Show TH conr ESS it J A V it has been the habit of brutal police officers to wring a confession of crime crime from a suspected person by bv torturing him until in desperation lie he told something just to get relief the newest practice in this method is called the silent third degree 9 described here 4 V ul I 1 that you went to a strange city next week to hunt a job md and that by bi ua eer acci acel dent a yoi were picked up by the police is a suspected murderer inasa uch as 3 on m would lave I 1 av e no acquaintances it would be very h bird ird for you to prove in alibi so likely as not the polac being quite as eager ti t give evidence of their alert alertness nes by securing a conviction as to get at the truth and secure jus tie would give you wl stat at they call the th rd degree according to a writer in the new fork york herald with ith the third degree the public Is well acquaint id ed through short stories articles novels and the arima but there has developed of recent years a test more grimly nerve racking more crush ing ng and relentless the silent third degree to the study of which penologists and piccolo fists are giving much time and thought in the opinion of some it Is more unjust th tb in the older form of bullying questioning others declare that it Is a true test one which wrings the truth from the subject more certainly than all the ques dioning in the world and he goes on to explain how the silent thaid degree works the mcnamara case one of the most notable cases of the practice of the silent third degree was in the los angeles times dynamiting case james B mcnamara was on trial the prosecution had developed a strong case against him but the man mans s nerve was ivas wonderful mond erful it was samuel L browne chief of the los an geles secret service bureau who ullo directed the grueling dally daily presentation of witnesses who spoke not nor were spoken to but who merely filed into the court room caught tl 11 e eye of 7 B Mcl Samara shot him a glance of recognition and then unquestioned by counsel for either side left the room women with anith alom benamira MeN VeN amira had associated lichel jerks who had seen him register under falie false mines cabmen who had bad driven him to places where detectives contended he had met fellow conspirators in the dynamite plot all these were marshaled marshi led by the secret service men and paraded before the prisoner vividly realistically almost as if with a amov ing picture film filin each step in the accused dyna in ter s lio journey urney from indianapolis to los angeles each stage of development of the plot was called to his mind and what was worse there was the suggestion that the prosecution knew all every time three or four witnesses who J P AfeN mcnamara timara knew could testify damagingly ag dinst him en ell the courtroom and bowed to him in mccog nation the thourl t m was as crushingly impressed ui on his mind that another step in his career was known one of these silent witnesses was wils the mail clerk nho bad had time and ngien hindel handel n nail all to man i mara at the gener gemeril 11 delivery windol and hid bid cnown I 1 now n him as J B arce bra cc inogine the effect on the guilty mm min when he be saw that the mail cleri recognized him there were cabmen wl ml 0 hid driven labout a nad 1 d one of them had quarreled with him finally a bomin plain and r antl er sli sl ibl bIlly ily dressed alite and timid wis mlis into the courtroom 1 sl l e sit it in one of the front and gazed at J B mcnamara mira how the S lent third degree works that woman had sold him wrapping paper in her store and in her presence he hid w ripped wrapped s of dynamite in it As the supreme test the crushing denouement mcnamara mira was confronted hy by the list living per s 1 n na who ho hid seen him I 1 afore the danam di nam te ex it was the barten ler who had sold mena man inam a dr just before he tie flippe I 1 tl rough the hinging door af f the saloon bad into ink illey and placed tie ti e dynamite which destroyed 22 lives III tell you what this silent thirl degree does it wakens a mans conscience that s the underlying principle thit makes it effective said george ceorge S 8 dougherty formerly in chairge of the ne v york police detective bureau loot 1001 here III tell you how it s A n an Is arrested for a grive crime murder peri pert aps a ps he fie sees no witnesses when he Is 19 ar reste restel I 1 lie fie Is at bay desperate des pente fighting for his big liberty liberti an ani I 1 maybe for his life ile steels himself ind throws about him an armor of brin lo 10 or un concern or taciturnity his fit nerves are tire like steel fibers and vou cm t shake rhems if vou on should bully him he become and resistive if vou ou should threaten reLOn e would become defiant int he tip might be open tol to reason but suppose he were not 11 ahen ben he is arraigned before it magistrate there kiy be witnesses he recognizes recognize and mho ft ho he knows will recognize rec him when he has been first arrested he his mother ani ant his wife and his friends th that adibe he Is innocent the lie ile means nothing to I 1 im tin on e but hen lien he sees all these v witnesses it nesses who are con beetel with his crime in different ways he be begins beins ins to reilie that he kiy be forced to a in it his big i it and that these persons are tire going to ru mil ruil il e him out the friends nn tin I 1 reli relative tive alo vl hive stuck A that 1 Is the beginning of the brell ind it reached folpe of min you cin c cint in t bully or hood hoogink ho ink inta 4 fl m av sett ng stage foige for ge dehnk 4 Oal vZ 2 1 11 al willlim 11 1 14 1 l a broken nf nen lork I 1 ork vis is foun I 1 murdered in I 1 is I 1 yoom fit t the it iroquois I 1 otel in the heart of 0 lie e fah li P jib ls hrict of ac ne v torl 1 city ile lal I 1 a I 1 teen I 1 een heitch b und and aled and a I 1 ottie ottle NA which ical I 1 TJ 1 coot cont ined hlo if I 1 if was found on the pre liseq t 1 I 1 lif ii d it wa at p I 1 4 61 9 11 ir va 3 aw about the only information the police were at first able to develop was the fact that the murderer must have entered the room from tl it e fire escape there did not seem to be the test evidence as to the identity of tl e indru ler the bottle which contained the traces of chloroform bore a label however and detectives working on the case traced it to a druggist in jewarl this man stated th t he had sold the drug to aars a mrs kane and gave her address in new lork city to them meanwhile police working in the city had be come suspicious of taut I 1 aul geidel a bellboy who had been discharged from the iroquois a few das previously when they learned that he was liv 11 v ing in a room which he rented in mrs u ianes ranes apartment tl 11 air suspicions were strengthened but there was as yet noti ing on which to hold the by he ile had not been seen by anyone on the premises where the crime was committed since his dis charge still certain information which came to the hand of george S dougherty at that tit ie le deputy police commissioner in charge of the detective bure iu led him strongly to deliene flat geidel was the murderer the deputy commissioner himself together with detectives thomas nan twister and donil dowl nick kellly reilly went to the apartments of mrs kane xane a pretty woman oman who earned a living as hair dresser As they entered mrs kanes sitting room geidel and patrick mcgrane another bell bov boy nere ere sitting with her dougherty told mrs airs kane rane that he wished to speak to her alone on an important matter the other men said nothing but two of them went into adjoining rooms each with one of the two boys they each attempted to question their custodian but he would not speak not even admitting that he ki has as a detective although the 3 bouti s must have known it and this silence multiplied their tens fells mrs airs kane in a very frank manner admitted that she had bought tl ti e chloroform and aid that she used it in the treatment of hair II hie ie ou still got that bottle of chloroform in the house asked dougherty no she said it his gone where ed eo dougherty mrs airs kane at first hesitated but by adroit questioning the commis stoner learne I 1 from her that trat it had d sapp eared from the shelf in the bathroom after learning ill all that he cared to dougherty produced the bot hot tie was that yours he asked mrs kane slid that it was and became very much alarmed tl TI e detective reassured her all I 1 NN want ant aou ou to do said dougherty is to answer mi my questions ag again aln just tie way ou have this time then I 1 ell he sent for mcgrane who was in the next neit room with geidel after a few unimportant questions he be to mcgrane now all I 1 want you to do is to sit I 1 ere quietly don t say a word and it if geidel looks at ou make no sign I 1 or i sound unless aou a want to get into trouble yourself mcgrane thoroughly frightened took his place on a chair the detective offered to him stepping to the table dougherty turned down the oil lamp which had a red sl stale ale then he be drew tle tl e curtains shutting out the twilight which I 1 the effect of the red shaded amp ever bit of furniture was placed r laced by the detective so tl it the effect he was striving for would be enhanced no stige director could have exercised greater care in the arrangement of de tails he ile sent for geidel I 1 eilly came in with him tle tl e bellboy was seated in a chair wl ich directly facek the door to the b bathroom where dougherty had already replaced the empty bottle of chloroform alap mrs kane slid wild dougherty d d you a bottle of chloro chloroform fort i from a drugg st in newark about ten days goa go yes said the woman why did ou get it I 1 use it in dressing I 1 air mrs airs K kane kine ine replied r p did P aul know that you had this drug it yes he did id uttel I 1 mrs airs kane who was so s suited sited thit tie light hom the file lamp shone on ler ter held heid and foa features tures n baling a ing them the most dis tive things in the room and geidel seemed un ble to t til if e his ea ees es from her face he ile smiled with a certain amount of bravaia as the ques cloning continued did piul ciul ever say anything about the drug what m were ere his wor Is IV a mrs airs kane 1001 ed imploringly at geidel but s reither she di I 1 not dye not to anam answer er or her N wi I 1 h b N to tell abe the truth was stronger than her sympathy hoor the boy Hefa shed ie if there was w as enough chloroform in the bottle to I 1 1111 III a man sl si e said I 1 told him tl 0 ere NN was as and asked him why he wanted to kno v oh oil I 1 might ant vant to take some if don I 1 t go right with me he replied laughing and I 1 thoua t tit tint it he was as merely joking in a grim 4 way Is that bottle still in your possession asked the detective it ts is said mrs airs pane kane at least I 1 have not used the drug und and it must be there whet e I 1 on the shelf in the bathroom turning to dominick Don alnick reilly the detective aske I 1 him to look for the bottle ceadel s face showed the first signs of alarm fleres the bottle said reilly but it its s empty I 1 I 1 tl ought you sid you ased it t said dougherty to mrs kane sharply the bellboy 9 eyes started from their sockets he ile had believed the bottle destroyed or lost he ile sank in his big cl air mcgrane did lid not return the glance of inquiry his friend shot toward him allow much did the detectives know geidel looked first at tit one face then another the reddish glow on mrs panes ranes features showed the anguish she m was as in apaul paul knew she was fond of him bhe must ie te suffering so because she had been obliged to tell all she knew about the chloroform me cranes grane 9 features were stolid geidel knew what bat he had bad told his friend and to him this mear meart t that the friend had betrayed him reilly handed the bottle not to mr mrs kane but to paul ills his tongue clove to the roof of his mouth he tried to speak but could not so that s where you got the drug to kill jack son with Is it queried dougherty you are under arrest lvery glance every movement of the prisoner told of his guilt yet he di dl I 1 not speak the detectives tec tives did not press him with questions dough ert erts wis content to let the setting he had ar ranged the silent tl 11 ird decree deree work on his reilly took back he the bottle which geidel had been examining with tl ti e horror he would have hi h i I 1 a deadly t ader been placed wriggling in his hands they tool him to police headquarters all the way may ceadel wis living again the scene in abl th little room lit by the re feldish dish gleam glearn from the limp lamp A score of times he lived again tl at tit moment when the detec the tle with horrible dr dri i matic foice had stepped out of the bathroom in his hand tl it bottle wh ch the bouth had forgot ten to destroy before he was sent to his cell gellel gellet said to reilly I 1 did it cm cin tl it ey hang liang me for this geidel u wis uis is convicted abe s experience an early form of the silent tl ird degree in that no questions were astel was practiced on abe the san I 1 ran fancisco cisco political icil boss bobs who was convicted of graft was mas in prison awaiting trial william J burns was handling the case and was vas making every effort to wring a confession from the prisoner there was a keep r n the I 1 rison named me alc carthy who wason was on dut near s cell burns discontinued his calls an tin I 1 instructed tl ti is man to walen waken every night at two clock sharp ahls mccarthy did by hinging binging on the will with a heavy stool the first bev fe v nights 1 d I d not pay much attention to the disturbance merely turning over and going to sleep again at last fast it got on his nerves lie ile would jump oft oil his cot at the first sound ind demand what was thit mccorthy McC irthy woul I 1 make no reply and would run to tl it e barred door of his cell and look out to see tl 11 e keeper apparently asleep sometimes he would waken the heeler and say it aou ou heir anything not a sound mccarthy would ang anaver er this formula was ivas gone through t after night until on one occasion leaped from bed to find mccarthy wide awake D dant it you hear anything iny thing at all asked the prisoner bothin but you in your sleep said mcc mccartt artl y what was mas I 1 talking about said alarmed the grift cases said quid mccarthy my heavens heaven 31 I 1 cried am I 1 going crazy my in nd n be getting unsettled I 1 want to see burns tomorrow next e diy daiy the detective called on the prisoner tried to I 1 ring up the gi aft cases but hums burns turned to othar other subjects until at last it R leff apt broke dou down n and and I 1 alf choute shou tel I 1 loot 1001 herb herl I 1 turns urns you bouve ve got to jistel to this I 1 its my confession I 1 |