Show INSURANCE FOR TREES EQUIPMENT 18 ESSENTIAL FOR successful SPRAYING something about life and habits of pests must be known before farmer can hope to obtain satisfactory results by C M MILLER it insurance against possible loss from alre is worth how much more valuable must be spraying insurance su rance against certain loss farm rs and are becoming cog nazant ot the tact that to grow good ault one must not only spray but spray intelligently to spray successfully one must be provided with a proper equipment and he must know how to spray and what he Is spraying for to spray intelligently for the purpose of checking damage by injurious insects something about the alfo and habits ot the pests must be known before we can hope to obtain satis fac tory results A remedy used against one kind of insect may have no effect whatever on another species one reason for this is that some insects chew and devour their food while others pierce the tissue and obtain their nourishment by sucking the sap of whatever plant or tree they are located upon the same thing 13 true of fungus diseases one must know something about the causes of plant diseases and their effect before the best results can be expected from spraying in spraying tor bitter rot or scab a good mixture to use la bordeaux and this should be applied before the buds open to destroy the spores upon the bark and twigs another spraying from three to five weeks later should be given in or der to cover such portions as have escaped the first spraying careful ex perl ments show that in orchards where spraying has been done from year to year that the accumulative effects are great some ot these work of the apple rust fruit at right Is from one quarter of a tree where rust was not controlled at the left from a quarter of the same tree where rut was con strolled trolled troll ed orchards which were so badly infested as to entirely dishearten their own ers have been freed from both insect pests and disease and have been brought up to full bearing dearly every one is familiar with the bright yellow spots which apple rust produces on infested leaves while the greatest injury undoubtedly results from the leaf spots there is also a considerable loss due to rusted fruit the spots on fruit are quite variable both as to size and shape and they may be green yellow or a mixture of both these colors this spotting of the leaves seriously weak ens the trees the infection comes from the galls on red juniper cedar apples the infection may be reduced by spraying the apple foliage in early spring but this Is at best only partially successful whereas the destruction st of the junipers juni pers ends the trouble since these have slight value tor ornament or other purpose it la the part of wisdom to remove them from the neighborhood of apple orchards the fungus which causes apple rust depends part of its life on the apple and another part on the cedar so that it there are no cedar trees within one mile of apple orchards there will be practically no injury from this disease this Is mentioned specifically aa an example as to the of spraying a knowledge of the apple rust shows thai other means beside spraying must be used tor its elimination one must study the causes and effects before the best re cults can be obtained in orchard practise it spraying Is to be done first leam what la causing the trouble then it pruning Is needed prune it spraying la necessary spray effectively |