toward an en- peace. PRESIDENT INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORPORATION XL IE |