OCR Text |
Show Wed/Thurs/Fri, September 13-15, 2006 Tlge Park Record A-8 MODEL. YEAR-END CLQSEDUTS1 Just war tradition: valid, or obsolete? By KRISTEN MPULTON follow the traditional rules for con" MediaNews Group Wire Service ducting war, such as the use of proportional force and the refusal to The scaffolding that for centuries attack citizens. Following such rules are imporhas supported decisions about the morality of armed conflict - the tant, she says, for the United States Just War tradition - is the focus of to win "the very crucial battle for renewed debate in the era of terror- hearts and minds." ism. Five years after the Sept. 11 "The question is not whether attacks and the United States' sub- Just War tradition applies, but sequent march into Afghanistan and whether we want to apply it," Love Iraq, some now ask whether the Just says. The Just War "tradition develWar tradition is obsolete. oped out of a need to reconcile two Realists contend that all should beliefs: killing is wrong, but states be fair in war when the enemies arc have a duty to protect their citizens, to The Oxford tyrants who torture their own or according when they are stateless rogues who Companion to Christian Thought kill innocents. Pacifists counter that and the Stanford Encyclopedia of modern weapons make all war Philosophy. St. Augustine, who lived unthinkable. But most philosophers, as the Roman Empire was crumtheologians and political scientists bling in the fourth and fifth cenagree that ignoring the Just War tra- turies, is considered the father of the dition now would be a grave mis- Christian Just War doctrine, but its roots were in ancient Israel and take. "Saying we ought to throw the Greek and Roman thought. RANOC RDVCR SPORT NOW AVAI LADLE . rofi iMwroiAT DELIVCHT1 FOOTBALL WEEKENDS SPORTS BAR & QRILL Just War theory out is like saying "Throw out the Ten Commandments. We don't do a very good job of following them,' " says Michael Minch. a philosophy professor at Utah Valley State College. "We don't do a very good job of following the Just War theory, but we should. It's of value." Maryann Cusimano Love, who teaches international relations at Catholic University of America, says it's more important than ever to \ SAT SUN MON S2.00 BUD C BUD LIGHT : • :*.;c:_ ' DRAFTS ^••'.V- Over the centuries, the tradition has come to demand six things of a nation or state before it can resort to war: Just cause: right intention; proper authority and public declaration; last resort; probability of success; proportionality. The tradition also speaks to the conduct and end of war. Paul Griffiths, a philosophy professor at the University of Illinois, says one question now dominates talk about Just War theory: Can it be retooled to allow for pre-emptive . and even preventive wars? Historically, says Griffiths, war has been justified only when attack is imminent. "You respond to a threat right before you, the enemy . at your gate." President Bush, however, claims the centuries-old tradition justifies the military interventions in both Afghanistan and Iraq. While many moral theorists agree that an argument could be made for Afghanistan, because it harbored the terrorist group that attacked the U.S. on Sept. 11, 2001, fewer say the Iraq war is just. Richard Land, president of the Southern Baptist Convention's Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission, is one of those who believes it is just. Land, who has a doctorate degree in philosophy, studied under one of the 20th century's top Just War theorists, Paul • Ramsey. "I call it a liberation," says Land. "It is one of the most noble things we've done. We went to free people who were suffering under a brutal and barbaric leadership." Land believes Just War tradition already allows pre-emptive wars. "If there is a clear and present danger and you have reason to believe you are under imminent attack, you don't have to wait to respond," he says. But the justice of the war in Iraq, Land believes, does not depend on the Just War tradition. It is essentially a continuation of the Gulf War, which ended in a ceasefire, the conditions of which were repeatedly violated by Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein. Griffiths says his reading on the tradition is different, but he acknowledges "There is no ideal situation." To attack pre-emptively is worse morally and legally than waiting, however uneasily one might wait for a possible attack, he says. "More end up dead and it's not clear that it helps." Minch, at UVSC, is blunt in his criticism. "If the Just War tradition justifies this war, it is of no value," Minch says. "If it's that malleable, then it doesn't mean anything." Moreover, he says, it is morally lazy. "It's a sidestepping of the hard, moral work of relating to people and dealing with them and negotiating with them and trying to work with them." Just War theory, say those who think about it, should be re-examined in light of modern challenges, such as the fact that terrorists are individuals and not nations. Minch believes the world needs a global parliamentary system that gives recognition to groups, not just to governments. Griffiths would like to see stronger international institutions, such as the United Nations and Lawmaker wants Juneteenth Day as holiday 1 / 2 OFF APPETIZERS SALT LAKE CITY (AP) When the Legislature convenes on the third Monday in January - Martin Luther King Jr. Day - Rep. Neil Hansen wants to send a message that Utah respects its black population, however small it may be. He wants to make Juneteenth Day an official state holiday. "I think it would be fitting to EVERY NFL GAME - 4 0 COLLEGE GAMES MONDAY NIGHT FOOTBALL/RAFFLE PRIZES have this bill ready to go on that day," said Hansen, D-Ogden. Juneteenth recognizes the day Texas slaves were told they were freed by the President Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation. If Hansen's bill passes, it will do so without a single black lawmaker there to support it. Utah's lone black legislator, Rep. Duane Bordeaux. TEAM SCHLOPY LISTING OF T H E WEEK 23 T.Y.'s 13 PLASMA'S / HIGH Great view of the mountains DEFINITION WHEN AVAILABLE FAMILIES WELCOME NON SMOKING MAIN STREET PRIVATE CI.UH FOK MEMBERS • CHILDHEN Southern Exposure (lot's of sun) Visit some of Salt Lake City's finest restaurants and choose a three course meal for either $15 or $Z5 per person. liasy access In freeway, wry quite, private backyard, ail slonc decks. Fully landscaped front & backyard. Southern exposure (loc's of sun). Short flat driveway (facing soulh). Rcmodck-d in 1994, iii^v double pain windows, storm doors, garage door, new floors, ceramic tile, oak lelinished hardwood floor*, blinds, upgraded appliance since then, with brand new waler healer. Well kept, immaculate and greal neighborhood. leam Schlopy Downtown Salt Lake City [W.l i.]l I [eJI BANKGRC3 RESIDENTIAL BkOKtRACt Toll Fr«« 800-825-8889 « t 4344 Mobile. 435-640-5660 Web* it ft tmow.ichUpy.com Offered by Team' Schlopy, 435-640-5660 D-Salt Lake City, retired earlier this year. "Its been on my mind a couple years. Rep. Bordeaux worked together on it," Hansen said. " I think it's time for our state." Less than 1 percent of Utah's 2.4 million population is black and, in 2001, the state became the last to make Martin Luther King Jr. Day a state holiday. The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in rebelling states beginning Jan. 1, 1863. It did not affect slaves in Kentucky, Missouri, Maryland, Delaware and parts of Virginia and Louisiana that were under federal control at the time. But slaves in Galveston, Texas, didn't know they were freed until June 19,1865. about two months after the Civil War ended. That day has become known as Juneteenth Day. In the past decade there has been a growing movement to recognize Juneteenth as a national holiday, with 19 states recognizing the day, including Texas, where its a paid state holiday. "Juneteenth is America's second Independence Day. On the Fourth of July, Americans of African descent were slaves," said Ronald Myers, chairman of the National Juneteenth Holiday Campaign, by telephone from the Memphis, Tenn. airport. "We're talking about an American celebration of freedom. The Fourth of July and the 19th of June complete the cycle of Independence Day celebrations in America. One is not complete without the other." Myers said when slaves in Texas were told of their freedom they danced with joy. Although slavery was not outlawed nationwide until the passage of the 13th Amendment in December 1865, Juneteenth allows the country to continue the celebration that began in Texas, Myers said. "We honor our ancestors by joining them in celebration," he said. Hansen said adopting Juneteenth Day as a state holiday would likely be easier than it was making Martin Luther King Jr. Day a state holiday. Hansen said he would like the observance to occur on the third Saturday in June so no businesses or offices would have to close. "It's mainly just a day to be recognized," he said. Myers said his group is not asking states or the federal government to make Juneteenth a paid holiday, but an observance similar to Flag Day, June 14. "It gives the country an opportunity to most constructively deal with the legacy of slavery and the healing we need from thai legacy," he said. Hansen wants his bill reviewed by legislative committees this fall so it can be voted on the first day of the session, Jan. 15, which is Martin Luther King Jr. Day. The state Constitution requires the Legislature convene on the third Monday of January each year despite the pleas of several legislators and many civil rights activists. Of the 40 states whose legislatures will have convened by the third Monday, Utah is one of nine that doesn't take the day off. "It would be nice so that especially as a Legislature that we can honor that day," Hansen said. " I truly think we need to look at maybe changing the Constitution to starting a day later for that." Mad Hatter Chimney Sweep Restaurant Week Park City's Only Year Round, September 14 - SO, 2006 Full Service Professional Chimney Sweep the affordable massage studio THE 35 PARTICIPATING RESTAURANTS INCLUDE: (Hours* Dinner Btaggft Rirtwarrte ftjlura p Canada's Cedars of Leharwi chrstoplier's Seafood S Stcakbouse Lamb's Grill Cafe Umcn Grass Thai Cuiune OauiCnfc Panache Wine 8ar Sage's talc SquaUcrs Pub Zftia r Locally Owned & Operated by Larry Mears Mount Dinner Avenues Bakery 4 Bistro flmhara Butterfly* CaffcMdiw Garden cate at the Grand America Henri Garden Restaurant at the Joseph Smith Building (30 minute session) The Basic Knead (60 minute session) JL. -beat the late fall rush- Market StntetGril ' Market Street Oystef Bar* Marline Melting Pot RMI Rock Brewing Company Snmba Grill Spcnttr's for Steaks and Chops* Tafcnshi calk 801-359-511R. (go minute session) H NewYortw* Vienna Bistro Very Kneady o £ U Mikado Downtown and gwrewrarjc tp to Knot So Knead)i £ ID Feeling extremely kneady, ask obout our 2 hour session. s Gift Certificates available. If paid at the time of service - Offer expires October 15,2006 ask about our Corporate K/ieads (L Enter for a chance to win the American Express "Dinner for a Year11 Giveaway! INopurchw* necessary! > u>: ww.vi*h«ldiW^Wdlr)Mr«md 5POH5ORED BY: L^wnkMmAIliarxE KSLNtWSMDtg 'f^\'--f. Coupon must be presented 875 Iron Horse Drive Park City 435.6i5.8440 (Near Starbucks & Rite Aid) State, Local & Summit County Licenses 2670 South ^Oth East Salt Lake City 8OJ.467.69S8 Fully Insured CSIA Certified Technician (Near Cactus & Tropicals, Next to Maverick) Open ? days a week g:00 am to $:OOpm All of our sessions include time to consult withjour therapist, relax and get on and off the. massage table. Call 649-7129 *>:? .*?.*••£.»...-<: 4.13 by 8 |